Kristianstad University
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The importance of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in pre-school : A qualitative study on the incorporation of the convention on the Rights of the Child in relation to the best interests of the child
No full text1 januari 2020 inkorporerades konventionen om barnets rättigheter till svensk lag. När arbetet med studien startade fanns det ingen forskning kring hur förskolans verksamhet påverkats av inkorporeringen, vilket väckte en nyfikenhet hos oss. Syftet med studien blev således att undersöka hur verksamma förskollärare resonerade kring arbetet med barnkonventionen, med en fördjupning i en av konventionens artiklar gällande barnets bästa (artikel 3). Empirin samlades in genom en kvalitativ insamlingsmetod där fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer och en skriftlig intervju genomfördes med fem förskollärare. Studien utgick från förskollärares resonemang och upplevelser kring arbetet med barnkonventionen. Empirin analyserades utifrån ett barndomssociologiskt perspektiv med fokus på begreppen: det kompetenta barnet, barnet som being och becoming samt barnperspektiv och barns perspektiv. Resultatet visade att förskollärarna redan arbetade med barnkonventionen sedan flera år tillbaka men att det i samband med inkorporeringen bidrog till en ökad diskussion. Därutöver visade resultatet även att förskollärarnas grundläggande målsättning alltid var att utgå från barns bästa, men att det hamnar i konflikt med faktorer som de kan- och inte kan påverka. Förskollärarna gav uttryck för att barnkonventionens inkorporering var välkommen genom att den bidragit till ett ökat fokus för barns bästa, vilket stämmer överens med förskolans läroplan
Empatiskt bemötande och stress och återhämtning
No full textEmpati är en viktig del av bemötande inom människovårdande yrken som tandvård och vård. Det finns teorier om att stress påverkar empati negativt genom att det bland annat leder till håglöshet och ökad cynism samt att återhämtning kan minska stress vilket indirekt kan påverka empatisk förmåga i bemötandet i positiv riktning. Syftet med studien var att utforska om det fanns skillnader i självskattad empati, stress och återhämtning bland personer med olika lång yrkeserfarenhet, utbildning och utbildningsnivå. Utöver detta testades också om det fanns samvariationer mellan självskattningarna i empati, stress och återhämtning. Dessutom gjordes försök att mäta bemötande med hjälp av fiktiva fallexempel från vård och tandvård. Försöksdeltagare i studien utgjordes av 40 personer, till yrket undersköterskor, sjuksköterskor, blivande specialistsjuksköterskor och blivande tandhygienister. Pearsons korrelationsanalyser har använts för att beräkna korrelationer och envägs variansanalyser, ANOVA, för att beräkna skillnader mellan grupper. I föreliggande studies resultat förefaller det som om yngre personer med mindre yrkeserfarenhet är mer stressande och mer empatiska medan äldre personer med fler arbetade år är mindre stressade och mindre empatiska medan utbildningstyp och utbildningsnivå inte verkar spela någon som helst roll. Frågorna innehållande fiktiva fall konstateras behöva ytterligare utveckling. Inga som helst signifikanta skillnader avseende olik grupptillhörighet som yrke; blivande specialistsjuksköterskor, blivande tandhygienister, undersköterskor; eller utbildningsnivå; gymnasienivå, kandidatexamensnivå, magisterexamen eller högre kunde ses i studien. Studien inspirerar till fortsatt forskning inom området bemötande och empatisk autencitet. Empathy is an important issue in people-oriented work such as dental care and care. There are theories that stress affects empathy in a negative way by causing lethargy and cynicism and that recovery can reduce the stress which indirectly could affect the ability to give empathic treatment which means treat other persons well when working with people. The purpose of this study was to see if there were differences in self-reported empathy, stress and recovery among persons with different length of professional experience, type of education and educational level. In addition, correlations between self-reports of empathy, stress and recovery were tested. Also tests to measure empathic treatment among fictive cases both from health care and dental care situations were done. There were 40 participants in the study, which worked as assistant nurses or nurses or were under education for nursing specialists or dental hygienists. Pearson’s correlation analysis and one way analysis of variance, ANOVA, were used for the statistical analysis. In this study it seemed like younger persons with fewer years of experience were both more stressed and more empathic than older persons with longer experience which seem to be less stressed but also less empathic, while education type or level seemed to not matter. The fictive cases should be developed more. No differences between educational groups at different levels were found in this study, nor could any differences be seen among different professions. This study could inspire further research in the field of empathic treatment and authenticity.
Consumer awareness, attitudes and preferences towards heritage cereals
No full textIntroduction Consumer trends are pointing towards local and regional food production, e.g. heritage cereals not least because of a rising interest for sustainability. It is well known that the sensory experience of a product is of greatest importance for the consumers, but also claims such as ancient, organic, or local may have a positive impact. Aim To investigate consumers’ awareness, attitudes and preferences towards heritage cereals. Further to study differences and similarities between different groups of consumers. Methods Swedish consumers, aged 18 years or older were invited to answer a web based questionnaire concerning awareness, knowledge and attitudes towards heritage cereals. Participation was anonymous and voluntarily. Results The total number of participants was 434. Spelt was the significantly most known variety among all participants. Knowledge about other varieties differed with participants’ geographic location. Bread followed by pasta were the most consumed cereal products, more than 99% of the participants consumed bread. The consumption of pasta was high among all groups except for the older consumers who consumed significantly less. Taste, flavour and freshness were the most important quality aspects of bread. It was found that texture, wholemeal flour as well as the origin of the cereal, were more important to women than to men. Bread and pasta are the most preferred future products based on heritage cereals and most consumers, except for the younger, are willing to pay a higher price. Discussion In line with other studies it was shown that sensory properties such as taste and texture are the most important factors for the consumers, nevertheless more important for women than for men. The willingness of paying a higher price for products based on heritage cereals indicated awareness about the importance of sustainable food production. Still, well known product categories are the most preferred future products among all consumers.
Managing risk factors for caries with behaviour change approach : a systematic literature review and observational registry study
No full textIt is estimated that nearly 100% of adults had dental caries worldwide. The disease can be approached with a biopsychosocial perspective. Overall, the aim of this study was to assess how behaviour change approach is used to manage risk factors for caries, which was divided in two sub-objectives;1. To illuminate behaviour change methods used to manage risk factors for caries, 2. To explore caries incidence among adult patients who have received behaviour change therapy treatment against caries.To answer the first sub-objective a systematic literature review was performed. To explore dental health status among adults who received behaviour change therapy due to caries, data from the national register in odontology SKaPa was analysed with descriptive and analytic statistics.The findings of the systematic literature review retrieved one RCT-study in the field of behaviour change therapy and caries. Findings from the register study showed there was no corralation between behaviour change therapy and DFT, no differences in inqualities among gender regardning DFT, no differences in DFT related to behaviour change therapy, that among therapy codes for behaviour change therapy behavioural therapy, 60 minutes or more was less frequently used and that dental professionals most frequently used behaviour change therapy when treating initial caries.The conclusion of this study are that there is a lack of scientific evidence regarding managing risk factors for caries with behaviour change approach. The study indicate that qualitative as well as randomized controlled studies would contribute to more knowledge about managing risk factors for caries with behaviour change approach
”What we do inside we can also do outside”. : A qualitative study of how preschool teachers talk about their approach to planned outdoor teaching.
No full textStudiens syfte var att undersöka hur förskollärare talar om sitt förhållningssätt till planerad undervisning utomhus samt om miljö och material kan ha en påverkan på detta. För att ta reda på hur förskollärare talar om sitt eget förhållningssätt utfördes fem semistrukturerade intervjuer med legitimerade förskollärare. Studien utgår ifrån tidigare forskning och relevant litteratur kring författarnas problemområde. Studiens teoretiska utgångspunkt var det sociokulturella perspektivet detta framträder i utförandet av studien samt i analysen av resultatet. Utifrån det sociokulturella perspektivet har författarna genomfört analysen med utgångspunkt i perspektiven kultur, miljö, kommunikation, interaktion, material och artefakter. Resultatet i studien visar att förskollärarna ser positivt till att planera för undervisning utomhus men att det finns faktorer som påverkar att den planerade undervisningen verkligen genomförs. Respondenterna talar om miljö och material som både fördelar och nackdelar till att planerad undervisning utomhus sker. Utifrån studiens resultat önskar författarna bidra till en diskussion och reflektion i professionen där förskollärare ges möjlighet att få syn på sitt eget förhållningssätt och hur hen ställer sig till att bedriva planerad undervisning utomhus
Existentiell ensamhet hos sköra äldre personer : ett närståendeperspektiv
No full textThe aim of this thesis was to explore existential loneliness from the perspective of significant others, to contrast their perceptions with frail older people’s experiences and to describe significant others’ and family care advisors’ views on existential support. This thesis is part of a larger research project about existential loneliness among frail older people, the LONE study. The thesis embraces three qualitative and one quantitative study. A total of 29 significant others, 15 frail older people and 120 family care advisors participated in the studies. The significant others were husbands, wives, daughters, sons, other relatives and friends to frail older people. The concept ‘frail older people’ was defined as older persons (≥ 75 years old) dependent on long-term health- or social care. The qualitative studies were based on multistage focus-group interviews (study I) and individual interviews (studies II and III). The quantitative study (IV) had a cross-sectional design and was based on a questionnaire specifically developed for the current study. Different methods to analyse data were used; hermeneutics (study I), content analysis (study II), a case study with thematic analysis (study III) and descriptive statistics (study IV). Findings from the four studies show that existential loneliness emerges when: 1) Longing for, but also striving for, a deeper feeling of connectedness, 2) Being in, but also enduring, an unwanted separation, and 3) Not finding, but still trying to recreate meaning. This thesis also shows that existential loneliness is often experienced in so-called limit situations in life and arises in difficult choices related to close relationships, in connection with experiences of meaninglessness and in the absence of connection to something or someone. The results show that existential loneliness emerges in the process of balancing between what was and what is to come in the unknown future. Significant others navigate themselves, and sometimes together with the older person, through an unfamiliar existence that makes them feel ambivalent about the de-cisions they have previously made and the decisions they need to make in the future, while also doubting the meaning in their current situation. Existential support should mainly focus on transition phases and on relational aspects. Person-centredness can be a way to make the existential needs of significant others and older people visible and to provide support based on their needs.LONE-stud
The changing marketing orientation within the business model of an international retailer - IKEA in China over 10 years
No full textThe paper reports an interview-based study that considers market driving and market-driven activities within the disaggregated components of the business model. The empirical study is of IKEA in China over a 10 year period. Market orientation is considered as a position on a continuum rather than as binary positions. The components of the business model are developed from the Osterwalder and Pigneur structure. Over the study period, the balance between driven and driving orientations within components of the business model changed in multiple ways. This article's contribution is the illustration of disaggregating the market orientations of driven or driving activities and associating these with the particular components of the business model and so studying what happens to the driven-driving balance over time. The approach has wider applicability for attempts to understand the dynamics of international retailing
Enhancing teachers' relational competence : a teacher lesson study
No full textPurpose The purpose of this paper is to contribute with innovative knowledge about how lesson study as a method can be used as a tool for increasing in-service teachers' professional development. More specifically, the aim is to test in what way one single lesson study cycle, where teachers' way of perceiving teacher–student interactions was tested before and after, contributes to teachers' increased understanding of relational competence. The study is a pilot preparing for an upcoming main study. Design/methodology/approach Participants were 19 lead teachers (swe: förstelärare) in a Swedish municipality. The study was based on a relational framework and methodological approach (Aspelin, 2017; Pianta, 1999). Data obtained through web-questionnaires and collaborative group reflections were analysed and compiled to find general patterns. Findings The majority of the participants (98.5%) considered their understanding of relational competence to be increased (Cohen's d 1.72) during the intervention. Additionally, there was a notable increase in participants' abilities to verbalise their understanding post-intervention. Research limitations/implications The lack of revised studies might have impacted the validity of this work. However, as this was a pilot study the result can be considered to fulfil the purpose. Practical implications The research suggests that lesson study as a method for in-service teachers as participating students can be used effectively to increase teachers' professional development. Originality/value The study aims to investigate how lesson study as a method can be used to develop in-service teacher learning
Meetings or power weeks? : boundary work in a transnational police project
No full textMeetings are common in contemporary working life, but they are often overlooked in academic studies and sometimes defined as empty or boring by employees. Yet, the meeting society is being reproduced again and again. There seem to be hidden ways to incorporate meetings into today’s working life without arousing critique about pointless activities and deviations from what should really be done. One strategy was illustrated in a study of a transnational police project. Police culture celebrates visible crime fighting, which is associated with action, physical toughness, and capturing criminals. The police officers involved in the project emphasized the need to avoid “a lot of meetings,” but de facto constructed their project as meetings. Nonetheless, the project was declared a success. We analyze this paradox in terms of boundary work concerning meetings; the police officers turned some meetings into “real police work” by discursively and practically removing them from the category of bureaucracy and its associations with formalities, rigidity, and documentation. The most important example is how an “operational action group meeting” was renamed “power weeks,” eradicating the very word “meeting” from the term. This was closely associated with increased informality and multi-tasking during these gatherings
International development of the Alzheimer's patient partners life impact questionnaire (APPLIQue)
No full textAIM: Informal caregivers play a vital role in the care of people with Alzheimer's Disease (AD), yet caregiving is associated with caregivers' burden. The initial objective of the study was to develop a new outcome measure to assess quality of life (QoL) in AD caregivers. METHODS: Informal (non-professional) caregivers providing 75% or more of the care activities for, and living in the same household as, a person with AD were invited to take part in the study. Qualitative interviews (N = 40) were conducted with AD caregivers in the UK and thematic analyses were applied to generate a pool of potential items. A draft questionnaire was produced and adapted for use in Italy, Spain, Germany and the US. In each of the 5 countries, cognitive debriefing interviews (N = 76) were conducted to determine the questionnaire's face and content validity, followed by a postal validation survey (N = 268). The data from these surveys were combined to reduce the number of items and assess the new questionnaire's psychometric properties. RESULTS: Thematic analysis of the UK interview transcripts generated a draft questionnaire, which was successfully translated into each additional language. The items were well accepted and easy to complete. However, reanalysis of the qualitative interview data revealed that spousal and non-spousal caregivers identified different experiences of caregiving. A review of the item pool indicated that items were primarily targeted at spousal caregivers. Therefore, further analyses of the postal survey data included spousal caregivers only (n = 116). The results supported scaling assumptions (e.g., corrected item-total correlations ≥0.32), targeting (e.g., floor/ceiling effects <2.5%), internal consistency (α ≥0.93) and test-retest reliability (rs = 0.88) of the new questionnaire, according to classical test theory. Assessment of external construct validity yielded results in accordance with a priori expectations. QoL scores were most strongly related to scores on the emotional reactions sections of the Nottingham Health Profile and the General Well-Being Index. The new questionnaire was found to be capable of detecting meaningful differences between respondents; spousal caregivers had worse QoL when the person with AD was confused (p < .001), could not be left alone (p < .001), did not recognize the caregiver (p < .001), was incontinent (p < .05), and wandered around the house (p = .01). CONCLUSIONS: The Alzheimer's Disease Patient Partners Life Impact Questionnaire (APPLIQue) is a questionnaire specific to spousal caregivers of people with AD. Data support its scaling assumptions and it exhibits excellent psychometric properties according to classical test theory. The questionnaire is recommended for use in intervention studies where the QoL of spousal caregivers is of interest