Kristianstad University
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Understanding of learning goals in the subject of Swedish : A study of teachers’ presentation and pupils’ understanding
No full textSyftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur lärare arbetar med lärandemål i svenskämnet. Vi undersöker även elevers uppfattningar för att belysa sambandet mellan lärares framställning av lärandemål och elevers uppfattningar av dessa. Lärandemål utgör kärnan i svenskundervisningens samstämmighet och vägleder både elever och lärare till det avsedda innehållet. En metodkombination bestående av semistrukturerade intervjuer samt observationer användes för att belysa två lärares framställning av lärandemål och sju elevers uppfattningar av dessa. De frågeställningar som besvarades var: På vilket sätt formuleras och kommuniceras lärandemål av två lärare i ämnet svenska? Hur uppfattar ett antal elever lärandemål och framställningen av dessa i ämnet svenska? Finns det ett samband mellan lärares framställningar och elevers uppfattningar? Resultatet pekar på att lärarna i vår studie har ett mer produktfokuserat synsätt på lärande i svenskämnet. En stor del av undervisningen ägnas åt att diskutera och klargöra uppgifterna. Med utgångspunkt i elevernas uppfattningar kan en omedvetenhet kring den egna lärprocessen identifieras. Utifrån målorienteringsteorin analyserades resultatet med hjälp av de teoretiska begreppen lärandeorienterade motiv och prestationsorienterade motiv. Vi drar slutsatsen att görande och lärande är integrerade med varandra och att läraren behöver vägleda elever genom deras lärprocess. En förklaring till detta kan vara att elever på lågstadiet kanske inte är mogna att ta detta ansvar själva ännu och därmed inte är medvetna om sin egen lärprocess.
Documentation of older people's end-of-life care in the context of specialised palliative care : a retrospective review of patient records.
No full textBACKGROUND: Palliative care focuses on identifying, from a holistic perspective, the needs of those experiencing problems associated with life-threatening illnesses. As older people approach the end of their lives, they can experience a complex series of problems that health-care professionals must identify and document in their patients' records. Documentation is thus important for ensuring high-quality patient care. Previous studies of documentation in older people's patient records performed in various care contexts have shown that such documentation almost exclusively concerns physical problems. This study explores, in the context of Swedish specialised palliative care, the content of documentation in older people's patient records, focusing on documented problems, wishes, aspects of wellbeing, use of assessment tools, interventions, and documentation associated with the person's death. METHODS: A retrospective review based on randomly selected records (n = 92) of older people receiving specialised palliative care, at home or in a palliative in-patient ward, who died in 2017. A review template was developed based on the literature and on a review of sampled records of patients who died the preceding year. The template was checked for inter-rater agreement and used to code all clinical notes in the patients' records. Data were processed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: The most common clinical notes in older people's patient records concerned interventions (n = 16,031, 71%), mostly related to pharmacological interventions (n = 4318, 27%). The second most common clinical notes concerned problems (n = 2804, 12%), pain being the most frequent, followed by circulatory, nutrition, and anxiety problems. Clinical notes concerning people's wishes and wellbeing-related details were documented, but not frequently. Symptom assessment tools, except for pain assessments, were rarely used. More people who received care in palliative in-patient wards died alone than did people who received care in their own homes. CONCLUSIONS: Identifying and documenting the complexity of problems in a more structured and planned way could be a method for implementing a more holistic approach to end-of-life care. Using patient-reported outcome measures capturing more than one symptom or problem, and a systematic documentation structure would help in identifying unmet needs and developing holistic documentation of end-of-life care
Upplevelsen av att genomgå missfall utifrån mäns perspektiv i en heterosexuell relation : litteraturstudie
No full textBakgrund: Världshälsoorganisationen har under en längre tid jobbat med jämställdhet för få män mer involverade i den reproduktiva hälsan. Forskning kring män och graviditet visar däremot att män känner sig åsidosatta och inte lika involverade i graviditeten som en kvinna. Forskning beträffande män och missfall är väldigt begränsad trots att enligt anknytningsteorin kan även män knyta an till ett foster precis som en kvinna och få en känslomässig reaktion vid missfall. Vid missfall finns där inga riktlinjer om stöd för män utan enbart riktlinjer för kvinnor även om män kan få samma sorgereaktion som kvinnor. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva mäns upplevelser av missfall i en heterosexuell relation vid en önskad graviditet. Metod: Litteraturstudie med ett systematiskt arbetssätt som baseras på 12 kvalitativa artiklar där två databaser har använts för att ta fram artiklarna. Artiklarna granskades med hjälp av HögskolanKristianstads granskningsmall. Analysprocessen skedde med hjälp av Fribergs trestegsmodell. Resultat: Studien visar att män också fick en sorgereaktion vid missfall. Oavsett när graviditetsförlusten inträffade var det förväntningar och tankar om barnet som avgjorde sorgens intensitet. Majoriteten av män upplevde att de förväntades anta en stödroll och lägga sina egna känslor åt sidan. Stödet från sjukvården upplevdes som bristfälligt och män upplevde sig vara åsidosatta medan stödet från andra i omgivningen fick en större betydelse. Oavsett om stödet kom från närstående eller utomstående var det viktigt för män att bli sedda och bekräftade i sin sorg och förlust. Diskussion: Två fynd diskuterades i resultatdiskussionen, dessa var att män inte fick uttrycka sina känslor och agera stöd till sin kvinna samt att män inte alltid såg eller behandlades som en närstående eller anhörig. Teorier och modeller som kopplades till vartdera fyndet var genusteorin samt person- och familjecentrerad vård
Reading comprehension in compulsory special school : a study from the perspective of educators
No full textThe study describes educators´ perceptions of reading comprehension for students with intellectual disabilities and neuropsychiatric disabilities in compulsory special school grades 7–9 for students who read the subject Swedish. The study also sheds light on the strategies educators´ use to make texts comprehensible and provide support in reading comprehension. Based on the educators´ descriptions, the opportunities and challenges the educators face are highlighted. The study is based on eight qualitative semi-structured interviews with educators active in upper secondary school. All informants teach the subject Swedish. The theoretical framework for the study consists of the socio-cultural perspective and a cognitive science perspective. The result is analyzed on the basis of concepts taken from the two theoretical starting points. Based on the educators' descriptions, it appears that reading comprehension teaching takes place as a group activity, couple activity but also as an individual work. The educators attach great importance to getting the students involved in conversations to guide the students through the text. In teaching, the educators work to create a background knowledge of the text and to explain words and concepts. The strategies described are based on the educators modeling and thinking aloud about how the student can find answers in a text and make inferences. A large part of the teaching is based on finding texts and working methods that motivate and make the text comprehensible. In their work, the educators use creative methods with theatrical working methods and a personal commitment to get students' attention and create motivation. An important basis is to get to know the student, starting from a survey of the student's level and then find adapted material. The results also show that a large part of the student group has difficulty with decoding and language / listening comprehension, which are important factors for reading comprehension. The study shows that reading comprehension is not only a cognitive ability, but motivation and how one sees oneself as a reader is of crucial importance. The study's special pedagogical relevance shows that educators need to be active in text conversations and strategies to engage students in reading comprehension teaching
Co-creators or puppets? : a study on AI-marketing’s role in consumers’ value co-creation
No full textIn recent years, AI has received increased attention in the field of marketing and is believed to grow even more in the future. It seems that the use of AI in marketing has a significant impact on consumer value creation. The purpose of this thesis is to explore how consumers experience the role of AI-marketing within the scope of the online customer journey, including how both positive and negative aspects of AI-based decision aids influence their value co-creation. Based on previous research, a conceptual model was created to determine whether consumers co-create or co-destroy value in the interactions with AI-based decision aids, as well as which types of values that are the outcomes. Three focus groups were used as a qualitative method to collect empirical data. Findings resulted in two main insights. Firstly, consumers experience the role of AI-based decision aids positively and can co-create values regarding economic and efficiency benefits, facilitation of information search, and more inspiring, personal and relevant experiences. Secondly, AI-based decision aids are also perceived negatively and contribute to co-destruction of value as well. Consumers experienced negative aspects regarding manipulation, limitations and loss of integrity and autonomy, as well as risks of overspending, being misled and distracted, and having irrelevant experiences. This thesis contributes with new insights into the consumer perspective of AI-marketing. Marketers can use these results to understand consumers’ value creation and avoid the negative aspects to achieve the best possible AI-marketing strategies.
Interventions for nursing home residents with dysphagia — A Scoping Review
No full textOropharyngeal dysphagia is common in nursing home residents. The objective of this scoping review was to summarize and disseminate the findings from the literature on interventions for dysphagia in nursing home residents. Searches were conducted in four databases. The criteria for including the studies were nursing home residents, dysphagia, interventions, original research, published in English, Danish, Norwegian, or Swedish with no restriction placed regarding publication date. Excluded were literature reviews, editorial comments, conference abstracts, protocols, papersnot available in full text, and studies with a mixed population, for example, geriatric patients and nursing home residents and where the results were not separated between the groups. A total of 14 papers were included and analyzed. The included papers represented interventions focusing on feeding intervention, oral hygiene, caregiver algorithm, stimulation (taste and smell), teaching the residents what to eat, mobilization of the spine, exercises/training, and positioning. This scoping review identifies sparse knowledge about interventions affecting nursing home residents’ dysphagia. But the results indicate that multi-component interventions, including staff training, training of residents, and/or next of kin, might be successful. This scoping review clarifies that there is a need for well-designed studies that uncover which specific interventions have an effect in relation to nursing home residents with dysphagia and can serve as a guide for designing multi-component person-centered intervention studies. Future studies should implement high evidence study designs, define the measures of dysphagia, and quantify the severity of dysphagia, its underlying diseases, and comorbidities
The digitalized accounting consultant : a qualitative study of how the use of digital tools affect the consultant’s ways of working and competence needs
No full textRedovisningskonsultens framtid har, med tanke på digitaliseringen inom yrket, under de senaste åren debatterats både av organisationer och yrkesverksamma inom redovisningsbranschen. Tidigare forskningsstudier uppmärksammar digitala fenomen såsom big data, molntjänster, blockchain, artificiell intelligens, maskininlärning, data mining samt robotic process automation och utforskar hur dessa påverkar redovisningskonsulten. Något som oss veterligen inte är beforskat är vilka digitala verktyg som redovisningskonsulten använder för att hantera dessa digitala fenomen. Denna studie syftar till att, utifrån ovanstående digitala fenomen, undersöka vilka digitala verktyg som redovisningskonsulten använder i sin yrkesroll samt hur denna användning påverkar arbetssättet och kompetensbehovet. Studien har en kvalitativ ansats och har genomförts med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex olika redovisningskonsulter, som är fördelade på fyra olika revisions- och redovisningsbyråer. Resultatet av denna studie indikerar på att redovisningskonsulter använder sig av ett flertal olika digitala verktyg i sitt arbete för att hantera många av de ovanstående digitala fenomenen, men även potentiella kopplingar hur digitala fenomen kan hanteras uppmärksammas. Studien bidrar med en mer positiv inställning till hur arbetssättet förändras samt att det inte alls krävs lika stor kompetensutveckling som tidigare studier visat.Due to the digitalization within the profession, the future of accounting consultants has been discussed from both organizations and professionals within the branch of accounting the last couple of years. Previous research studies illuminate digital phenomena such as big data, cloud, blockchain, artificial intelligence, machine learning, data mining and robotic process automation and investigate how they affect the accountant. We do not know any previous research studies about which digital tools that can be used by the accounting consultant to deal with the digital phenomena. This study aims to, based on the digital phenomena mentioned above, investigate which digital tools that accounting consultants use in their profession and how it affects their ways of working and competence needs. The study has a qualitative approach and is accomplished through semi-structured interviews with six accounting consultants, from four different auditing and accounting firms. The findings of the study indicate that accounting consultants use several various digital tools in their work to manage many of the digital phenomena mentioned above, but it also pays attention to potential connections of how digital phenomena could be managed. The study contributes a more positive attitude to how the ways of working changes and that the required competence development is not as big as previous research studies have shown
Ease or excitement? Exploring how concept stores contribute to a retail portfolio
No full textPurpose – The study aims to explore how concept stores (theoretically) differ from other experience-based retail formats, and hence, how they (practically) contribute to a diversified retail store portfolio. Design/methodology/approach – Case study based on semi-structured, qualitative interviews with seven IKEA retail managers, three industry experts and 26 customers of IKEA concept stores in London and Stockholm. Findings – The concept store represents a conceptual departure from other experiential store formats. It is neither fully experiential in the sense that it is not only about marketing communications nor is it sales or profit focused. Its aim is to be an accessible touchpoint that reduces friction on a diversified customer journey with its value to the retail portfolio being that it attracts new and latent customers, mitigates existing inhibiting factors and drives them to other touchpoints. Research limitations/implications – Ideas about the different characteristics of new store formats and their potential to shape the customer experience are extended. New formats reflect innovation in retailing and are part of a retail portfolio which generates different customer expectations and determinants from traditional store formats which provide the customers’ existing reference point. Practical implications – The contributions of new formats should be evaluated in light of other existingformats in the portfolio and not isolated. This is particularly true when considering format cannibalisation and the potentially extended customer journey that arises when customers use traditional format stores and new concept format stores simultaneously. Originality/value – Previous research, using sales metrics and market-based results as performance determinants, suggests negative outcomes for format diversification. Our study suggests that the contributions of the concept store format should be viewed from an overall customer journey perspective and the “performance” of different format based touchpoints are not best captured through traditional sales evaluation methods.Funding sponsor: IKEA, Handelsrådet, Reema Singh, Marta Frasquet.</p
Play as a promoting factor with inclusion in preschool : A study of preschool teachers, childcare workers and special educators´ perceptions of play
No full textSyftet med vårt arbete är att bidra med kunskap om vilka uppfattningar specialpedagoger, förskollärare och barnskötare har om lekens betydelse för att främja inkludering av alla barn samt vilket synsätt de har på hur lärmiljön organiseras. Med kvalitativa intervjuer ville vi se hur specialpedagoger, förskollärare och barnskötare såg på lek och inkludering. Vilka likheter och olikheter går det att urskilja i intervjuerna med de olika pedagogerna. Genom att analysera resultatet utifrån ett ekologiskt systemteoretiskt och sociokulturellt perspektiv söker vi svar på våra frågeställningar samt bidrar till en fortsatt undersökning inom forskningsområdet. Vi kunde urskönja att kunskapen om vad inkludering innebär och hur man bäst tillämpar denne i förskoleverksamheter skiljer sig beroende på vilken utbildning pedagogerna har samt vilken erfarenhet pedagogerna har av att använda sig av inkludering och lek. Specialpedagog och förskollärare är de som har ett liknande tänkt angående hur, varför och vad inkludering genom leken innebär. Barnskötare ser det mer konkret och med ett visst här och nu tänkt även om denna grupp har flest antal år i verksamheten totalt. En specialpedagogisk implikation med arbetet kan vara att rektorer i förskolorna inte delar specialpedagoger och andra pedagogers perspektiv, och detta kan i slutända leda till att barn med olika svårigheter kan få en olika och ojämn utbildning. Slutsatsen vi kan dra i vår undersökning är att vilken utsträckning det skapas en inkluderande verksamhet för alla barn beror delvis på pedagogerna och deras syn på området. Specialpedagogerna arbetar aktivt för att ge pedagogerna de verktyg och redskap som behövs för att kunna utföra en så inkluderande lärmiljö som möjligt och anpassa den så lågt som det går för individerna i dem. Pedagogerna upplever det däremot som något otydligt och spretigt där deras tid och till viss del kompentens inte räcker till.The purpose of our work is to contribute knowledge about the perceptions of educators and special educator about the importance of play in promoting the inclusion of all children and their approach to inclusion. Through a qualitative interview study, we seek answers to our questions. We discern that the knowledge of what inclusion means and how best to apply them in preschool activities differs depending on the education of the educators and what experience the educators have in using inclusion and play. By using bioecological perspectives and sociocultural theory. Special education teachers and preschool teachers are those who have a similar idea of how, why and what inclusion through play means. Childcare workers see it more concretely and with a certain here and now thought even though this group has the most number of years in the business overall. The conclusion we can draw from our study is that the extent to which inclusive activities are created for all children depends in part on the educators and their view of the invironment. A difficulty can be the view teachers have at inclusion and inclusion play. The differntys can lead to an uneaven education for children whit difficulties. A continued survey may be about principals' views on inclusion in preschools
Health experience outcomes of a health promotion project for middle school pupils in Sweden
No full textThe aim was to examine middle school-aged pupils’ participation in an action-oriented school health promotion project and investigate its effects on their health experience, learning and influence. A survey was sent eight times to middle school-aged pupils (n = 105). A descriptive analysis with group comparisons was followed by a regression analysis. Health differences were found between gender and age. Aspects of pupil influence and learning about health showed positive progression during the project. Satisfaction with school performance was most associated with health experience. Thus, health experience, gender, and age are factors to consider when planning similar health promotion projects in schools