Kristianstad University
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Exchange punches, not bullets : reconciliation through combat sports
No full textBackground: While sport is often considered a vehicle for peace, the evidence for this notion is weak. There is also a vast differencein the way in which sports have been studied. Problem and aim: In light of the conflict between Ukraine and Russia, the current study investigated reconciliatory attitudes among Ukrainian athletes when facing Russian and non-Russian opponents. The aim was to explore whether sport and competition can unite combat sports athletes despite them coming from countries in conflict. Method: One hundred and fifty-six Ukrainian athletes in several different types of combat sports were recruited and divided into two groups according to whether or not they faced a Russian opponent. The groups then answered questions in regard to reconciliatory attitudes, sociopolitical hostility and aggression. Their answers were analyzed in an ANOVA and with subsequent moderation analysis with the PROCESS macro v3.1. Results and conclusions: We found that, in general, competition influenced reconciliatory attitudes in a positive way. Moreover, the effect was predicted by physical aggression, verbal aggression and anger. Additionally, hostility moderated the relationship between pre- and post-reconciliatory attitudes. However, neither nationality nor sociopolitical perception of Russia influenced reconciliatory attitudes. These findings might have implications for future research on combat sports, such as identifying individuals suitable to reconcile and the fostering of positive attitudes (peace) despite political conflict
Les fingerfoods, retrouver le plaisir de manger : Des recettes simples pour les repas et pour les encas
No full textÊtes-vous prêts à manger avec les mains ? Alors que les normes et les manières à table imposent l’utilisation des couverts pour manger, une partie des consommateurs est exclue de ce système. Avec le vieillissement de la population, les personnes âgées occupent une part de plus en plus importante dans le monde. Il est temps de les nourrir de façon adaptée. Si la génération des plus de 65 ans arrive majoritairement à utiliser des couverts, ce n’est pas le cas de toutes les personnes appartenant à cette catégorie. En effet, certains font face à des difficultés physiques les empêchant de manipuler couteaux, fourchettes, cuillères, et verres. Ces problèmes sont principalement moteurs et correspondent à un manque de contrôle de ses muscles. Le regard des autres peut être lourd pour ceux qui ne suivent pas la norme et sont obligés de manger sans couverts. Cela entraîne un retrait social et un mal-être pour une grande partie des personnes concernées. Heureusement, les mentalités peuvent évoluer et il est du rôle des professionnels de l’alimentation de participer à ce changement. Manger avec les mains peut être accepté si la nourriture est facile à prendre en main et non salissante. C’est ici que reposent les enjeux et l’ambition de ce projet. Ce n’est pas aux personnes de s’adapter mais aux aliments, en étant adéquat au niveau de la prise en main mais aussi au niveau de l’apport nutritionnel qui doit être riche en protéines pour cette population.Type de publication: Brochure de recettes.Recettes de Fingerfoods destinée aux personnes âgées ayant des difficultés à se servir de couverts. En suédois, anglais et français.Titres alternatifs: Fingerfoods, goda maträtter för att återfinna matglädjen - Enkla recept för större och mindre rätter; Fingerfoods, rediscover the pleasure of eating - Simple recipes for meals and snacks.Fingerfoods – en väg till ökad matglädje, ökad självständighet och ökat välmående bland äldr
Expanding the notion of ‘ownership’ in participatory research involving teachers and researchers
No full textThis article provides a conceptual discussion of ‘ownership’ in various forms of participatory research. The discussion is grounded in our experiences from three research projects in science education. We seek to understand how and why ownership may be distributed between teachers and researchers at different stages in the research process. Looking at our projects in retrospect, we see that ownership was differently distributed at the initial stages. Then ownership distribution followed a similar pathway, as teachers gained ownership of implementation, whereas researchers reclaimed ownership of analyzing and disseminating the work. Our discussion departs from the idea that ownership relates to both ‘risks’ and ‘benefits’ as well as to both ‘rights and obligations. Thereby, we can make visible some of the circumstances that steer ownership towards the teachers or researchers. For example, we highlight that ownership distribution may be influenced by guidelines for research ethics and inequalities in terms of administrative support structures available to researchers and teachers. Based on our discussion, we suggest a number of questions to initiate and support a continuous dialogue between teachers and researchers who plan to engage in participatory research
Norm critical teachers’ teaching from a perspective of gender equality : An interview study
No full textSkolan ska genomsyras av ett jämställdhetsperspektiv. Granskningar visar dock att det finns brister i skolors jämställdhetsarbete och det finns en rad jämställdhetsproblem i skolan. Många av problemen kan kopplas till könsnormer, varför svenska skolmyndigheter förespråkar ett normmedvetet förhållningssätt. Samtidigt visar granskningar att lärare saknar kunskap om just normer. Syftet med studien är att undersöka normmedvetna grundskollärares uppfattningar om hur ett jämställdhetsperspektiv kan genomsyra undervisningen i enlighet med vad som beskrivs i läroplanen, för att bidra med verktyg för hur lärare kan arbeta med ett jämställdhetsperspektiv på undervisningen. Studien utgår från ett normkritiskt perspektiv och består av kvalitativa intervjuer med sex grundskollärare som uppfattar sig själva som normmedvetna. Resultatet visar flera sätt på vilka normmedvetna lärare beskriver att ett jämställdhetsperspektiv kan genomsyra undervisningen: strategier för att fördela talutrymmet jämställt, reflekterande frågor för att synliggöra egna föreställningar om kön, förslag på övningar för att kritiskt granska normer om kön och etnicitet, konkreta exempel på representation i undervisningsmaterial samt tankar om hur gruppindelning och varierade arbetssätt kan bidra till jämställdhet. Lärarna utgick ofta från ett intersektionellt perspektiv, men en del lärare saknade kunskap om hur olika normer påverkar varandra. Vidare identifieras flera dilemman med ett normmedvetet jämställdhetsarbete: att synliggöra könsskillnader utan att befästa olikheter mellan könen och att normmedvetenhet tycks förutsätta en vilja att kritiskt granska sig själv, något som bygger på intresse samtidigt som det är problematiskt om jämställdhetsfrågan ses som en intressefråga. Därutöver diskuteras dilemmat att konkretisera jämställdhetsuppdraget för att bidra med verktyg och samtidigt belysa risken med att mekanisera jämställdhetsuppdraget. The school system should be permeated by a perspective of gender equality. However, studies have shown that there are shortcomings in the work being done for gender equality; and the lack of gender equality manifests itself in several issues. Many of these can be attributed to gender norms, which is why Swedish school authorities advocate a norm critical approach. Yet, surveys have shown that teachers are lacking knowledge of gender norms. The purpose of this study is to investigate the views of norm critical elementary school teachers on how a gender equality perspective could permeate teaching in accordance with what is prescribed in the curriculum, in order to provide tools for how teachers could work with gender equality in their teaching. The study is grounded in a norm critical perspective and consists of qualitative interviews with six elementary school teachers perceiving themselves to be norm critical. The results indicate several possible ways of establishing a permeating gender equality perspective on teaching: strategies for dividing the opportunity to speak gender equally; reflective questions for identifying your own notions of gender; suggestions of exercises for challenging norms about gender and ethnicity; practical examples of representation in teaching material as well as ideas about how grouping and varied ways of working can contribute to gender equality. Many teachers were grounded in an intersectional perspective, but some teachers lacked knowledge of how different norms affect each other. Furthermore, several dilemmas of a norm critical gender equality approach were identified: to make gender differences visible without consolidating differences between the genders, and that being norm critical seems to presuppose a willingness to critically question oneself. This willingness presupposes being interested in the topic, but portraying gender equality as a question of interest is problematic. Additionally, the dilemma of turning the gender equality commitment into a set of practical tools while also acknowledging the risk of mechanizing it is discussed
Interactions between dietary patterns and genetic factors in relation to incident dementia among 70-year-olds
No full textPURPOSE: To investigate potential interactions between dietary patterns and genetic factors modulating risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in relation to incident dementia. METHODS: Data were derived from the population-based Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies in Sweden, including 602 dementia-free 70-year-olds (examined 1992-93, or 2000-02; 64% women) followed for incident dementia until 2016. Two factors from a reduced rank regression analysis were translated into dietary patterns, one healthy (e.g., vegetables, fruit, and fish) and one western (e.g., red meat, refined cereals, and full-fat dairy products). Genetic risk was determined by APOE ε4 status and non-APOE AD-polygenic risk scores (AD-PRSs). Gene-diet interactions in relation to incident dementia were analysed with Cox regression models. The interaction p value threshold was < 0.1. RESULTS: There were interactions between the dietary patterns and APOE ε4 status in relation to incident dementia (interaction p value threshold of < 0.1), while no evidence of interactions were found between the dietary patterns and the AD-PRSs. Those with higher adherence to a healthy dietary pattern had a reduced risk of dementia among ε4 non-carriers (HR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.61; 0.98), but not among ε4 carriers (HR: 0.86; CI: 0.63; 1.18). Those with a higher adherence to the western dietary pattern had an increased risk of dementia among ε4 carriers (HR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.05; 1.78), while no association was observed among ε4 non-carriers (HR: 0.99; CI: 0.81; 1.21). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that there is an interplay between dietary patterns and APOE ε4 status in relation to incident dementia.Övriga forskningsfinaniserärer & strategiska forskningsprojekt:Open access funding provided by University of Gothenburg. SK was fnanced by grants from the Swedish state under the agreement between the Swedish government and the county councils, the ALF-agreement (ALFGBG-81392, ALF GBG-771071). [...] HZ is a Wallenberg Scholar supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council (2018-02532), the European Research Council (681712), Swedish State Support for Clinical Research (ALFGBG-720931), the Alzheimer Drug Discovery Foundation (ADDF), USA (201809-2016862), the AD Strategic Fund and the Alzheimer’s Association (ADSF-21-831376-C, ADSF-21-831381-C and ADSF-21-831377-C), [...] the Erling-Persson Family Foundation, [...] the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 860197 (MIRIADE), and the UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL. IS was fnanced by grants from the Swedish state under the agreement between the Swedish government and the county councils, the ALF-agreement (ALF 716681), Stena Foundation, Swedish Research Council (11267, 2005-8460, 2007-7462, 2012-5041, 2015-02830, 2019-01096, 2013-8717, NEAR 2017-00639), [...] The Alzheimer’s Association Zenith Award (ZEN-01-3151), The Alzheimer's Association Stephanie B. Overstreet Scholars (IIRG-00-2159), The Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation, Stiftelsen Söderström-Königska Sjukhemmet, [...] KB is supported by the Swedish Research Council (2017-00915), the Alzheimer Drug Discovery Foundation (ADDF), USA (RDAPB-201809-2016615), the Swedish Alzheimer Foundation (AF-742881), [...] the Swedish state under the agreement between the Swedish government and the County Councils, the ALF-agreement (ALFGBG-715986), the European Union Joint Program for Neurodegenerative Disorders (JPND2019-466-236), and the National Institute of Health (NIH), USA (grant 1R01AG068398-01). AZ was supported by the Swedish Alzheimer Foundation (AF-930582, AF-646061, AF-741361, AF-939988) [...].</p
The Swedish government’s digitalisation strategy: a knowledge promoting incentive or a trojan horse? : An ideological critique of the strategy
No full textAs the notion of digitalisation make its way further into our lives and society, the educational system must modernise – digitalise – in order to stay relevant. But where is the digitalised school heading? Drawing on governmental policy documents associated with Sweden’s national digitalisation strategy, the study aims to emphasise the political dimension of the strategy in order to analyse more fundamental questions regarding the idea and ideological function of the Swedish educational system in the late modern age. Thus, the analysis follows a conceptual framework of mainly Giddens (1991) late modernity theory in order to shed light on the strategy from the angle of Giddens institutionalised tripartite dynamics of social change: time-space distanciation, disembedding mechanisms and institutional reflexivity. Key findings are that the concept of digitalisation often is formulated as an incentive for stimulating market dynamics, retaining reflexivity and disembedding knowledge. In other words, to preserve and proceed the very nature of the late modern state, through the educational system and its student
The impact of attending an independent upper secondary school : Evidence from Sweden using school ranking data
No full textSince the 1990s, the Swedish education market has gone through a dramatic transformation due to the introduction of voucher-funded independent schools. We make use of data on school applications to condition on student preferences for independent versus public education, and estimate a positive relationship between independent upper secondary school attendance and grades, graduation rates, and post-secondary education. We however also find strong indications of more lenient grading standards in independent schools, especially in schools organized as for-profit entities and in schools with a low share of qualified teachers. Our results suggest that, although independent school attendance seems to benefit the individual students in terms of higher grades and increased transition to post-secondary studies, grade inflation in the Swedish upper secondary independent schools may be a serious problem
Covid-19 and outdoor recreation management : Increased participation, connection to nature, and a look to climate adaptation
No full textOutdoor recreation management perspectives were investigated based on the general perception of increased public outdoor recreation participation during the Covid-19 pandemic and supported by survey research at local, regional, and national levels in Sweden. There is an interest in how outdoor recreation professionals perceived outdoor recreation by the public during the pandemic and whether professionals could identify specific implications from the Covid-19/outdoor recreation experience. Climate adaptation literature supports the idea that current global challenge coupled with projections for ongoing challenge requires a pro-active approach; this turn to climate adaptation for potential consideration or guidance is based on characteristics that the Covid-19 pandemic shares with climate change. Outdoor recreational professionals' review of a recent public survey and subsequent semi-structured interviews with this group were conducted to obtain outdoor recreation professionals' detailed perceptions on survey outcomes. Results show that the professionals confirm a rapid and significant increase in outdoor recreation participation. Further, professionals identified critical trends in the increase of new or inexperienced outdoor recreation participants. A positive and proactive list of implications emerged as themes of the interviews. A review and synthesis of the themes support the national goals for outdoor recreation in Sweden. Further, results indicate a current opportunity for outdoor recreation to address concerns for diminishing nature experience and support connectedness to nature. The connectedness to nature outcome further strengthens the comparison with climate adaptation strategy given the potential relationship between connectedness to nature and pro-environmental behavior
Comparison of the 2010 and 2019 diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) in two cohorts of Swedish older adults
No full textBackground The operational definition of sarcopenia has been updated (EWGSOP2) and apply different cut-off points compared to previous criteria (EWGSOP1). Therefore, we aim to compare the sarcopenia prevalence and the association with mortality and dependence in activities of daily living using the 2010 (EWGSOP1 and 2019 (EWGSOP2 operational definition, applying cut-offs at two levels using T-scores. Methods Two birth cohorts, 70 and 85-years-old (n = 884 and n = 157, respectively), were assessed cross-sectionally (57% women). Low grip strength, low muscle mass and slow gait speed were defined below − 2.0 and − 2.5 SD from a young reference population (T-score). Muscle mass was defined as appendicular lean soft tissue index by DXA. The EWGSOP1 and EWGSOP2 were applied and compared with McNemar tests and Cohen’s kappa. All-cause mortality was analyzed with the Cox-proportional hazard model. Results Sarcopenia prevalence was 1.4–7.8% in 70-year-olds and 42–62% in 85 years-old’s, depending on diagnostic criteria. Overall, the prevalence of sarcopenia was 0.9–1.0 percentage points lower using the EWGSOP2 compared to EWGSOP1 when applying uniform T-score cut-offs (P < 0.005). The prevalence was doubled (15.0 vs. 7.5%) using the − 2.0 vs. -2.5 T-scores with EWGSOP2 in the whole sample. The increase in prevalence when changing the cut-offs was 5.7% (P < 0.001) in the 70-year-olds and 17.8% (P < 0.001) in the 85-year-olds (EWGSP2). Sarcopenia with cut-offs at − 2.5 T-score was associated with increased mortality (hazard ratio 2.4–2.8, P < 0.05) but not at T-score − 2.0. Conclusions The prevalence of sarcopenia was higher in 85-year-olds compared to 70-year-olds. Overall, the differences between the EWGSOP1 and EWGSOP2 classifications are small. Meaningful differences between EWGSOP1 and 2 in the 85-year-olds could not be ruled out. Prevalence was more dependent on cut-offs than on the operational definition.The 1944 study on 70-year-olds was financed by grants from the Swedish state under the agreement between the Swedish government and the county councils, the ALF-agreement (ALF 716681) [...]The 1930 study on 85-year-olds was fnanced by grants from the Swedish state under the agreement between the Swedish government and the county councils, the ALF-agreement (ALF 716681, 722441) [...] The Alzheimer’s Association Zenith Award (ZEN-01-3151), The Alzheimer’s Association (IIRG-09-131338). Open access funding provided by University of Gothenburg.</p
The heads of preschools way of organizing the systematic quality work : and the employees’ perception of the profession
No full textSyftet med studien är att få förståelse för hur rektorerna organiserar det systematiska kvalitetsarbetet och hur de anställda förstår detta arbete relaterat till sin yrkesroll. Det systematiska kvalitetsarbetet är någonting som kontinuerligt och systematiskt ska genomföras i förskolan. Forskning och styrdokument beskriver att det systematiska kvalitetsarbetet kan bidra till en ökad kvalité inom flera olika aspekter i verksamheten. Metoden för studien är metodkombination där kvalitativa intervjuer har genomförts med två rektorer och självadministrerade kvantitativa enkäter har delats ut till 20 anställda, där det blev ett bortfall på sju anställda. Deltagande i studien är två rektorer, åtta förskollärare och fem barnskötare. Rektorernas utsagor har enskilt analyserats, men också jämförts. Den ena rektorns utsagor har ställts mot med hennes anställda för att synliggöra möjligheter för utvecklande av organisationen av det systematiska kvalitetsarbetet. Resultatet har analyserats med hjälp av systemteorin för att få en djupare förståelse för rektorernas organisation av det systematiska kvalitetsarbetet och hur förskolan fungerar som ett system med de tre valda yrkesrollerna. Resultatet visar på att rektorernas uppfattning av det systematiska kvalitetsarbetet kan liknas vid varandra men också utifrån de beskrivningar skolverket formulerat. Däremot visar resultatet på stora skillnader i deras sätt att organisera detta arbete. Resultatet av de olika yrkesrollernas uppfattning av det systematiska kvalitetsarbetet visar på att det finns en övergripande förståelse för detta uppdrag.