Kristianstad University
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Factors influencing concordance of PD-L1 expression between biopsies and cytological specimens in non-small cell lung cancer
No full textPD-L1 expression assessed by immunohistochemical staining is used for the selection of immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Appropriate validation of PD-L1 expression in cytology specimens is important as cytology is often the only diagnostic material in NSCLC. In a previous study comprising two different cohorts of paired biopsies and cytological specimens, we found a fairly good cyto-histological correlation of PD-L1 expression in one, whereas only a moderate correlation was found in the other cohort. Therefore, that cohort with additional new cases was now further investigated for the impact of preanalytical factors on PD-L1 concordance in paired biopsies and cytological specimens. A total of 100 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cell blocks from 19 pleural effusions (PE), 17 bronchial brushes (BB), and 64 bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and concurrent matched biopsies from 80 bronchial biopsies and 20 transthoracic core biopsies from NSCLC patients were stained using the PD-L1 28-8 assay. Using the cutoffs ≥1%, ≥5%, ≥10%, and ≥50% positive tumour cells, the overall agreement between histology and cytology was 77-85% (κ 0.51-0.70) depending on the applied cutoff value. The concordance was better for BALs (κ 0.53-0.81) and BBs (κ 0.55-0.85) than for PEs (κ -0.16-0.48), while no difference was seen for different types of biopsies or histological tumour type. A high number of tumour cells (>500) in biopsies was associated with better concordance at the ≥50% cutoff. In conclusion, the study results suggest that PEs may be less suitable for evaluation of PD-L1 due to limited cyto-histological concordance, while a high amount of tumour cells in biopsies may be favourable when regarding cyto-histological PD-L1 concordance.This research was funded by the Regional Agreement on Medical Training and Clinical Research (ALF), grant number 13733, Regional Research and Development funding (FoU), grantnumbers 13793, HALLAND-934928, HALLAND-938256, HALLAND-938539, HALLAND-960551, and SKÅNE-2020/0169, [...]. The funding sources had no role in the design or conduct of the study.</p
Think, speak, show… sketch! : a concept-driven design reasearch exploring how a computer aided design tool could promote idea development in collaborative sketching
No full textSkisser är enkla och värdefulla gestaltningsformer för idéutveckling som kan formas med olika verktyg för design. De kan användas vid problemlösning och kommunikation samt vid enskilt- och kollaborativt skissande oberoende av användarens kompetens om design. Problem kan uppstå om kollaborativt skissande sker oberoende av tid och plats samt i datorstödda verktyg för design som kräver någon form av kompetens om design för att kunna hanteras. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur ett datorstött verktyg för design skulle kunna utformas i syfte att främja idéutveckling under kollaborativt skissande utifrån användarupplevelsen. Med hjälp av konceptdriven designforskning har ett koncept för mobila enheter utformats utifrån kritik och teoretisk förankring. Konceptets skissprocesser testades av sex deltagare med olika kompetens om design. Resultatet visar att deltagarna ser fördelar med att använda ett datorstött verktyg för design för att främja kollaborativt skissande för att tänka, tala och förmedla idéer, oberoende av tid, plats och kompetens om design
Improving assessments of connection to nature : a participatory approach
No full textExperiences in nature benefit humans in a variety of ways, including increasing health and well-being, reducing stress, inspiring creativity, enhancing learning, and fostering environmental stewardship values. These experiences help define the relationship people have with nature which is often correlated with a person’s level of environmental concern as well as their engagement in pro-environmental behaviors. A more informed understanding of the ways in which interactions with the natural environment can foster connection to nature requires that we are able to measure our perceived relationship to the environment. Dozens of tools measure people’s connection to nature—the strength of those perceived relationships with the natural world. Although the tools have been primarily developed to answer research questions, practitioners are increasingly interested in understanding whether and in what ways their work— in areas including environmental education, urban planning, and park management, for example—influences people’s connection to nature. In 2018, we launched a participatory process involving researchers and practitioners in a review of existing connection to nature assessment tools with the intention of identifying tools that would be useful to practitioners, as well as defining needs in research. This paper chronicles the process’s outcomes, including a discussion of opportunities for future research
Välbefinnandet hos kabinpersonal efter uppsägning på grund av Covid-19 : En kvalitativ studie på hur välbefinnandet har påverkats hos kabinpersonal som blivit uppsagda pågrund av Covid-19
No full textSyftet med studien är att studera konsekvenserna av uppsägningar på kabinpersonal inom flygbranschen som skett på grund av Covid-19. Tidigare forskning pekar på att uppsägningar har en negativ inverkan på individer som blivit uppsagda och att de berördas hälsa kan påverkas både psykiskt och socialt. Som utgångspunkt för vår studie har vi använt olika studier och teorier, bland annat Aaron Antonovskys salutogena teori (1996). Den handlar om faktorer människan behöver för att ha en känsla av sammanhang, och därmed må bra. Teorin består av tre hälsokomponenter, meningsfullhet, begriplighet och hanterbarhet. Studien har haft en kvalitativ ansats i form av semistrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer. Åtta personer med olika kön, åldrar och arbetslivserfarenheter har intervjuats. Informanterna har valts utifrån ett bekvämlighets- och snöbollsurval. Genom analysarbete har vi kunnat identifiera olika teman som våra informanter återkommande berörde under våra intervjuer. Studiens resultat visar att många av våra informanter fortfarande identifierar sig med yrkesrollen och samtliga vill återvända till arbetet så fort chansen ges även om många funnit nya utmaningar och gått vidare i sina liv. De mest framträdande faktorerna till varför arbetet uppskattades så mycket var den ekonomiska faktorn, den sociala faktorn samt livsstilen som arbetet medfört. När uppsägningen uppstod, hamnade flera av informanterna i någon form av depression. I efterhand berättar de att uppsägningen bidragit till att de känner sig mentalt starkare. Detta då informanterna haft tid och ork att fokusera på sin psykiska hälsa och sitt eget välbefinnande
Pharmaceutical occurrence in wastewater and surface water in UNESCO Biosphere Reserve Kristianstads vattenrike
No full textIn this project the release of 15 pharmaceuticals from three different WWTPs into three different recipients inKristianstad Municipality, Region Skåne was investigated. All three WWTPs are situated within the borders of thefirst UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in Sweden, Kristianstads Vattenrike – “Vattenriket®”, established in 2005. Pharmaceutical included were: 1. Atenolol 2. Azithromycin 3. Carbamazepine 4. Ciprofloxacin 5. Clarithromycin 6. Diclofenac 7. Erythromycin 8. Estrone 9. Ibuprofen 10. Naproxen 11. Metoprolol 12. Propranolol 13. Oxazepam 14. Paracetamol 15. SulfamethoxazoleProject MORPHEUS 2017–201
In between special needs teachers and students : paraprofessionals work in self-contained classrooms for students with intellectual disabilities in Sweden
No full textBased on street-level bureaucracy, this study investigates the paraprofessional role and assignments in self-contained classrooms for students with intellectual disabilities in Sweden. The research design contains a mixed method approach using a digital questionnaire for paraprofessionals (N = 60) and semi-structured interviews with four special teachers and five paraprofessionals. The results demonstrate that paraprofessionals cooperate with special needs teachers and have a supportive role working with students throughout the day. A lack of support for paraprofessionals’ professional development and few opportunities for them to co-plan, co-teach and co-assess with special needs teachers is said to hinder this advancement. The complexity of being both an educator in the classroom and a caregiver taking the responsibility for students’ wellbeing, peer-to-peer relations and care orientated work tasks are discussed
Implementation of the international public sector accounting standards in Europe. Variations on a global theme
No full textAs part of introducing accrual accounting in the public sector, many governments have – voluntarily – implemented the International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) for financial reporting. Amongst other claimed benefits, IPSAS have been argued to facilitate comparison of adopters’ financial reports and to lead tofavourable conditions on credit markets. However, governments that are confronted with the implementation decision face a trade-off between unaltered adoption, partial adoption, adaptation and non-adoption of standards. Drawing on insights from the literature on standardization and practice variation, this paper analyses the reasons, expressed by various actors from nine European countries, for deviating from implementing unaltered IPSAS and proposes a taxonomy of these reasons. The results show that, first, substantial deviations exist, and second, there is a plethora of reasons for them. These deviations are presented and then structured in the further course of the paper. As a consequence of deviations, achieving comparability as the central aim of standardization runs the risk of being undermined
IoT smart athletics : Boxing glove sensors implementing machine learning for an integrated training solution
No full textIt is very common in everyday life for people to use data generated by sensors like accelerometers and gyroscopes, whether they are on the mobile phone, smartwatch or other smart devices, for analysis of their movement or tracking their habits. This study is focused on boxing, and proposes a test where the generated data are put through machine learning algorithms in order to output information on the type of punch thrown by the user. Furthermore, the possibility of implementing ML on Android is examined. This thesis was performed by conducting a literature study, and an experimental study. For the literature study, researches similar to this were examined to gather information and insight on what the most common practices are, regarding the setup of the device used to collect the data, both in terms of sensor placement on the body and sensor setup like the optimal data output rates. The experimental part was conducted using custom hardware implementing an accelerometer and a gyroscope in which the wearer of this device would proceed to throw 6 types of punches (jab, cross, left & right uppercut, and left & right hook) to generate the data to be analyzed. It was technically possible to use Android for ML, but it was the least optimum way to execute the algorithms, so a PC was used instead. After putting the data through multiple ML algorithms, the results show that with our current hardware set up it was not possible for the ML algorithms to adequately classify the type of punches with mediocre accuracy scores ranging from 37.37% - 59.16% depending on the algorithm
Isolated and sad, how an mHealth application can be designed to help with mental health related issues during isolation : How design can offer more possibilities to get help
No full textSyftet med uppsatsen var att undersöka hur man med hjälp av digital design kan stödja den psykiska hälsan hos individer i USA under Covid-19 pandemin. Covid-19 är den första pandemin som utspelar sig i ett utvecklat digitalt samhälle där både mHealth/telehealth-design är välstuderat. Studien undersöker specifikt hur designelement för en mHealth-applikation kanen mHealth-applikation kan stödja en stor grupp användare under en global pandemi. Uppsatsen undersöker hur design kan öka användandet av mHealth för att söka hjälp mot psykisk ohälsa, som uppstått på grund av isolering till följd av den amerikanska statens riktlinjer under Covid-19 pandemin. Med hjälp av tidigare forskning gällande designriktlinjer för mHealth-applikationer, inkluderande design och element att tänka på när man designar applikationer för psykisk ohälsa, framtogs en prototyp av en mHealth-applikation. Denna prototyp testades därefter av sex respondenter som alla lider av depression till följd av isolering. Efter think aloud-observation under testandet av prototypen genomfördes en kvalitativ intervju för att undersöka respondenternas upplevelse av applikationen. Resultatet av studien påpekar vikten av användarens integritet, inkluderande design och element som efterfrågats i tidigare studier av mHealth-applikationer. Dessa resultat stödjer också de åtaganden tidigare forskninglagt fram och i sin tur visar denna studie att en mobilapplikation kan designas föratt stödja människor med deras psykiska ohälsa i relation till Covid-19 isoleringen.The goal of this thesis was to investigate how the use of digital design could help people with their mental health during the covid-19 pandemic. Covid-19 is the first and only pandemic where both mHealth and telehealth design has been well developed. Our thesis explores how design elements can increase the will of users to use mHealth applications, especially for users whose mental health has been impacted by covid-19 restrictions in the United States. Based on the scientific articles regarding mHealth design, a prototype was made. This includes inclusive design and design elements focused on people with mental health struggles. The prototype was tested by six users who all reported feeling down because of isolation during covid-19. During the study, users were asked to test the prototype and ‘think aloud’, followed by a qualitative interview to better understand the user’s experience, feelings, and thoughts on the prototype. The results show the importance of a patient's integrity, the importance of inclusive design, and the appreciation of certain design elements. The results are in line with results from previous research and offer evidence on how to design a mHealth application to support people with their mental health during a pandemic