Kristianstad University
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How the COVID-19 pandemic affects physical store frontline employees
No full textThe physical store frontline employees are the link between the organization and the customers. During 2020 the COVID-19 pandemic has had different effect on different retail sectors, some have had their worst results while ICA Maxi stores have increased their sales. This dissertation aimed to explore challenges the frontline employees and their store managers perceive they face during the COVID-19 pandemic in the retail store context. In order to explore these challenges semi structured interviews were conducted at an ICA Maxi store in the south of Sweden. The study found that the frontline employees are not involved in the decision-making process, that the leaders support is important for initiatives to be successful, and that there was no additional training for the frontline employees due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We draw the conclusion that while frontline employees are not included in the formal decision-making, they are still able to raise their concerns with their managers. We also draw the conclusion that managerial support is important when implementing initiatives for the frontline employees. Finally, we draw the conclusion that none of the frontline employees felt the need for any additional training. This study contributes to the scarce amount of research from the frontline employee perspective in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Practically, this study could be of value for store managers in order to enhance the customer interaction from a frontline employee point of view
To shop or not to shop? : A study on consumers' motivation for visiting physical retail stores during Covid-19 and how it is justified
No full textCovid-19 has affected people’s lives due to the restrictions and recommendations. The Swedish public health authority urged the residents to abstain from being in indoor environments such as stores, therefore is the action seen as a misbehaviour. Meanwhile, city centres are dying, therefore are the consumers facing a difficult dilemma. The purpose of the present thesis was to investigate why consumers chose to shop in PRS during the pandemic and how the behaviour was justified. The thesis was written from a consumer's perspective and focuses on generation Z. The theoretical framework was based on hedonic and utilitarian motivations, which explains the consumers' motivation to shop in PRS while the Neutralization theory explains how the actions were justified. A qualitative study was used, and the empirical data was collected through a time- and event-contingent diary design. 17 participants were chosen through a convenience sample. A combination between three theories map out how consumers reasoning throughout the process. The findings showed that the pandemic had an impact on consumers behaviour and that both hedonic and utilitarian motivations affect consumer intentions to shop in PRS. The findings also showed that consumers frequently justified their action by referring to the fact that the restrictions and recommendations were followed. We also found a pattern on how different motivations are justified similarly
To create a relationship, you need to build up a trust : A qualitative study of the importance of relationships in the SENCOs role as a supervisor
No full textI denna studie undersöker vi specialpedagogers tankar kring relationers betydelse i deras roll som handledare för lärare. Vi utforskar även relationella faktorer som främjar ett bra samarbete med lärare. Vår teoretiska förankring är relationell pedagogik och studien tar utgångspunkt i såväl svensk som internationell forskning i ämnet. Undersökningsmetoden vi använder är kvalitativa, semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem specialpedagoger i skola och förskola. Resultaten av intervjuerna sammanställs och presenteras utifrån fyra teman som vi funnit i svaren från specialpedagogerna. I innehållsanalysen och tolkningen av resultaten utgår vi ifrån vår valda teori, relationell pedagogik, och i vår diskussion tar vi avstamp utifrån litteratur om perspektiv på handledning samt tidigare forskning om relationskompetens inom handledningssituationer. Resultaten i vår studie belyser att samtliga specialpedagoger framhåller att goda relationer mellan dem och de handledda pedagogerna är en viktig del i deras arbete. Vidare indikerar resultaten att dialog och samtal är avgörande för att skapa relationer. Att skapa förtroende, vara ödmjuk, uppmuntrande, lyhörd, inlyssnande, nyfiken, tydlig, respektera varandra samt vara genuint intresserad av vad pedagogerna har att säga, är några relationella faktorer som specialpedagogerna anser vara viktiga att bemästra för att skapa och bygga relationer med de lärare som de handleder. En annan upptäckt som görs i studien är att relationsskapandet för specialpedagogen är en kombination mellan ontologisk och instrumentell relationsorientering, (Kullenberg & Eksath, 2017), samt en kombination mellan "det mellanmänskliga" och " det sociala" inom relationer (Bubers teori i Aspelin, 2016). Det vill säga relationer byggs och upprätthålls genom att specialpedagogerna är tillmötesgående och genom spontana samtal där man lär känna varandra på ett personligt och naturligt sätt. Samtidigt anser de att man måste vara tydlig, göra några avgränsningar och visa varandra respekt. Här arbetar specialpedagogerna målmedvetet med att skapa relationer med syftet att få ett bra samarbete med lärarna för att hitta lösningar till deras gemensamma elever. In this study, we examine special educationals needs co-ordinators (SENCO) thoughts about the importance of relationships in their role as coaches for teachers. We also explore relational factors that promote good collaboration with teachers. Our theoretical foundation is relational pedagogy and the study is based on both Swedish and international research in the subject. The research method method we use is qualitative, semi-structured interviews with five SENCOs in school and preschool. The results of the interviews are compiled and presented based on four themes that we have found in the answers from the SENCOs. In the content analysis and interpretation of the results, is based on our chosen theory, relational pedagogy, and in our discussion is based on literature on perspectives on coaching and previous research on relational competence in coaching situations. The results of our study highlight that all SENCOs emphasize that good relations between them and the educators they coach are an important part of their work. Furthermore, the results indicate that dialogue and conversation are crucial for creating relationships. Creating trust, being humble, encouraging, responsive, listening, curious, clear, respecting each other and being genuinely interested in what educators have to say, are some relational factors that SENCO consider important to master in creating and building relationships with teachers they coach. A conclusion drawn in the study is that for a SENCO building relations means a combination between ontological and instrumental relationship orientation (Kullenberg & Eksath, 2017) and a combination of "the interpersonal" and "the social" in relationships (Bubers teori i Aspelin, 2016). That is, relationships are built and maintained by the SENCOs being accommodating and through spontaneous conversations where you get to know each other in a personal and natural way. At the same time, they believe that you have to be clear, make some boundaries and show each other respect. Here, the SENCOs work purposefully to create relationships with the aim of having a good collaboration with the teachers to find solutions for their common students.
Paradoxical intention for insomnia : A systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textParadoxical intention (PI) has been considered an evidence-based treatment for insomnia since the 1990s, but it has not been evaluated with modern review techniques such as meta-analysis. The present study aimed to conduct the first systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that explore the effectiveness of PI for insomnia on insomnia symptomatology and theory-derived processes. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by searching for eligible articles or dissertations in six online bibliographic databases. Randomised controlled trials and experimental studies comparing PI for insomnia to active and passive comparators and assessing insomnia symptoms as outcomes were included. A random effects model was estimated to determine the standardised mean difference Hedge's g at post-treatment. Test for heterogeneity was performed, fail-safe N was calculated, and study quality was assessed. The study was pre-registered at International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, CRD42019137357). A total of 10 trials were identified. Compared to passive comparators, PI led to large improvements in key insomnia symptoms. Relative to active comparators, the improvements were smaller, but still moderate for several central outcomes. Compared to passive comparators, PI resulted in great reductions in sleep-related performance anxiety, one of several proposed mechanisms of change for PI. PI for insomnia resulted in marked clinical improvements, large relative to passive comparators and moderate compared to active comparators. However, methodologically stronger studies are needed before more firm conclusions can be drawn
Students’ use of justifications in socioscientific argumentation
No full textResearch focusing on students’ argumentation in socioscientific issues (SSI) shows that students tend to base their arguments on values rather than knowledge. This study explores Swedish upper secondary chemistry students’ written argumentation. The data consists of student texts written at the end of an intervention designed to develop skills related to high quality argumentation. The results show that after being taught about argumentation and the context of SSI, students mainly base their arguments on content knowledge. Value justifications are present in students’ texts, but constitute a smaller proportion. Beside content knowledge- and value justifications, we found a third category – “reasoning” – in which students draw conclusions, or make predictions of future events, to support or refute a claim. The justifications in the argumentative texts include a breadth of subject areas in which chemistry knowledge plays an important role. This study suggests that content knowledge constitutes an important part in student argumentation
What drives climate action in Canada’s Provincial North? Exploring the role of connectedness to nature, climate worry, and talking with friends and family
No full textDespite widespread calls to action from the scientific community and beyond, a concerning climate action gap exists. This paper aims to enhance our understanding of the role of connectedness to nature in promoting individual-level climate action in a unique setting where climate research and action are lacking: Canada’s Provincial North. To begin to understand possible pathways, we also examined whether climate worry and talking about climate change with family and friends mediate the relationship between connectedness to nature and climate action. We used data collected via postal surveys in two Provincial North communities, Thunder Bay (Ontario), and Prince George (British Columbia) (n = 628). Results show that connectedness to nature has a direct positive association with individual-level climate action, controlling for gender and education. Results of parallel mediation analyses further show that connectedness to nature is indirectly associated with individual-level climate action, mediated by both climate worry and talking about climate change with family and friends. Finally, results suggest that climate worry and talking about climate change with family and friends serially mediate the relationship between connectedness to nature and with individual-level climate action. These findings are relevant for climate change engagement and action, especially across Canada’s Provincial North, but also in similar settings characterized by marginalization, heightened vulnerability to climate change, urban islands within vast rural and remote landscapes, and economies and social identities tied to resource extraction. Drawing on these findings, we argue that cultivating stronger connections with nature in the places where people live, learn, work, and play is an important and currently underutilized leverage point for promoting individual-level climate action. This study therefore adds to the current and increasingly relevant calls for (re-)connecting with nature that have been made by others across a range of disciplinary and sectoral divides.This article belongs to the Special Issue Anthropogenic Climate Change: Social Science PerspectivesThis research was funded by The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, grant number 1466071.</p
“We are fighting it together” : A literature review about caregivers’ experience of care meetings with people with eating disorders
No full textBakgrund: Ätstörningar är en psykiatrisk sjukdom som drabbar främst unga personer. Bland psykiatriska tillstånd har anorexia nervosa den högsta mortaliteten. Vårdpersonalen står ofta inför utmaningar då personerna sällan inser att de behöver vård. Vårdmötet skildras utifrån vården, förhållningssättet och relationen som uppstår. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva vårdpersonalens erfarenhet av vårdmötet med personer med ätstörningar. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie baserad på 12 kvalitativa artiklar utifrån databaser med huvudämnen omvårdnad och psykiatrisk omvårdnad. Granskning av artiklarna utfördes med hjälp av HKR:s granskningsmall för kvalitativa artiklar. Analysen genomfördes enligt Fribergs (2017) trestegsmodell. Resultat: Erfarenheterna om vårdmötet delades in i fem kategorier. Kategorierna var relationen har betydelse och kräver gränssättning, utifrån personernas handlingssätt ändras personalens förhållningssätt, måltidsövervakning innebär en stödjande funktion, kunskap har en positiv inverkan vid utförandet av tvångsinsatser och att ge och ta kontroll medför svårigheter i vårdprocessen. Diskussion: Metoddiskussionen utgår från Shentons (2004) trovärdighetsbegrepp. Tre fynd lyfts i resultatdiskussionen vilka var förhållningssättets påverkan av beteende och värderingar, behov av kunskap vid tvångsinsatser och den privata relationens påverkan i omvårdnaden. Fynden diskuteras utifrån omvårdnadsteorier, etiska aspekter och samhällsperspektiv.
The impact of dance activities on the health of persons with Parkinson’s disease in Sweden
No full textPurpose: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with motor and non-motor symptoms that negatively influence the person’s quality of life. To reduce illness and increase quality of life, alternative treatments of PD such as dance might be experienced as beneficial. The aim of this study was to explore experiences of how a dance program in Sweden influences perceived physical, social, and emotional wellbeing in persons with PD. Method: A qualitative method with semi-structured interviews and content analysis was used, and 10 participants with variations in age, gender, and how long they had been diagnosed with the disease were interviewed. Results: The results showed that dancing was experienced as improving health, which implied feeling both calmed and excited, getting better sleep, and being able to move with more focus and freedom. The dance program was experienced as a social context through the importance of community, feelings of togetherness, and being able to compare oneself with others. Experiences of self-support included experiencing increased self-esteem and joy, but also a sense of being confirmed and having structure, which gave meaning to everyday life. Conclusions: To reduce illness and increase quality of life in persons with PD, it is important to investigate alternative treatment methods, and this study shows the importance of participating in a dance program in Sweden for the life situation and health of people with PD
To what extent do teachers feel they are equipped to help children and young people aged 11–16 who self-harm? A qualitative study
No full textThis chapter will briefly review some of the literature on self-harm, its prevalence, relevant national policies, and research with teachers, before reporting the findings of a qualitative study conducted in 2016 which investigated how prepared secondary-school teachers were dealing with young people who self-harm.This work was sponsored by the Florence Nightingale Foundation and Charlie Waller Memorial Trust Research Scholarship 2016-2017.</p
I skärlinjen mellan funktionsnedsättning och mobbning och dessa barns psykiska hälsa
No full textVi är sociala individer, relationer med andra är drivkraften, det centrala i mänsklig anpassning och också grunden till lycka, vi som människor behöver känna tillhörighet och uppskattning (Rudolph, Lansford och Rodkin, 2016). Att inte få vara med är smärtsamt, att känna att man inte duger kan leda till en maladaptiv utveckling och sämre psykisk hälsa. Att få uppleva att man aktivt exkluderas, att man knuffas, eller kallas namn, sådant gör ont och kan skapa långvariga sår i själen. Om detta dessutom sker ofta, att det sker av personer som är mer gillade i den kontext man är i, eller att de är flera skapar också en känsla av maktlöshet. Att detta är fallet och att det är något många bearbetar länge kan nog också ses i den mängd med böcker och filmer där offer och förövare på olika sätt porträtteras. Sverige har länge stoltserat med att vi har låga nivåer av mobbning i skolan, lägre än i andra länder. På sistone har andelen individer som upplever att de blir mobbade i svenska skolan ökat (Bjereld, Augustine och Thornberg, 2020). Detta kan bero på flera saker, medvetenhet, hur man mäter, men sannolikt så visar det på en verklig förändring som skett. Detta då svenska studier över lag, användande olika studier och olika definitioner alla pekar på en uppgång de senaste 10 åren (Bjereld med fler, 2020), även om ökning är från låga nivåer och Sverige fortfarande ses som ett föredöme rörande frågor rörande mobbning (UNESCO, 2019)