Kristianstad University
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Towards dialogic metaphors of learning : from socialization to authoring
No full textThe background of the article is an interest in theories of learning and the metaphors of learning they build on and propagate. The basic argument is that the discursive construction of learning plays a central role in theoretical perspectives in research but also in discussions of societal issues in a wider sense. An initial observation is that current metaphors of learning oscillate between emphasizing socializing/reproductive dimensions and perspectives which foreground new-thinking transformations of existing collective knowledge; the culturally given. Hence, our aim is to explore conceptions of learning underpinning dominant theoretical perspectives as behaviorism, cognitivism, pragmatism, and various sociocultural traditions, in the light of this theoretical tension. Our conclusion is that the views of communication and learning inherent to the radical dialogic perspective on communication that stresses the unfinalizable nature of knowing, offered by Bakhtin, add to our understanding of how learning may be conceptualized in contemporary society. Such a dialogic perspective, emphasizing open-ended agency, plurality of voices, and performative potentials of creatively expressing opinions when learning from each other, offers a perspective on learning worth considering in times of diversity, unpredictable risks, and the need for critical self-reflexivity.
Nursing staff's experience of appearance issues in various nursing situations
No full textBACKGROUND: Health care professionals frequently interact with unknown patients in a process involving appearance-based judgements and priority-setting, all of which has an effect on health care equality. The healthcare provider-patient interaction is also highly relevant for the awareness and support of patients' appearance concerns, with an associated possibility for improving patients' satisfaction with their appearance and health. The aim was therefore to explore nursing staff's experience of patients' appearance issues in various nursing situations, with the purpose to facilitate awareness raising and knowledge development. METHOD: A qualitative research approach with focus group interviews was chosen due to the exploratory aim of the study. Five semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted with 24 nursing staff in total (19 women and five men). The participants' ages varied (20 to 45 years) as did their professional nursing experience. The interviews lasted approximately one hour, were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed through thematic analysis. RESULTS: The thematic analysis resulted in the two themes Patient perspective and Professional nursing role, with associated subthemes. The findings showed the importance and impact of appearance issues in nursing situations and how these are linked to the health of the patients. Some groups of patients were identified as more vulnerable than others, which was associated with health care inequalities and health disparities. Value-based strategies along with knowledge, and skills for holistic person-centred care were identified as important resources for the development of appearance-related awareness and support in various nursing situations. CONCLUSION: Strategies for improvement can be realised through the educational system for nursing staff, but mainly by using collective reflective learning forums in different workplaces. An empowerment approach is considered a useful framework for the implementation of holistic person-centred care, functioning as a resource for appearance-related awareness and support in various nursing situations. However, more research is needed on the complex and challenging phenomenon of appearance issues in nursing situations. Knowledge development related to successful person-centred strategies for appearance-related awareness and support is important, especially strategies with a salutogenic perspective
Planed exterior panels : Cultural heritage that requires forestry quality considerations
No full textArbetet strävar efter ett landskapsperspektiv på erfarenhetsmässigt byggande. För en djupare förståelse för skogs- och byggnadskulturen har kulturarvet hyvlad utvändig panel undersökts. Med en kvalitativ metod har skogsbrukare, hantverkare och råvaruförädlare fått fördjupa förståelsen för ett hållbart nyttjande av skogsresurser genom ett hållbart byggande. Att bygga med trä räknas som bättre ur klimatsynpunkt än att bygga med betong. Detta arbete öppnar för slutsatsen att det kan vara mer hållbart att bygga med tradition och därmed kvalitetsvirke för landskapets uthållighet. Från ett landskapsperspektiv finns det enligt arbetet skäl att ifrågasätta hur miljömål och omställningsarbete tar hänsyn till traditionella kulturarv i skog och bebyggelse. Med rådande skogspolitik tillsammans med en statlig önskan om mer byggande i trä riskeras kulturhantverkare och skogsägare att uteslutas från det omfattande omställningsarbete vi står inför. En rationell hantering av landskap är lätt att räkna på i mål och styrmedelsarbete men riskerar att få oanade konsekvenser. En erfarenhetsbeprövad kvalitativ byggnadskultur som kan representeras i panelarkitekturen som detta arbete undersöker kan vara en av många vägar framåt för ett känt hållbart byggande och skapa efterfrågan på hållbar skogs- och virkeshantering. This paper aims to start a discussion about the forest as a producer of quality building materials, where the cultural heritage of planed panels is the gateway to a deeper understanding of future building- and forestry culture in Sweden. Using a qualitative research method, carpenters, foresters and raw materials processors have been asked to give their views on the current situation and the future of sustainable use of forest resources through sustainable construction. The paper aims to give a landscape perspective on experiential construction. Building with wood is regarded as better from a climate point of view than building with concrete. The paper broadens the conclusion that it could even be more sustainable to build with tradition and thus quality timber
Subjective health, physical activity, body image and school wellbeing among adolescents in south of Sweden
No full textThis study aimed to investigate subjective health and its associations with perceived body image (body appearance and body functioning), physical activity, perceived wellbeing in school, perceived family financial situation, and body mass index among 13- to 15-year-old boys and girls. The study was a cross-sectional study performed in four municipalities in Southern Sweden. Data were obtained from questionnaires completed by adolescents (median age 14; range: 13–15) in Sweden (n = 1518, 51% girls), with a participation rate of 73%. Body weight and body height were measured by school nurses and body mass index was calculated. Logistic regression analyses were carried out with subjective health as the dependent variable. Independent variables included in the model were perceived wellbeing in school, perceived family financial situation, perceived body image, physical activity, body mass index, sex, and residency. Variables significantly associated with good subjective health were good wellbeing in school, a perceived good family financial situation, perceived positive body appearance, perceived positive body functioning, being a boy, and high physical activity. Residency and body mass index were not associated with subjective health. Good subjective health is associated with good wellbeing in school, good family financial situation, positive body image, and high physical activity levels. The results highlight the importance of good school climates, the promotion of positive body image, and increased physical activity for adolescents
Qualified conversations in language-writing and reading development : A study of conversation assignments of special education teachers
No full textBackground: The school's mission is to promote the development and learning of all students and that special consideration should be given to those who have difficulty achieving the purpose of the studies. One way to find ways to support all learning is through conversations with special education teachers. According to the degree ordinance, the special education teacher with a specialization in language reading and writing development must be a qualified conversation partner regarding the same. My problem area is about the special education teacher's role as a qualified conversation partner and counsellor in matters of language, reading and writing development. The purpose of this work is to contribute knowledge about how some teachers, principals and special education teachers describe the special teacher's relational competence in the role of qualified conversation partner and advisor in matters of language, reading and writing development. Method in the study is semi-structured interviews of six respondents. Two special education teachers, two teachers and two principals. The interview results have been analyzed on the basis of Aspelin's (2018) analytics relational competence and on the basis of KoRP, the communicative relational perspective (Ahlberg, 1999). The results show that all respondents give examples of relational competence in the special education teachers. It also emerges that the special education teacher, in consultative conversations, is perceived as clear and structured. Half of the respondents feel that the conversations are important for the teaching of Swedish, and one of them states that he always makes changes in his teaching after the conversations. Conclusions: Both special teachers want to see more profound changes in the classroom after conversations. I see it as important that the special education teacher, with the support of the school management, is given the opportunity to develop their conversational role together with colleagues in continuing education. In different ways, the special education teacher's conversational role, for example through observations of classroom work and subsequent conversations, needs to be developed. The special education teacher’s importance as a conversation partner for language writing and reading development in school should be clarified and worked into the daily work at school.Bakgrunden: Skolans uppdrag är att främja alla elevers utveckling och lärande och att särskild hänsyn ska tas till de som har svårt att nå målen. Ett sätt att utveckla former för att stödja alla elevers lärande är genom samtal med speciallärare. Enligt examensordningen ska specialläraren med inriktning mot språk- skriv-och läsutveckling vara en kvalificerad samtalspartner och rådgivare gällande detsamma. Mitt problemområde handlar om innebörden av speciallärarens roll som kvalificerad samtalspartner och rådgivare inom språk- skriv och läsutveckling. Syftet med detta arbete är att bidra med kunskap om hur några lärare, rektorer och speciallärare beskriver speciallärarens relationskompetens i rollen som kvalificerad samtalspartner och rådgivare i frågor om språk- skriv- och läsutveckling. Metod i studien är semistrukturerade intervjuer av sex respondenter. Två speciallärare, två lärare samt två rektorer. Intervjusvaren har analyserats utifrån Aspelins (2018) analysverktyg relationskompetens samt utifrån KoRP, det kommunikativa relationsinriktade perspektivet (Ahlberg, 1999). Resultaten visar att alla respondenter ger exempel på relationskompetens hos speciallärarna. Det framkommer även att specialläraren, i rådgivande samtal, upplevs som tydlig och strukturerad. Hälften av respondenterna upplever att samtalen har betydelse för undervisningen i svenska, och av dem är det en som uppger att han alltid gör förändringar i sin undervisning efter samtalen.Slutsatser: Båda speciallärarna önskar se mer djupgående förändringar i klassrummet efter samtal. Att specialläraren, med skolledningens stöd, får möjlighet att utveckla sin samtalsroll tillsammans med kollegor i fortbildningar ser jag som viktigt. På olika sätt behöver speciallärarens samtalsroll, t ex genom observationer av klassrumsarbete och därpå följande samtal utvecklas. Speciallärarens betydelse som samtalspartner för språk- skriv - och läsutveckling i skolan bör tydliggöras och arbetas in i det dagliga arbetet på skolan
Duty of confidentiality or duty of disclosure, a balancing act for the auditor
No full textTystnadsplikten och upplysningsplikten är två väsentliga plikter som en revisor måste förhålla sig till i sin yrkesroll. Eftersom dessa två plikter kan komma i konflikt med varandra är det viktigt för revisorerna att finna en balansgång genom att veta i vilka situationer som de ska förhålla sig till respektive plikt. Tidigare forskning inom fältet revision har fokuserat på andra forskningsfrågor eller undersökt plikterna var för sig. Syftet med den här studien är att bidra till ökad förståelse för hur revisorn balanserar mellan tystnadsplikt och upplysningsplikt, samt hur dessa plikter påverkar revisorn i sitt arbete. För att utforska studiens syfte på ett nyanserat sätt har kvalitativa forksningsmetoder tillämpats bestående av intervjuer och dokumentanalyser. Intervjuerna var semistrukturerade och genomfördes med fem auktoriserade revisorer från revisionsbyråer av varierande storlek. Balansgången mellan tystnadsplikt och upplysningsplikt och plikternas påverkan i arbetet har studerats utifrån centrala begrepp och teorin personal construct theory för att förstå revisorernas tankemönster. Resultatet tyder på att revisorer för flera olika resonemang vid beslutsfattande som rör tystnadsplikten och upplysningsplikten. Revisorernas balansering mellan plikterna är därmed ett svårbedömt dilemma eftersom plikternas kontraster kan påverka revisorerna i sitt arbete på olika vis. Det framkom meningsskiljaktigheter kring huruvuda balansgången utgör ett hinder i arbetet, men även kring revisorernas upplevda trygghet i situationer när tystnadsplikten och upplysningsplikten ställs mot varandra. En slutsats som kan dras av studien är att etiska dilemman är komplexa och att revisorer gör egna bedömningar utifrån sina erfarenheter och moraliska principer.The duty of confidentiality and the duty of disclosure are two essential duties an auditor must comply with in one's professional role. Since these two duties may conflict with each other, it is important for the auditors to find a balance by knowing in which situations they should relate to each duty. Previous research in the field of auditing has focused in other research issues or examined the duties separately. The purpose of this study is to contribute to an increased understanding of how the auditor balances between the duty of confidentiality and the duty of disclosure, as well as how these duties affect the auditors's work. To explore this purpose in an nuanced way, qualitative research methods have been applied consisting of semi-structured interviews and document analyzes. Five authorized auditors from auditing firms of varying sizes were interviewed. Key concepts and the personal construct theory have been used in order to understand thought patterns of auditors. The results indicate that audtitors have several different reasonings when making decisions concerning the two duties. Thus is the auditors' balancing between duties a difficult dilemma to assess, as the contrasts of the duties can affect the auditors' work in different ways. Disagreements arose as to whether the balancing act constitutes an obstacle in the work, but also as to the auditors's perceived security in situations when the duties are set against each other. A conslusion drawn is that ethical dilemmas are complex and that auditors make their own assessments based in their experiences and moral principles.
Stress, smärta och ledsenhet hos barn och ungdomar
No full textBarn och ungas hälsa och välbefinnande är en global angelägenhet. Hälsobesvär kan vara både fysiska och psykiska, och kan komma till uttryck genom exempelvis sömnsvårigheter, smärta och ledsenhet. Eftersom hälsobesvär uttrycks på olika sätt kan de vara svåra att tolka och det kan därför vara utmanande att ge effektivt stöd och behandling. Det finns dessutom en risk för att vardagliga känslouttryck betraktas som sjukliga och att de medicineras (Horwitz & Wakefield, 2007). Ledsenhet är å ena sidan en känsla som människor återkommande erfar under livet, men ledsenhet är också ett av symtomen vid depression. I föreliggande kapitel presenterar vi populärvetenskapliga sammanfattningar av flera studier som genomförts inom ramen för forskningsprojektet ”Stress, smärta och läkemedelsanvändning hos barn och ungdomar” vid Forskningsplattformen Hälsa i Samverkan, Högskolan Kristianstad. Den första undersökningen är en tvärsnitts-studie som handlar om ledsenhet och hälsobesvär hos ungdomar. Därefter presenteras två intervjustudier om skolbarns erfarenheter av stress respektive smärta. Slutligen presenterar vi två intervjustudier som belyser skolsköterskors perspektiv. Den ena fokuserar på skolsköterskors stöd till elever som upplever stress och smärta och samtidigt har en neuropsykiatrisk funktionsnedsättning. Den andra studien beskriver skolsköterskors erfarenheter av att arbeta under covid-19-pandemin
Intergroup threat and affective polarization in a multi-party system
No full textWhat explains affective polarization among voters and societal groups? Much of the existing literature focusing on mass political polarization in modern democracies originates in the US, where studies have shown that, while ideological separation has grown, political conflict increasingly reflects social identity divisions rather than policy disagreements, resulting in affective polarization. We focus on explaining such polarization in a multi-party context. Drawing on social identity theory and intergroup threat theory, we hypothesize that individuals who perceive an intergroup threat show stronger intergroup differentiation and increased affective polarization. We analyze the influence of perceived threat on affective polarization drawing on two large-scale representative surveys in Sweden (N = 1429 and 1343). We show that individual-level affective polarization is related to perceived intergroup threats among the voters in both studies, measuring affective polarization using social distance, negative trait attribution, and party like-dislike ratings
Insamling av ätliga växter och ved under mesolitikum : En diskussion baserad på makrofossil och träkol från västra Blekinge
No full textBiochemical characteristics and potential applications of ancient cereals : an underexploited opportunity for sustainable production and consumption
No full textBackground: There is currently renewed interest in foods based on ancient cereals because consumers oftenconsider such foods to be healthy and sustainable. Interest in ancient cereals is also growing among farmers andin the food industry due to increased demands for adaptability and the urgent need to preserve genetic diversity.Scope and approach: In this review, we attempt to summarise recent findings regarding the content of nutrientsand bioactive compounds in ancient cereals and their potential impact on human health in comparison withmodern varieties. A literature review was conducted by collecting, evaluating and analysing data from publicationsin peer-reviewed scientific journals written in English language. Key findings and conclusions: As indicated in several studies, ancient cereal varieties might have beneficialnutritional profile and consumers appreciate the taste and flavour of foods based on ancient cereals. These cerealshave the potential to contribute to the improved sustainability and resilience of cropping systems. Inaddition, the production and consumption of foods based on ancient cereals indirectly encourages biodiversity,which has become a priority in environmental and organic farming circles. In conclusion, due to their uniquenutritional value and phytochemical profile as well as their sensory characteristics, there is good potential forancient cereals and associated products to become a part of a healthy diet.Sustainable organic bread from heritage cereals: using history to form the futur