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Effect of biostimulator on yield components and crude protein content of the population of white lupine (Lupinus albus L.)
No full textExperimental studies of the impact of biostimulators on yield components, grain yield and crude protein content in white lupine grains were conducted in the period 2020-2022, in two variants: V1 - Control, variant without biostimulator and V2 - variant with biostimulator in the Agricultural Institute of the Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka. The goal of the research was to examine the effectiveness of the applied biostimulator on the analyzed properties of white lupine under production conditions. The sowing of lupine, in all years, was done by hand during March. The following parameters were analyzed: number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, weight of grains per pod (g), weight of 1000 grains (g), grain yield (kg ha-1), crude protein content in grains (g kg-1) and alkaloid content in grains (%). The number of pods per plant in the control variant was on average 5.0, and the pods contained 3.0 grains, while in the V2 variant it was 7.8 with 3.6 grains. The average weight of 1000 grains in the control was 221.2-254.1 g, and in the V2 variant 259.5-279.3 g. The grain yield in the control was 1386.8 kg ha-1, and in the biostimulator treatment 1806.6 kg ha-1. Crude protein content varied from 254.0 g kg-1 DM in the control treatment to 279.8 g kg-1 DM in the variant with biostimulator. The white lupine population tested in the experiment had a high alkaloid content and is not suitable for animal and human consumption, but can be grown for green manure
Influence of nutrition on the number of leaves, their area and root weight of sugar beet
No full textSugar beet is a plant that has been a part of our daily diet for centuries because it has been cultivated as a garden plant for 3000 years. It is mostly grown in the temperate climates of Europe and Asia. Sugar beet is a plant from which sugar - sucrose - is obtained from its roots. All parts of sugar beet are useful: root, head, leaves. Considering that the main reason for cultivation is the root, the leaves remain unused in further processing and are used mainly for animal feed. What should be emphasized is that these leaves have the potential to be used further in the food and chemical industries because they contain a large amount of protein and polyphenols. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the study of factors that would contribute to the growth of not only the roots but also the leaves of sugar beet. This paper dealt with the influence of different amounts of NPK on the number and surface area of leaves and the weight of roots in two sugar beet varieties - Original and Ventura. The experiment was carried out on the fields of PIK Tamish, it lasted two years and the impact of 9 combinations of NPK was tested and the tenth was the control
Electrochemical detection of DNA products obtained via the LAMP method in agricultural applications
No full textProgress in GMO technology has expanded the variety of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), which makes their detection harder than ever before, and significantly hinders food traceability, safety control, and monitoring. Recent studies suggest potential risks of GM crops to human health and the environment. The electrochemical DNA sensor is based on the detection of Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) products, using single-stranded DNA probes containing methylene blue as a redox probe, that are complementary to the target DNA. The probes were attached to the gold electrodes functionalized by gold nanoparticles. The electrochemical methods, like alternating current voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, and differential pulse voltammetry were employed in testing the electrochemical detection response of the DNA probes immobilized on the electrode surface
Fusarium proliferatum, a pathogen of sunflower seed
No full textSunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is one of the most important oil crops in the world
and the most important cultivated oil crop in Serbia, where it is grown on about 200,000 ha
with an average yield of 3 t/ha (Miklič et al., 2015). Sunflower seeds contain 38 % to 50 %
high-quality oil, primarily used for human consumption (Castro and Leite, 2018). Sunflower is
affected by a large number of diseases caused by various fungi and other phytopathogenic
microorganisms. The most important seed-borne pathogens represented the genera Alternaria,
Fusarium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Penicillium, and Epicoccum which could cause different
levels of losses in its production (Sharfun-Nahar and Mushtaq 2007; Lević et al., 2012).
During a routine seed quality control and seed health testing of sunflower seed samples,
according to ISTA Rules, Fusarium spp. infection was observed on an average of 3 %. The aim
of this study was the isolation and identification of Fusarium spp. based on their morphological
characteristics and molecular analyses. Seed samples (400 seeds per sample) were surfacesterilized
with a 1 % sodium hypochlorite solution (NaOCl) for 30 sec, rinsed three times with
sterile distilled water and placed onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 23 ± 2 °C for 7 days
in 12 h light/dark regime. After incubation, the presence of infected seeds was observed and
examined using a stereomicroscope and microscope (Carl Zeiss Axiolmager A1, Germany).
The eleven Fusarium colonies were chosen, transferred to carnation leaf agar (CLA) and PDA
for further characterization (colony morphology and pigmentation), and single-spored by Leslie
and Sumerrell (2006). All isolates produced abundant aerial white mycelium that became purple
with aging. On CLA, microconidia were abundant, single-celled, oval, and in long chains.
Macroconidia were slender, slightly curved, with a curved apical cell, usually 3 to 5 septate,
and 30.9 × 2.2 µm. Chlamydospores were absent. According to the description given by Gerlach
and Nirenberg (1982), cultural and morphological characteristics indicated that all eleven
isolates belong to Fusarium proliferatum. To confirm the pathogenicity of the isolates,
sunflower seeds were inoculated by spore suspension according to du Toit and Inglis (2003).
After re-isolation of isolates on CLA and PDA medium, morphological identification of fungi
was confirmed.
Further identification of one representative isolate 36Sun was confirmed by amplifying the
partial translation elongation factor-1α (TEF) gene with the primers EF1 (5’-ATG GGT AAG
GAR GAC AAG AC-3’) and EF2 (5’-GGA RGT ACC AGT SAT CAT GTT-3’) (Geiser et al.,
2004). Total DNA was extracted directly from fungal mycelium using a DNeasy Plant Mini
Kit, following the manufacturer’s instructions (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). Molecular detection
utilizing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and primers specific for the TEF gene successfully
amplified one clear band of approximately 700 bp in Serbian 36Sun isolates, as well as the
positive control. No amplification was obtained in the negative control (PCR mix with
RNase-free water). After purification with a QIAquick PCR Purification Kit (Qiagen),
PCR product was sequenced directly in both directions and deposited in GenBank (Accession
No. MH496039). The sequence of the Serbian 36Sun isolate was compared with the other
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sequences available in the GenBank database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/), using
the ClustalW program and MEGA7 software (Kumar et al., 2016). Serbian isolate 36Sun
(MH496039) of F. proliferatum share 99.84 % identity with isolate EF10 (MN861748) from
Spain, isolate CM-CNRG (MK203059) from Mexico, and wxwh21 (MG826873) from the
USA. F. proliferatum is one of the seed-borne pathogens, but according to our results, the
presence of F. proliferatum has no significant influence on the quality of sunflower seed or seed
germination.IOBC-WPRS Bulletin, Vol. 173, 202
Overview Omics research in sunflower regarding drought tolerance
No full textThis is a training material from the workshop for IFVCNS researchers titled Omics in Improvement for Drought Tolerance held on 4-5 September 2024 by UROS within CROPINNO project. The material covers the overview of omics research in sunflower, genes and genomics in sunflower for drought, Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) for drought, transcriptomics, differentially expressed genes and proteins, proteomics, and upregulated proteins.Workshop program and report [https://fiver.ifvcns.rs/handle/123456789/5594
Genetic progress in grain yield and associated changes in spikelet and grain traits in historical set of Pannonian wheat cultivars
No full textChanges in yield components and spike traits are associated with wheat grain yield genetic progress. The aim of this study was to determine variation in yield components, spike and individual grain traits, and their role in winter wheat grain yield genetic improvement under conditions of the Pannonian Plain. Therefore, two-year field trials were conducted in a southern Pannonian location (Novi Sad, Serbia) with ten winter wheat cultivars released between 1931 and 2015. The grain yield had a significant positive linear relationship with the year of cultivar release, showing the improvement rate of 46.4 kg ha−1 yr−1. Grain yield increase has been positively related to the improvement of spike grain weight. Spike grain weight improvement with a rate of 0.25 g yr−1 was followed by simultaneous rise of the individual grain number and grain weight at different positions within a spikelet. Compared to other grains at different positions within a spikelet, G3 grains showed the highest rate of grain weight and the grain number improvement with the year of cultivar release. On the other hand, there was a significant decrease trend of grain protein content in individual grains at different positions. Therefore, wheat breeders should be more focused on grain number and weight improvement of distal grains in order to regain higher grain yield genetic gain under conditions of the Pannonian Plain
Phytochemical Composition of Different Red Clover Genotypes Based on Plant Part and Genetic Traits
Get PDFRed clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is an important legume that is also known as a rich source
of isoflavones, which are compounds with mild estrogenic activity. Therefore, this plant is often used
as a raw material in the production of dietary supplements recommended in menopause. Many
factors can influence isoflavone content, but those genetically related are considered to be the most
important. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical profile of different
plant parts of 30 red clover genotypes grouped according to ploidy and country of seed origin by
analyzing the content of dominant isoflavones, total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity.
It was found that there are significant differences in the examined traits among plant parts. Red
clover leaves had the highest total isoflavone content, with biochanin A as the dominant compound,
while flower extracts had the highest TPC and antioxidant activity. Diploid and tetraploid genotypes
were significantly different concerning the content of daidzein, genistein, formononetin and TPC with
higher quantities in tetraploid samples. On the other hand, seed origin was not a useful separating
factor for the analyzed samples. The results of this research indicate that ploidy, as a previously
poorly studied factor, could influence isoflavone content in red clover
NS Senior, sorta ozimog graška za zrno
No full textNovostvorena sorta ozimog graška za zrno (Pisum sativum L.) NS Senior priznata od strane Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srbije.Broj rešenja 320-04-07936/2/2021-11 оd 01.02.2024
Effects of screw pressing conditions on fodder radish seed oil yield, throughput, and fatty acid profile
No full textThis study aims to explore the influence of screw frequency, nozzle diameter, and press head temperature on critical crude fodder radish seed oil (FRSO) yield, throughput, and fatty acid composition. A quadratic equation, developed using response surface methodology, fitted the experimental data for oil yield. It was substantiated by a non-significant lack-of-fit, commendable coefficient-of-determination (R2 = 0.782), and a modest mean relative percentage deviation (±7.27%). The analysis of variance pinpointed the statistical significance of press head temperature, nozzle size, and the squared term of press head temperature. The highest FRSO yield (17.61%)—corresponding to an extraction efficiency of 51.3% was found with a screw frequency of 50 Hz, at 80°C, and an 8 mm nozzle. A linear model highlighted that all three pressing factors significantly influenced the FRSO throughput. FRSO consists of C18:1 (30.9%), C22:1 (20.8%), C18:2 (14.9%), and C18:3 (11.9%), aligning with the compositions reported in other studies on fodder radish oils
Management of inorganic elements by overwintering physiology of cold hardy larvae of European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis, Hbn.)
No full textThe European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis, Hbn.), enters diapause, a strategy characterized by arrest of development and reproduction, reduction of metabolic rate and the emergence of increased resistance to challenging seasonal conditions as low sub-zero winter temperatures. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of inorganic elements in the ecophysiology of O. nubilalis, analysing their content in the whole body, hemolymph and fat body, both metabolically active, non-diapausing and overwintering diapausing larvae by ICP-OES spectrometer following the US EPA method 200.7:2001. O nubilalis as many phytophagous lepidopteran species maintain a very low extracellular sodium concentration and has potassium as dominant cation in hemolymph of their larvae. Changes in hemolymph and the whole body sodium content occur already at the onset of diapause (when the mean environmental temperatures are still high above 0 ºC) and remain stable during the time course of diapause when larvae of this species cope with sub-zero temperatures, it seems that sodium content regulation is rather a part of diapausing program than the direct effect of exposure to low temperatures. Compared to non-diapausing O. nubilalis larvae, potassium levels are much higher in the whole body and fat body of diapausing larvae and substantially increase approaching the end of diapause. The concentration of Ca, Mg, P and S differed in the whole body, hemolymph and fat body between non-diapausing and diapausing larvae without a unique trend during diapause, except an increase in their contents at the end of diapause