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Inhalation and Topical Application of Rose Essential Oil – A Systematic Overview of Rosa damascena Aromatherapy
Get PDFThe purpose of this systematic overview is to establish the impact of inhalation and topical application of Rosa damascena essential oil in aromatherapy practice. A bibliometric analysis using the different scientific databases was conducted to examine scientific documents related to “rose aromatherapy” and “Rosa damascena aromatherapy”. Microsoft Excel and VOSviewer software were used to extract and visualize information. Founded on a review of 93 papers, the scent of rose essential oil has applications in aromatherapy for reducing anxiety, alleviating pain, improving sleep quality, as well as alleviating physiological symptoms during menopause and PMS. It aids in mitigating stress and reducing stress and reducing depression and fatigue, for relaxation and improving cognitive function, among other benefits. Ultimately, rose essential oil is safe and suitable for self-administration via inhalation or topical application, either alone or with other essential oils
Effects of Polyethylene Microplastics in Agricultural Soil on Eisenia fetida (Annelida: Oligochaeta) Behavior, Biomass, and Mortality
Get PDFThe presence of microplastic particles in agroecosystems has profound implications for soil quality, crop yield, and soil biota. Earthworms are widely recognized as valuable soil bioindicators due to their abundance, fast reproduction, and easy manipulation. The aim of this study was to observe Eisenia fetida avoidance behavior and changes in biomass and mortality rate in soil samples spiked with polyethylene microplastic particles. Three types of soil sampled from the agricultural fields (“Banat 1”, “Banat 2”, and “Bačka”) were tested, as well as three microplastic concentrations (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3%). The calculated avoidance percentages ranged from 18.67% for “Banat 1” and 23.70% for “Banat 2” to 27.40% in the case of “Bačka” soil samples. Generally, E. fetida specimens avoided the sections with plastic in all bioassays: 38.42% of the earthworms were in the chamber section that contained microplastics, as opposed to 61.58% in the control section. The changes in the earthworms’ post-test biomasses were directly proportional to the number of surviving earthworms, with the highest loss in “Bačka” soil samples with 0.3% MPs (−53.05%). The highest mortality rate (46%) was noted in “Bačka” soil samples spiked with the highest concentration of microplastic particles
Agropyrum repens in the function of phytoremediation and soil protection
No full textAgropyrum repens is a perennial plant from the grass family (Poaceae). In this paper, the use of Agropyrum repens in soil protection and phytoremediation of degraded areas, and as a medicinal and decorative plant is analyzed. The fact that Agropyrum repens can be grown even in marginal agro-ecological conditions gives us the opportunity to establish perennial grass areas on unused and degraded areas. Thanks to the development of new technologies for the processing of biological waste into energy products, the rate of increase in the use of alternative fuels is growing significantly, and tall mash, thanks to its modest requirements for water and heat, can be classified as a desirable energy crop. Agropyrum repens is one of the best crops for soil protection against all types of erosion, then for phytoremediation, absorption of harmful gases from the atmosphere, and it is valued as a decorative and ornamental plant. In order to ensure security in the supply of necessary energy sources, most countries in the world direct their research in the direction of finding the most rational way of using renewable energy sources. In folk medicine, pyrethrum is used in the prevention of gout, rheumatism, and inflammation of the urinary tract and renal stones
Enhancing sunflower seed quality:insights from kernel morphology and chemical composition analysis
No full textSunflower seeds are vital agricultural commodities, esteemed for their nutritional and industrial value. Despite the diversity of sunflower seed varieties, they are frequently harvested without segregation based on quality and morphological traits, resulting in inconsistent outcomes and diminished product quality and efficiency. This limitation impedes the advancement of the sunflower seed processing industry. Nutritional composition indicators, such as oil content, protein levels, and oleic acid content are crucial in determining the quality and commercial value of sunflower seeds. Concurrently, morphological traits, including kernel size, filling, and pericarp thickness, are essential for assessing yield quality in sunflower production. An overemphasis on either aspect can lead to suboptimal breeding outcomes, with seeds exhibiting excellent nutritional qualities but lacking in physical attributes, or vice versa. Given the importance of both morphological and nutritional properties for agricultural and industrial applications, it is imperative to integrate these indicators comprehensively into breeding programs. This holistic approach ensures the development of sunflower varieties that meet high standards for both physical performance and nutritional value. Examining the correlation between kernel morphology and seed quality can significantly enhance breeding strategies, leading to higher yields, improved product consistency, and greater overall efficiency in the sunflower seed processing industry. This study aimed to analyze the oil, protein, and oleic fatty acid content, as well as assess the physical properties of 20 sunflower seed genotypes cultivated in Serbia. Oil content was determined using the ISO 659, 2009 standard method, while total seed protein content was measured by the Dumas procedure. The oleic content of cold pressed sunflower oils was analyzed via gas chromatography following ISO methods 12966-4:2015. The physical properties test included 50 randomly selected achenes per genotype, with transverse sections of the pericarp taken from the central part of the seed. Morphological measurements were made using calipers, while pericarp observations were conducted with a light microscope. The oil and protein contents exhibited variations, averaging 42.03% and 20.26%, respectively. The oleic acid content in the analyzed oil samples ranged from 11.01% to 62.36%. The results indicated that oil concentration in seeds is negatively correlated with pericarp thickness, but positively correlated with seed thickness. Additionally, oil concentration showed a negative correlation with both the protein content and oleic acid concentration in the seed. In conclusion, integrating morphological traits and nutritional composition indicators in sunflower breeding is essential for improving seed quality and efficiency in processing, as demonstrated by correlations between oil content, pericarp thickness, and seed morphology in this study
Agronomic and biochemical properties of autumn garlic from IFVCNS collection
No full textGarlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the most important Allium species considering global production, consumption, and numerous human health benefits, mainly due to its diverse bioactive compounds and strong antioxidant properties. From the garlic collection of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops (IFVCNS), 20 accessions were selected for analysis with the aim to assess the variability of agronomic and biochemical traits. The experiment was set up during two growing seasons (2017/18 and 2018/19), on the Rimski šančevi site. A sample of 30 bulbs was analyzed for the following agronomic traits: bulb mass (BM), number of cloves per bulb (NC) and clove mass (CM). Lyophilized garlic cloves were further used for biochemical analyses of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF) and antioxidant activity (DPPH). The average value of BM within the collection was 46,1 g while the values varied from 26,6 g to 64,0 g. The smallest NC in collection was 6,3 and the highest was 19, with the average value of 10,4. Variability in collection was also observed for CM ranging from 2,6 to 7,7. The average value for this trait was 4,6. Greater variation among samples in the collection was found for biochemical properties. Values of total phenolics varied from 0,49% to 3,09% with average value of 1,53% while total flavonoids ranged from 0,16% to 0,77% with average value of 0,45%. Antioxidant activity also varied significantly among the samples, with the lowest value of 0,93 and the highest of 3,99 µg AAE/g, while average value was 1,91 µg AAE/g. The results of the study indicated the diversity within garlic collection based on agronomic and biochemical traits. Variability of garlic collection in analyzed traits provides an opportunity for selection of genotypes with enhanced bioactivity and higher yield potential, as one of the most important breeding goals
Exploring cereal diversity with biotechnological tools to meet climate challenges and farmers’ needs – the IFVCNS example
No full textConserving, accessing, studying, diversifying, sharing, improving and utilizing crop genetic resources systematically, adequately and sustainably is a key for addressing pressing challenges related to the changing climate and farmers’ needs. A drastic on-farm decline in both special and varietal diversity has made agroecosystems unsustainable and vulnerable to changing climate, being incapability to adapt to current production needs. On the other hand, a vast plant genetic material stored in many collections and gene banks worldwide requires a lot of different resources to be eventually put in use and is, despite the numerous past and ongoing research efforts, still largely untapped. In the last decades, the region of the Southeastern Europe has been facing severe and frequent drought events, heat waves, hail storms, floods and uneven distribution of rainfall, as well as biotic stressors, such as new crop pathogens and their races. To address these challenges, IFVCNS has been exploring diversity of cereal genetic resources kept in its large collections containing wild relatives, landraces, obsolete varieties, modern varieties and breeding material within several national and international projects. Molecular diversity studies, using SSR and SNP markers, revealed ancestral relationships and relatedness of local wheat, barley and maize to germplasm from other parts of the world. Microsatellite analyses combined with the multi-year field data allowed detection of marker-trait associations suitable for marker-assisted selection for yield-related traits, quality and nitrogen-use efficiency traits. Data from field and controlled environments were obtained by implementation of modern available phenotyping instruments and use of phenotyping platforms for physiological measurements and identifying genotypes with salt and heat stress tolerance. IFVCNS was a testing site of a large European network for quantify the breeding value of the introgressed wheat landrace alleles within the modern genetic background. Molecular tools were employed to screen and determine prevalent pathogen races, relationships and shifts in pathogens predominance under multiple disease systems and climatic conditions. The application of gamma irradiation for induced mutation in wheat and barley was studied to create new variability for breeding purposes. Some of the analyzed genetic material was also tested on-farm for adaptation capacities to specific local agro-environments and meeting needs of small-scale farmers. These examples of research activities are also meant to be an impulse for extending research network and cooperation on the international level.Website of the Congress [https://igbc.agriacad.bg/
Legal regulations in the field of organic seeds production in Serbia
No full textOrganska poljoprivreda se ubrzano razvija na globalnim nivou. Proizvodnja semena jedan je od najznačajnijih segmenata poljoprivredne proizvodnje. Načela organske biljne proizvodnje uređuju i oblast organskog semena i sadnog materijala. Sistem organske poljoprivrede u Srbiji uređen u skladu sa Zakonom o organskoj proizvodnji („Službeni glasnik RS”, broj 30/10 i 17/2019 dr. zakon), a baza zakona bili su standardi propisani od strane IFOAM-a, Regulative Evropske Unije i Codex Alimentarius. U skladu sa tim oblast organske proizvodnje semena u Srbiji je uređena u skladu sa EU Regulativama Br. 834/2007 i 889/2008, Zakonom o organskoj proizvodnji i Pravilnikom o kontroli i sertifikaciji u organskoj proizvodnji i metodama organske proizvodnje („Službeni glasnik RS”, broj 95/20 i 24/21). Cilj ovog rada bio je da se prikaže način na koji je, kroz zakonodavni okvir, uređena proizvodnja semena po metodama organske poljoprivrede u Srbiji.Organic agriculture is developing rapidly on a global level. Seed production is one of the most important segments of agricultural production. The principles of organic plant production govern the area of organic seeds and planting material. The system of organic agriculture in Serbia is regulated in accordance with the Law on Organic Production ("Official Gazette of RS", No. 30/10 and 17/2019 law), and the basis of the law was the standards prescribed by IFOAM, European Union Regulations and Codex Alimentarius. Accordingly, the area of organic seed production in Serbia is regulated in accordance with EU Regulations No. 834/2007 and 889/2008, the Law on Organic Production and the Rulebook on Control and Certification in Organic Production and Organic Production Methods ("Official Gazette of RS", No. 95/20 and 24/21)
Oplemenjivanje krmnih vrsta – novi izazovi
No full textJedan od važnih uslova za proizvodnju dovoljnih količina kvalitetne stočne hrane su visoko produktivne sorte krmnih vrsta. Dosadašnji domaći sortiment krmnih leguminoza i trava karakteriše visoka produkcija i kvalitet biomase, kao i odlična adaptacija na domaće uslove uspevanja, što često stavlja domaće sorte ispred stranih
Multivariate interaction analysis of maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes grown under different environmental conditions
No full textMaize (Zea mays L.) is an important staple crop that considerably contributes to global food and feed security. Since maize grain yield is a complex trait, breeders aim to improve both the yield and yield components. As one of the important yield components, the kernel row number (KRN) per ear, has a significantly positive effect on grain yield. Despite being a quantitative trait, it can be influenced by genotypes, environments and environment by genotype interactions (GEI). The objective of this study was to estimate the stability of three maize genotypes and evaluate the influence of GEI on the trait kernel row number per ear using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model. The field trials were performed in ten different environments, control and four levels of nitrogen application (50, 100, 150 and 200 kg N ha-1) in two growing seasons. The experimental design was set up according to the randomized complete block design with three replications. The analysis of variance of the AMMI model identified all sources of trial variation that were statistically significant. The proportions of the total variance in KNR in maize attributing to the environments contributed with 52.10 %, while genotypes contributed with 32.65 % and GEI contributed with 15.24 % to the total variation. Analysis of GEI using the Interaction Principal Components (IPCA) showed a statistical significance of the first main component, IPCA1 for KRN, which explained 88.03 % of the GEI variation. Observed significant mean squares for environment, genotype and GEI significantly influenced yield traits and revealed that maize genotypes responded differently to various nitrogen conditions. The present finding could be useful for optimal and rational use of fertilizers, as well as for the identification of maize genotypes with stable reactions across different environments for grain yield traits
The impact of global climate change on the reduction of biodiversity
No full textClimate change is caused by natural factors and human activities, which will result in significant changes to biodiversity, agricultural production and food security. It is mainly endemic species with narrow adaptive ranges that are at risk of extinction. As a result, concern over species extinction is justified because they provide food for all forms of life and primary healthcare for over 60-80% of the world's human population. However, the impact of climate change on biodiversity and food security is recognized but little studied compared to the scale of the problem on a global scale. Crops and plants have thresholds beyond which their growth and yields are threatened. As a result, crop yields in Africa alone could decline by more than 30% by 2050. Thus, remedying food shortages by allocating more land to agriculture and developing new fish stocks is a costly solution while protecting biodiversity is a priority. Thus, reducing food waste, compensating the food insecure, conserving biodiversity, effectively using genetic resources and traditional ecological knowledge can reduce further loss of biodiversity and ensure food security in the face of climate change