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Factors affecting seed vigour
No full textThe seed industry is essentially based on the production of quality seeds with high germination and vigour percentages and for that reason the aim of this study was to point out the most important factors that affect seed vigour. This study shows an overview of the development of seed vigour tests throughout history. Seed vigour is affected by many environmental factors, as well as genetic factors, of which the chemical composition of seeds, hardheadedness and resistance to disease-producing agents express positive effects. Special attention is paid to the role of phytohormones, such as abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA), in regulating seed dormancy and their interaction with environmental factors, including temperature, light and moisture. The research results reveal a complex network of interactions among genetic factors, phytohormones and environmental conditions that mutually modulate the degree of seed dormancy and its impact on germination and seed vigour. Experimental data show that the application of certain agrochemical treatments can change the level of phytohormones and consequently alter the rate of seed dormancy and germination. Further research of these mechanisms will reveal prospects for the development of innovative technologies for the improvement of the seed industry as an inseparable part of agricultural production. This study provides a deeper understanding of the regulation of seed vigour and, also identifies new approaches to the improvement of plant production in accordance with the demands of contemporary agriculture
NS Coral, sorta soje (Rumunija)
No full textNS Coral, sorta soje priznata u Rumuniji, 2024., ISTIS, CATALOG 2024 Ordin nr. 253 od 21.06.2024. godin
Climate crops - striving to excellence
No full textWith climate change significantly affecting crop production, a need for introduction of innovative methods and tools into breeding programs emerged. Furthermore, breeding for abiotic stress resistance, especially drought tolerance, is complex and it requires taking a comprehensive approach and combination of classic and modern tools. The Center of Excellence for Innovations in Breeding of Climate-Resilient Crops – Climate Crops gathers researchers from different backgrounds with the same aim of creating climate-resilient crops. Since the establishment of the Center, multi-omics approach has been used, with focus on epigenetics, an emerging field in genetics, to help us identify mechanisms of fast crop adaptation to stress. Moreover, the cutting-edge phenotyping and sensing tools for the identification of traits associated with stress tolerance and early identification of stress resilience have been introduced into crop selection processes. This in combination with mutation breeding and genome editing, complimenting classical breeding is expected to pave the way for a new era in breeding and creating innovative solutions for 21st century crop breeding and cultivation
Evaluation of the phytotoxic effect of Artemisia absinthium L. plant extract and essential oil on weeds and maize
No full textThe aim of this study was to investigate the phytotoxic effect of the plant extract and essential oil of A. absinthium on seed germination and seedling growth of weeds (Amaranthus retroflexus and Setaria viridis) and maize under in vitro conditions. Ultrasound-assisted extraction with different extraction solvents was performed to obtain the phenol-rich plant extract, and the essential oil was obtained by steam distillation. The LC/MS (Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) technique was used to identify the phenolic compounds in the plant extract and the GC/MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) technique was used to identify the compounds in the essential oil
Camelina sativa and Brassica carinata oils as potential bioinsecticides against the rice weevils and bean beetle
No full textThis work aimed to assess biological activity of non-edible oils of two minor brassica crops, Camelina sativa and Brassica carinata, against two major seed pests, the rice (S. oryzae) and bean beetle (A. obtectus). C. sativa and B. carinata are crops with increasing potential in bioeconomy chain, as well as in the contexts of climate change. The biological activity of camelina and carinata oils was assessed in fumigant, contact toxicity and repellency tests. In fumigant toxicity tests, oils were applied on filter paper cuts at 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2 and 5%, In contact toxicity test, that was performed in glass tubes, both oils were applied at same concentrations but with addition of 0.1% of emulsifier Tween, while Ogriol (oil-seed rape based insecticide) was used as a standard (2%) and distilled water with emulsifier (Tween) was the control. Insect mortality was assessed after 1, 2 and 24 h in fumigant test, and 24, 48 and 72 h in contact toxicity test. Repellence test was performed in a Y-tube olfactometer and repellency was determined based on Repellency index (RI), that was calculated based on the insect distribution in treated and control arms of olfactometer, after and 1, 2 and 24 h
Quality and chemical composition of seeds and fruits of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) in different stages of ripeness
No full textU ovoj doktorskoj disertaciji sproveden je trogodišnji eksperiment za utvrđivanje uticaja zrenja, sorte i godine proizvodnje (2017-2019) na kvalitet semena i ploda patlidžana. Najpre, izvršeno je definisanje različitih faza zrelosti ploda, brojem dana od početka cvetanja za svaku sortu. Utvrđene su razlike biohemijskog sastava semena i ploda različitih faza zrelosti. Pri tom, određen je ukupan sadržaj proteina, ulja, redukujućih ugljnih hidrata, fenola, DPPH, alkaloida i pigmenata (hlorofila a i b i karotenoida). Izračunato je devet parametra prinosa ploda i semena: visina biljke, dužina ploda, širina ploda, masa ploda, broj plodova po biljci, prinosa ploda po biljci, ukupan prinos ploda po hektaru, ukupan prinos semena po hektaru i odnos mase ploda i semena. Uočeni su svi aspekti kvaliteta semena po fazama zrelosti, kao i ispitivanje efekta čuvanja semena u plodu nakon berbe (odmah izdvojeno seme, 10. dan nakon berbe i 20. dan nakon berbe). Utvrđeni su apsolutna masa semena, energija klijanja semena, klijavost semena, udeo nenormalnih klijanaca i neklijalog semena - mrtvo i dormantno. Takođe, ispitan je uticaj različitih tretmana na kvalitet proizvedenog semena izdvojenog iz ploda u tri različita momenta. Primenjeni su: tretman sa prethodnim hlađenjem semena, tretmana sa kalijum-nitratom i tretman sa giberelinskom kiselinom.In this doctoral dissertation, a three-year experiment was conducted to determine the influence of ripening, variety and the production year (2017-2019) on seed and fruit quality of eggplant. Firstly, different stages of fruit ripeness were defined by the number of days from the beginning of flowering for each variety. Differences in the biochemical composition of seeds and fruits of different stages of ripeness were determined. In doing so, the total content of protein, oil, reducing sugar, phenol, DPPH, alkaloids and pigments (chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids) was determined. Nine parameters of fruit and seed yield were calculated: plant height, fruit length, fruit width, fruit mass, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant, total fruit yield per hectare, total seed yield per hectare and the ratio of fruit to seed mass. All aspects of seed quality in each stage of ripeness were observed, as well as the effect of seed storage in the fruit after harvest (immediately separated seeds, 10th day after harvest and 20th day after harvest). The absolute seed weight, the seed germination, the percentage of abnormal seedlings and ungerminated - dead and dormant seeds were determined. Also, there was determined the influence of different treatments on the quality of the produced seeds which were separated from the fruit at three different moments. The following were applied: treatment with previous cooling of the seeds, treatment with potassium nitrate and treatment with gibberellic acid
An In Vitro Evaluation of Robin’s Pincushion Extract as a Novel Bioactive-Based Antistaphylococcal Agent - Comparison to Rosehip and Black Rosehip
No full textIntroduction: This study explores the bioactive properties of extracts obtained from Robin’s pincushion (Diplolepis rosae) collected in Sokobanja, Serbia. Results: Comprehensive in vitro assess ments reveal high concentrations of total phenolics (186.37 mg GAE/g), along with significant levels of carotenoids (44.10 µg β-car/g). Robin’s pincushion exhibited superior antioxidant capacities across DPPH, ABTS, and reducing power assays, significantly outperforming comparable extracts from rose-hip (Rosa canina) and black rosehip (Rosa spinosissima) in these activities. Additionally, high inhibitory effects were observed in antimicrobial assays, with the extract demonstrating minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) as low as 1.56 mg/mL against the Staphylococcus species. Notably, the extract achieved full bactericidal effect within 24 h in time-kill kinetic studies which additionally highlight its potent antistaphylococcal potential. Materials and methods: Analyzing their phytochemical profiles and evaluating their potential as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycemic, and antimicrobial agents, wide-ranging evaluation of bioactivity of Robin’s pincushion was conducted. Conclusions: These findings highlight Robin’s pincushion as a promising natural source of bioactive compounds with potential applications in traditional and modern medicine for managing oxidative stress, inflammation, hyperglycemia, and microbial infections
Volatile Constituents of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf Grown in Greenhouse in Serbia: Chemical Analysis and Chemometrics
No full textThe present study investigated the volatile constituents of Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) grown in a greenhouse environment in Serbia, marking the first commercial cultivation of the plant for essential oil production in the region. The essential oils and hydrolates obtained through steam distillation were analyzed via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the resulting chemical data were further processed using chemometric methods. This study applied quantitative structure retention relationship (QSRR) analysis, employing molecular descriptors (MDs) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict the retention indices (RIs) of the compounds. A genetic algorithm (GA) was used to select the most relevant MDs for this predictive modeling. A total of 29 compounds were annotated in the essential oils, with geranial and neral being the dominant components, while 37 compounds were detected in the hydrolates. The ANN models effectively predicted the RIs of both essential oils and hydrolates, demonstrating high statistical accuracy and low prediction errors. This research offers valuable insights into the chemical profile of lemongrass cultivated in temperate conditions and advances QSRR modeling for essential oil analysis
Principi aplikacije transformativne tehnologije za editovanje genoma
No full textTransformative genome editing technology has enabled scientists to make changes in the DNA of model rganisms at the genomic level to obtain biotechnologically important products from them. The most commonly used technologies for this purpose are transcription activators such as effector nucleases (TALEN), homing endonucleases or meganucleases, zinc finger nucleases (ZFN) and clustered regularly spaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) associated protein 9 (Cas9). Among these tools, CRISPR/Cas9 is the most preferred, because it is easy to use, has a low mutation rate and extremely high efficiency. CRISPR technology has shown great potential for the complicated acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, to enable early and simple detection methods, possible treatment and vaccine development. Extreme attention has been paid to CRISPR technology based on its structure and significant applications in humans, plants, animals and microbiomes such as bacteria, viruses and fungi.Transformativna tehnologija za editovanje genoma omogućila je naučnicima da izvrše promene u DNK organizama modela na genomskom nivou kako bi od njih dobili biotehnološki važne proizvode. Najčešće korištene tehnologije za ovu svrhu su aktivatori transkripcije kao efektne nukleaze (TALEN), homing-endonukleaze ili meganukleaze, nukleaze cinkovih prstiju (ZFN) i klasterizirani, pravilno raspoređeni kratki palindromni ponavljanja (CRISPR) povezani protein 9 (Cas9). Među ovim alatima, CRISPR/Cas9 je najpoželjniji, jer je jednostavan za korištenje, ima malu stopu mutacija i izuzetno veliku efikasnost. CRISPR tehnologija je pokazala veliki potencijal za pandemiju komplikovanog akutnog respiratornog sindroma korona virusa 2 (SARS-CoV-2), kako bi omogućila rane i jednostavne metode otkrivanja, moguće lečenje i razvoj vakcina. Izuzetna pažnja posvećena je CRISPR tehnologiji na osnovu njene strukture i značajne primene kod ljudi, biljaka, životinja i mikrobioma kao što su bakterije, virusi i gljive
New resilient cropping systems for Europe
No full textAgriculture is currently facing the challenge of ensuring food security. In addition, climate change affects the sustainability of farming systems by decreasing crop yield and soil fertility (Kakabouky, 2021). Novel agriculture practices, such as the inclusion of alternative crops into traditional cropping systems could be a new solution to pursue environmental benefits. In recent years, there has been growing interest in two easy-to-grow oilseed crops belonging to the Brassicaceae family: Camelina sativa (L. Crantz) and Brassica carinata (A. Braun). Camelina is a low agronomic input crop which can adapt to different environments and produce oil suitable for multiple bio-based application (Zanetti et al., 2021). Carinata is a resilient crop with high erucic acid contents, thus suited to produce biofuels, including aviation fuels (Seepaul et al., 2021). The present study was carried out to support the development of these two crops within conventional EU cropping systems, and to provide insights on the use of camelina and carinata oil