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Influence of maize nutritive quality on suitability for the rice weevil development
No full textMaize is a predominant field crop in Serbia, cultivated on over 900 000 ha of arable land, and the most important export crop. During post-harvest period maize is susceptible to different insect pests, particularly the rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae L.). This is the most devastating primary pest of maize worldwide, especially in the context of climate change. As the importance and losses caused by this pest are increasing, it is important to test the existing maize genepool for the weevil susceptibility, so as to identify the most tolerant genotypes to be included in breeding programs. A number of studies report the tolerance of maize hybrids, however the information about the bases of the tolerance is lacking. This work aimed to screen a number of maize genotypes for susceptibility to the rice weevil and suitability for the weevil development, in correlation with biochemical composition, nutritive quality and kernel hardness. The following bionomy and feeding indices were monitored after storage period of four months: adult mortality, progeny production (number adult weevils in F1 generation), Susceptibility Index (SI), kernel weight loss (gr) and kernel consumption (%). Based on SI, all tested genotypes were classified into different susceptibility groups. The genotypes exhibited different degrees of susceptibility to the rice weevil attack and suitability for the weevil development and feeding. The least susceptible was popcorn type of maize, while white and red-aleuron genotypes were the most suitable for the rice weevil development and feeding, which is correlated to the kernel hardness and nutrient content
Genomics-assisted breeding for crop improvement
No full textGenomics-assisted breeding is a revolutionary approach to crop improvement, using advanced
genomic tools and technologies to accelerate and improve the efficacy of breeding programs.
Combining novel methodologies and applications of genomics with traditional breeding for crop
improvement aims to address global agricultural and food security challenges. In this way,
breeders can identify and select desirable traits more effectively, accelerating the development
of high-yielding, disease-resistant, climate-resilient, adaptive and stable crop varieties.
Technological advancement in the area of genomics and the development of genomic resources
have made genomics-assisted breeding a cost-effective and time-saving method. The use of high throughput sequencing technologies, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), genomic
selection (GS) and genome editing (GE) enables the identification of genetic markers linked to
agronomically important traits, facilitating marker-assisted selection (MAS), enabling breeders
to predict the performance of breeding lines more accurately and offering the capacity to enhance
breeding efficiency. Case studies will illustrate the practical applications of genomics-assisted
breeding in cereal, legume, and oilseed species at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops
(Novi Sad, Serbia), demonstrating benefits such as improved yield and increased resilience to
biotic and abiotic stresses. Moreover, the challenges and future directions in this field, including
the need for more extensive genomic resources, the integration of multi-omics data and speed
breeding, and ethical considerations will be addressed
Yield and quality of NS soybean varieties in 2023
No full textNS sortiment soje je veoma raznovrstan, kako po pogledu dužine vegetacionog perioda, tako i po potencijalu za prinos i kvalitet zrna. Od analiziranih 34 NS sorte soje u 2023. godini po visini prinosa izdvajaju se veoma rane sorte NS Olympus, NS Valantis i NS Westeros, rane sorte NS Atlas i NS Ozymandias, srednjestasne sorte NS Regulus, NS Zmaj i NS Kraljica i sredne kasne sorte NS Validus i NS Simba. Po sadržaju proteina izdvajaju se sorte soje NS Kaća, Merkur, NS Kolos, NS Ecob, NS Favorit i NS Valantis, a po povišenom sadržaju ulja NS Regulus, NS Valantis, NS Hogar, NS Dracarys, NS Sedef i NS Atlas.
Najviši prinos proteina ostvaren je sa sortama soje NS Zmaj, NS Valantis, NS Kraljica, NS Regulus i NS Simba, a najviši prinos ulja sa sortama NS Regulus, NS Validus, NS Zmaj, NS Kraljica i NS Hogar.The NS assortment of soybeans is very diverse, both in terms of the length of the growing season, and in terms of the potential for grain yield and quality. From the analyzed 34 NS soybean varieties in 2023, the very early varieties NS Olympus, NS Valantis and NS Westeros, the early varieties NS Atlas and NS Ozymandias, the medium varieties NS Regulus, NS Zmaj and NS Kraljica and the medium late varieties NS stand out in terms of yield Validus and NS Simba. The soy varieties NS Kaca, Merkur, NS Kolos, NS Ecob, NS Favorit and NS Valantis stand out for their protein content, and NS Regulus, NS Valantis, NS Hogar, NS Dracarys, NS Sedef and NS Atlas for their increased oil content. The highest protein yield was achieved with soybean varieties NS Zmaj, NS Valantis, NS Kraljica, NS Regulus and NS Simba, and the highest oil yield with the varieties NS Regulus, NS Validus, NS Zmaj, NS Kraljica and NS Hogar
Investigation of the bioactive compounds content in cold-pressed oils of latest sunflower oily hybrids
No full textSadržaj bioaktivnih jedinjenja u uljima i mastima je nizak, međutim njihov uticaj je izuzetno bitan. Ona imaju veliki metabolički značaj u organizmu, ispoljavaju antioksidativno dejstvo, antiradikalnu aktivnost, vitaminsko delovanje, zaštitni efekat i sl. U ovom radu je ispitan sadržaj bioaktivnih jedinjenja u hladno presovanim uljima 15 uljanih hibrida suncokreta. Ispitan je sadržaj ukupnih tokoferola, fenola, karotenoida, hlorofila i sterola. U ispitivanim hladno presovanim uljima utvrđeno je najviše ukupnih sterola (u proseku 1505,82±152,96 mg/kg), zatim ukupnih tokoferola (524,45±98,59 mg/kg). Utvrđene su približne prosečne vrednosti sadržaja ukupnih karotenoida i fenola, 9,10±0,13 mg/kg i 8,91±40,30 mg/kg, redom, dok je sadržaj ukupnih hlorofila bio najniži, svega 0,73+0,32 mg/kg, u proseku. Sve dobijene vrednosti sadržaja bioaktivnih jedinjenja karakteristične su za hladno presovana ulja suncokreta i u skladu su sa rezultatima prethodnih istraživanja.The content of bioactive compounds in oils and fats is low, but their impact is extremely important. They have great metabolic significance in the body, exhibit antioxidant effects, antiradical activity, vitamin action, protective effect, etc. This study examined the content of bioactive compounds in cold-pressed oils of 15 sunflower hybrids. The content of total tocopherols, phenols, carotenoids, chlorophylls, and sterols was examined. Cold-pressed oils contain the highest total sterols (on average 1505.824±152.96 mg/kg), followed by total tocopherols (524.45±98.59 mg/kg). The approximate average values of the content of total carotenoids and phenols were observed, 9.10±0.13 mg/kg and 8.91±0.30 mg/kg, respectively, while the content of total chlorophyll was the lowest, only 0.73±0.32 mg/kg, on average. The obtained values of the content of bioactive compounds are characteristic of cold-pressed sunflower oil and are in line with previous research
Environmental impact assessment of rapeseed production using the LCA method Part Two: Life Cycle Impact Assessment
No full textU radu su predstavljeni rezultati ocenjivanja uticaja proizvodnog lanca uljane repice u uslovima Vojvodine. Funkcionalna jedinica (FJ) je hektar (ha) oranične površine pod uljanom repicom, sa prinosom od 3.000 kg semena. Za procenu štete koja nastaje u životnoj sredini kao posledica emisija i upotrebe prirodnih resursa povezanih sa proizvodnim lancem uljane repice korišćena je ReCiPe 2016 (H) metoda i OpenLCA računarski program. Ukupna šteta naneta ljudskom zdravlju je procenjena na 0,0048 DALY, šteta zbog gubitka biodiverziteta je 0,0001 broj vrsta × god., dok šteta zbog eksploatacije geoloških rezervi minerala iznosi 167 USD po FJ. Zauzimanje oraničnih površina je odgovorno za 90% gubitka biodiverziteta povezanog sa proizvodnim lancem uljane repice, dok su životni ciklus dizel goriva, proizvodni lanac mineralnih đubriva i emisije azotovih jedinjenja iz poljoprivrednog zemljišta zajedno odgovorni za 74% štete nanete ljudskom zdravlju, odnosno 91% štete zbog utroška mineralnih resursa. Interesantno je primetiti da od blizu 1.000 različitih emisija i prirodnih resursa u proizvodnom lancu uljane repice, svega deset je odgovorno za najveći deo (preko 90%) ukupne štete u pojedinim oblastima zaštite.This constitutes the second segment of an environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) study on oilseed rape cultivation in the prevalent conditions of Vojvodina, Serbia. The paper presents the results of the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) phase of the LCA. The functional unit (FU) is one hectare of agricultural land used for winter rapeseed cultivation, with a reference flow of 3,000 kg of seeds, representing the average yield per hectare. The assessment is focused on the rapeseed production chain, concluding with the transportation of oilseeds to regional silos. The environmental impact assessment employed the ReCiPe 2016 (H) LCIA method, using the OpenLCA software. The study found that the total damage to human health was estimated at 0.0048 DALY, while damage due to biodiversity loss was calculated as 0.0001 species per year. Additionally, the damage resulting from the exploitation of geological mineral reserves was determined to be 167 USD per FU. Notably, land occupation was identified as the primary contributor to biodiversity loss, accounting for 90% of the associated damage within the rapeseed production chain. Meanwhile, the life cycle of diesel fuel, the mineral fertilizer production chain, and nitrogen compound emissions from agricultural land collectively accounted for 74% of the damage to human health and 91% of the damage attributed to mineral resource consumption. On the midpoint level, the ReCiPe 2016 (H) LCIA method calculates results within 18 impact categories, including the impact on global warming and fossil fuel depletion. The cumulative impact of greenhouse gases (GHG) emitted in the rapeseed production chain is equivalent to the impact of 1,970 kg of carbon dioxide. The carbon footprint of rapeseed was estimated at 0.65 kg CO2 eq. per kg of rapeseed. In the production chain of 3,000 kg of rapeseed, 454 kg of oil equivalent is consumed, which means that approximately 6.93 MJ of energy from fossil sources is required to produce 1 kg of rapeseed under the prevalent conditions in Vojvodina. The ReCiPe 2016 method identified and assessed the impact of approximately 750 different emissions with adverse effects on the environment, as well as the impact of around 250 different forms of natural resources consumed or used in the rapeseed production chain. However, the results of the LCIA analysis show that only about ten elementary flows are responsible for over 90% of the total damage in specific protection areas. These primarily include air emissions (carbon dioxide, ammonia, nitrogen oxides, nitrous oxide, sulphur dioxide, and suspended particles), emissions of certain heavy metals into water and soil (hexavalent chromium and zinc), as well as the exploitation of some natural resources, notably arable land, natural gas, and crude oil. The results of the LCIA analysis can be utilized to identify processes and emissions where rationalization or improved control can yield the greatest environmental benefits. The most substantial environmental improvements are expected through the reduction of mineral fertilizer consumption per unit yield and the decrease in diesel fuel usage for field and transportation activities. Furthermore, enhanced control over emissions that contribute significantly to the adverse impacts of the rapeseed production chain can also lead to substantial environmental enhancements
Thermal treatments in controlling Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on sunflower seeds and their effect on seed vitality
No full textThis work aimed to assess the potential of thermal treatments for controlling P. interpunctella on sunflower seeds, based on its tolerance to high/elevated temperatures and effect on seed vitality. The tests involved mature larvae (L5) and pupae, exposed to 35, 40, 42, 44, 45, 50, 55 and 60 °C, for 15 and 30 min, and 1, 2, 6, 24, 48 h. Larval mortality and survival, Probyt analysis, developmental dynamics, longevity analysis, progeny production and the effect on sunflower seed vitality (germination energy and germination) were assessed. Larval mortality of 75.9% was achieved after 30 min of exposure at 44 °C, 77.0% at 45 °C after 15 min, and 100% after 45 min. At 60 and 65 °C total mortality was achieved already after 15 min of exposure. Lethal exposure time (LT50) needed to kill 50% of larval population was 15 min at 44.2 °C, 30 min at 43.3 °C, 45 min at 42.1 °C or 41.8 °C at 60 min, respectively. LT90 can be achieved after 15 min of exposure at 45.2 °C, 30 min at 44.3 °C, 45 min at 43.3 °C, or 60 min at 42.1 °C. Pupal LT50 was 15 min at 56.7 °C, 30 min at 53.1 °C, 45 min at 52.4 °C or 60 min at 52.2 °C, while LT90 was 15 min at 59.7 °C, 30 min at 56.3 °C, 45 min at 56.1 °C or 60 min at 55.6 °C. The fastest development, and the highest progeny production was in treatments when the parenteral population was exposed to 40 °C for 1, 2 and 6 h. The developmental duration was significantly shortened when parenteral population was exposed to 40 °C for 48 h. The temperature and exposure did affect the duration of the adult life stage only when exposed for 2, 3, 6, 24 and 48 h to 40 °C. The germination of sunflower seed (86.7%) was inhibited by heat at 45 °C when exposed for 24 h.This is a peer-reviewed accepted version of the article deposited in this repository here [http://fiver.ifvcns.rs/handle/123456789/4754]. This accepted version is shared with an embargo period of 24 months
Trypsin inhibitors in seeds and pods of Phaseolus vulgaris/coccineus: A comparative study of shaking and ultrasonic extraction methods
No full textDifferent methods for the extraction of trypsin inhibitors in beans (Phaseolus spp.) were investigated. Two randomised complete laboratory experiments were performed, one on the seeds and one on the pods. In the first, the seeds of common bean variety KIS Marcelijan, breeding line Ref_316 × 498 and runner bean variety Bonela were examined. In the second, the fresh pods of five common beans (three breeding lines, two varieties) were analysed. Four extraction methods were used, including ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) for 15 and 30 min and shaking-assisted extraction for 60 and 180 min.The results showed a significant increase in trypsin inhibitor activity-related traits in UAE compared to shaking extraction, with the 15 min ultrasonic process showing better efficacy than the one with 30 min duration. In the seed experiment, the breeding line Ref_316 x 498 showed the highest Trypsin Units Inhibited (TUI) and TUI/mg sample after a 15 min UAE. In the pod experiment, the breeding line 228_4aa_ca also showed the highest TUI and TUI/mg sample after a 15 min extraction with UAE. These results underline the potential of UAE to maximise trypsin inhibitor content. In addition, remarkable correlations between TUI, TUI/mg sample and the percentage of trypsin inhibition (%TIn) were observed in both experiments
Mitigating effect of PGPR on abiotic stress in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)
No full textHaving in mind food security and the fact that basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is used as fresh seasoning, the development of innovative technologies for its cultivation is required. This study aimed to isolate and characterize plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolates from basil rhizospheric soil and monitor the effects of their application on basil growth under different water stress conditions. Isolation, determination of isolates biochemical and PGP properties, evaluation of isolates influences on seed germination and parameters of growth of basil plant, growing under well-watered conditions (70% water holding capacity, WHC), under water deficit stress (35% WHC), and flooded conditions (95% WHC), were done. A total of five representative bacterial isolates were selected: Two Azotobacter isolates (A13, A14), one Pseudomonas isolate (P57), and two Bacillus isolates (B79, B82). The results of this experiment revealed that rhizospheric bacteria of O. basilicum L. var. minimum have multiple biochemical and PGP properties. The most intensive reactions on tested abiotic stressors - drought (higher total phenolics, reduced glutathione, and malondialdehyde content) and flooding (higher superoxide dismutase activity) - were from basil plants inoculated with Pseudomonas sp. P57 isolate, yet along with Azotobacter sp. isolate A13. The highest number of germinated seeds was obtained with the A13 isolate (96.0%), while the highest response for vigour index was observed with Azotobacter isolates (7200.0% and 5628.0%). In well-watered conditions, basil mass inoculated with P57 was 34.2% higher than control. In drought-stressed conditions, plant mass inoculated with A13isolate was 90% higher than control. In flooded-stressed conditions, the plant mass inoculated with Azotobacter and Pseudomonas isolates increased by more than 100%
Antibacterial and Antifungal Potential of Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don Essential Oil
No full textHelichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don is a typical Mediterranean plant, with limited distribution on the islands of Sardinia, Corsica, and the Iberian Peninsula, as well as the islands of the Adriatic Sea and the Balkan Peninsula. In these regions, H. italicum is mainly collected from spontaneous nature, while in recent years, there has been a pronounced cultivation trend due to increased demand and market requirements for constant quality of raw materials. Bearing in mind that biological activity is linked with chemical composition, this review aimed to collect data from different scientific databases (Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) on the antimicrobial activity of essential oil and its chemical composition. A total of 20 papers investigating the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antifungal activities of H. italicum essential oil were found. Furthermore, in these samples, several compounds occurred as dominant: neryl acetate, α-pinene, and γ-curcumene. These compounds are known for their antimicrobial properties, which likely contribute to the essential oil’s efficacy against various microbial strains
Response of maize (Zea mays L.) on yield, physiology and stomatal behaviour under two different elevated CO2 concentrations. Do these anatomical changes affect the physiology of the C4 crop plant under high CO2 conditions?
No full textRising CO2 concentration in the atmosphere is a matter of global concern and poses apprehension about how plants will adapt to the changing environment. Various studies have proved that under high CO2 levels, plant physiology alters and affects plant functioning. However, under elevated CO2, the stomatal characters and their relation with physiological responses are still not yet clear. To find out these changes in the stomatal parameters at ambient and two elevated CO2 (550 ppm and 700 ppm) levels, four genotypes of maize (Zea mays L.) viz. DHM-117, Harsha, Varun and M-24 were grown in open-top chambers. In the study, it was observed that the stomatal density increased, stomatal size altered, stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) decreased under elevated CO2 (eCO2) while photosynthetic rate (Pn), water use efficiency (WUE), yield and biomass, of which especially the reproductive biomass increased. Under eCO2, stomatal and physiological changes were genotypic and CO2 concentration specific. Increased stomatal density at eCO2 was mainly due to increased abaxial stomatal density. The improved Pn and reduced Tr at 550 ppm improved the WUE in the plants, while this response was not observed at 700 ppm. These results elucidate that this C4 crop responded positively to up to 550 ppm of CO2 concentrations, and beyond this, the impact was minimal