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Changes of the soil erodibility factor in the long-term experiment on chernozem
No full textSoil erodibility is the most widespread form of soil degradation in Europe. However, information on the intensity and susceptibility to erosion of arable soil is lacking for Serbia. Therefore, we access the K-factor erodibility nomograph values (Wischmeier and Smith, 1978) in the long-term experiment in the semi-arid region of northern Serbia. The erodibility between the initial state in 1970 and the current 2023 was compared and assessed to estimate the changes associated with management practices and climatic changes. The sampling was conducted on the Chernozem soil subtype on loess at the Experimental Field of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad. Soil organic matter (%) and soil texture were determined in 0-30 cm soil depth of the 6 cropping systems that include winter wheat, maize and soybean. Soil tillage was based on moldboard plowing and field cultivator with fertilization following the balanced method of plant requirements.[https://centennialiuss2024.org/
Novi fleks proizvod od crnog kukuruza
No full textOvo tehničko rešenje je verifikovano i kategorizovano kao M82 na 28. redovnoj sednici MNO za biotehnologiju i poljoprivredu održanoj 24.05.2024. godine
Osmotic Dehydration Model for Sweet Potato Varieties in Sugar Beet Molasses Using the Peleg Model and Fitting Absorption Data Using the Guggenheim–Anderson–de Boer Model
No full textThis study investigates the applicability of the Peleg model to the osmotic dehydration of various sweet potato variety samples in sugar beet molasses, addressing a notable gap in the existing literature. The osmotic dehydration was performed using an 80% sugar beet molasses solution at temperatures of 20 ◦C, 35 ◦C, and 50 ◦C for periods of 1, 3, and 5 h. The sample-to-solution ratio was 1:5. The objectives encompassed evaluating the Peleg equation’s suitability for modeling mass transfer during osmotic dehydration and determining equilibrium water and solid contents at various temperatures. With its modified equation, the Peleg model accurately described water loss and solid gain dynamics during osmotic treatment, as evidenced by a high coefficient of determination value (r2 ) ranging from 0.990 to 1.000. Analysis of Peleg constants revealed temperature and concentration dependencies, aligning with previous observations. The Guggenheim, Anderson, and de Boer (GAB) model was employed to characterize sorption isotherms, yielding coefficients comparable to prior studies. Effective moisture diffusivity and activation energy calculations further elucidated the drying kinetics, with effective moisture diffusivity values ranging from 1.85 × 10−8 to 4.83 × 10−8 m2/s and activation energy between 7.096 and 16.652 kJ/mol. These findings contribute to understanding the complex kinetics of osmotic dehydration and provide insights into the modeling and optimization of dehydration processes for sweet potato samples, with implications for food processing and preservation methodologies
Nutritional quality of hybrids maize from different selection cycles: proteins and oil
No full textU ovom radu proučavan je sadržaj ulja i proteina kod 30 komercijalnih NS hibrida kukuruza iz različitih perioda selekcije u cilju određivanja njihove namene u procesnoj industriji. Za određivanje sadržaja ulja korišćena je standardna metoda po Soxhlet-u, dok je za određivanje sadržaja proteina korištena standardna metoda po Kjeldahl-u. Prosečan sadržaj ulja u zrnu svih analiziranih hibrida kretao se u intervalu od 4,05 do 6,14% s.m., dok je prosečan sadržaj proteina bio u rasponu od 8,67 do 13,05% sm. Pet NS hibrida kukuruza mogu se okarakterisati kao visokouljani hibridi, dok je prema sadržaju proteina samo hibrid G27 imao vrednost višu od 13% što ga čini važnim biljnim izvorom proteina. Gajenje hibrida kukuruza visokog kvaliteta proteina obezbedilo bi proizvodnju biljnih proteina veće hranljive i biološke vrednosti za ishranu ljudi i domaćih životinja.In this paper is examined oil and protein content of 30 maize NS hybrids to evaluate it purpose for process industry. The standard Soxhlet method was used to determine the oil content, while the standard Kjeldahl method was used to determine the protein content. The average oil content in the grain of all tested hybrids ranged from 4.05% to 6.14% d.m. basis, while the average protein content ranged from 8.67% to 13.05% d.m. basis. Five NS maize hybrids can be characterized as high-oil hybrids, while only one corn hybrid had a value over 13% per d.m. basis
Unveiling Genetic Diversity in Montenegrin Durum Wheat Landraces Through SNP Genotyping
No full textThe Rogosija durum wheat landraces, historically the primary cereal in Montenegro until the mid-20th century, faced a significant threat with the introduction of high-yielding common wheat cultivars after World War II, leading to their disappearance from agricultural fields. Efforts to conserve these landraces began in 1955 through the sampling of durum wheat accessions across Montenegrin regions, resulting in the establishment of a Rogosija durum collection in the Montenegro Plant Gene Bank. This collection, holding untapped genetic diversity, presents an opportunity for identifying valuable alleles crucial for enhancing wheat crop adaptability to biotic and abiotic treats. This study aimed to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of the Rogosija collection using SNP markers, as well as to explore correlations between genetic clusters and eco-geographic conditions in Montenegro. Utilizing a high-throughput genotyping system based on the 25K Illumina SNP wheat array, 6,915 high-quality SNPs were identified and mapped on the durum genome. Principal components analysis and phylogenetic analysis delineated two distinct genetic durum clusters. Analysis of molecular variance indicated that 16% of the total variation stemmed from differences among these genetic clusters, with the remaining 84% within clusters
Advancing sustainable soil management in the Western Balkans through partnership
No full textThe Western Balkans show a great variety of climate, soil, and geomorphological characteristics. The region was blessed by some of the most fertile soils in Europe. Nevertheless, the region is characterized also by several natural constraints that include salinity, sodicity, poor drainage and texture conditions, shallowness and stoniness, and other natural and human-induced limitations. Soil threats in the Western Balkans are complex, and although they are unevenly spread, their dimension is regional, and they are frequently interlinked. The Action Plan for the Implementation of the Sofia Declaration on the Green Agenda for the Western Balkans 2021-2030 has put forward several objectives that are in line with EU policies for soil management. To this end, the establishment of the Soil Partnership for the Western Balkans as an open forum for gathering all stakeholders in the region would be the perfect entity to discuss and exchange knowledge, data, best practices, and experiences about sustainable soil management (SSM). This process started in 2021 under the leadership of the Regional Rural Development Standing Working Group in South Eastern Europe (SWG). The partnership brings together nominated soil experts from six countries in the region (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo*, North Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia) to work together under the SWG platform for networking and regional cooperation. Important objectives of the Soil Partnership for Western Balkans include the strengthening of institutional and technical capacities of the region to assist the implementation of the new EU Soil Strategy for 2030 as well as work towards harmonization of the guidelines, methods, and indicators to enhance implementation of SSM practices. The results of the initial assessment of soil degradation status and trends in the region reveal that the primary processes contributing to degradation in the WB are land take, soil sealing, contamination, organic carbon loss, and erosion
Feasibility of using phytoremediation biomass for sustainable biofuel production via thermochemical conversion
No full textThis study explores a novel approach that combines soil recovery with biofuel production, presenting a strategy that addresses the increasing demand for biofuels while sidestepping the food–fuel debate. It also introduces an innovative method for recovering heavy metals from soils through their translocation into the solid product of the conversion process. Phytoremediation trials were conducted under real field conditions, and the thermochemical conversion of the harvested biomass was carried out at lab scale. Field trials took place in 2021–2023 in Lithuania and Serbia. In Serbia, the contamination primarily involved heavy metals, whereas the Lithuanian site was predominantly contaminated with hydrocarbons from petroleum products. The harvested biomass underwent pretreatment and was then used as feedstock for conversion into high-energy carriers. The conversion products were evaluated for their potential to substitute fossil fuels. Finally, the value chain, encompassing key stakeholders and factors impacting the profitability of this approach, was established, and initial estimates were made regarding the size of individual cost components
Innovations in sunflower breeding for enhanced drought adaptation
No full textAmong the effects of wide-ranging climate change, drought presents a significant
threat to global agricultural production. Drought reduces yield quantity and quality of crops,
particularly in the semi-arid and arid regions. Sunflower is known for its moderate tolerance
to water stress conditions thanks to its well-developed root system and ability to grow in
different agroecological conditions. However, prolonged exposure to drought significantly
reduces sunflower seed and oil yields, impacting global oil quality. Drought stress in
sunflower mostly occurs during the seedling stage, vegetative phase or reproductive phase.
Understanding the mechanisms and factors influencing drought tolerance is essential for
developing resilient sunflower capable of sustaining agricultural productivity in the face of
climate variability and water scarcity. Therefore, breeding for drought tolerance is an
economical, feasible, and environmentally friendly control method However, it requires the
use of the unexploited approach in sunflower research due to the complexity of the trait.
Initially, determination of the genetic diversity existing within and between sunflower species
remains the basis for elucidating of the genetic structure and for improvement of traits,
including drought tolerance. Manipulation of this diversity to improve drought tolerance
among sunflower genotypes may be achieved through selection of adaptive mechanisms that
include drought escape, avoidance and tolerance. The breeding tools and technologies for
drought tolerance are based on so-called “-omics” techniques, including phenomics,
genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and epigenomics. Phenomics refers to
a quantitative description of the plant's morphological, anatomical, ontogenetic, physiological,
and biochemical properties. Recent advancements in phenomics, facilitated by highthroughput phenotyping tools, empower researchers to explore multivariate phenotypic
information. Utilizing mainly non-invasive methods, phenotyping facilitates the measurement
of complex plant traits, pivotal for comprehending plant growth, development, and
interactions with the environment across various scales. Image-based techniques significantly
enhance the scale and efficiency of plant phenotyping activities, necessitating the
transformation of images into reliable and accurate phenotypic measurements. With
phenomics insights into plant traits, researchers can optimize phenotypes tailored to specific
climatic conditions and agronomic practices, with root traits playing a central role in
identifying features beneficial to crop performance and yield
NS 5155, hibrid kukuruza
No full textRešenje Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede, Uprave za zaštitu bilja, Broj: 320-04-02098/2/2022-11, od 24.04.2024
NS 6066, hibrid kukuruza
No full textRešenje Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede, Uprave za zaštitu bilja, Broj: 320-04-02093/2/2022-11, od 24.04.2024