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The differences in subclinical mastitis prevalence and effect on milk production due to cows’ breed and breeding region
No full textThe purpose of this study was to look into how the breed (Holstein or Simmental) and breeding region (Central, Eastern, and Mediterranean) influence the occurrence of subclinical mastitis and its impact on milk production. In order to do this, the study examined 3,953,637 test-day records of Holstein cows and 4,922,751 test-day records of Simmental cows. The daily lactose content was utilized to diagnose subclinical mastitis. The study’s findings showed that subclinical mastitis rates varied significantly depending on the breed and breeding location. The Eastern region’s Holstein cows were the least common. On the test-day, when subclinical mastitis was found in all regions and breeds, the lowest daily milk output was also noted. Subsequent milk records, however, revealed an increase in milk output that differed according to breed and breeding location. The Holstein cows from the Eastern region showed the largest overall increase in milk production. According to these results, healing potential differs greatly depending on the breed and breeding area. Eastern region farms raised Holstein cows, who had the lowest rate of mastitis-related problems and the best likelihood of recuperating and reaching their genetic output potential. As a result, this study implies that dairy cows that are reared at the large, specialized dairy farms that are common in the Eastern region recover more quickly
NS Zefir, sorta jarog graška za zrno
No full textNovostvorena sorta jarog graška za zrno (Pisum sativum L.) NS Zefir priznata od strane Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srbije.Rešenje broj 320-04-01646/2/2022-11 оd 01.02.2024
Nitrogen Fertilization and Cultivar Interactions Determine Maize Yield and Grain Mineral Composition in Calcareous Soil under Semiarid Conditions
Get PDFIdentifying the contributions of climate factors and fertilization to maize yield is significant for the assessment of climate change impacts on maize production under semiarid conditions. This experiment was conducted with an overall objective to find how N fertilization and cultivar interactions along with climatic conditions determine the mineral composition and maize yield responses of four divergent maize cultivars grown under eight different fertilization levels. The results showed that element contents were significantly affected by year (Y), cultivar (C), N fertilization, and N × C interaction. The element contents of grains were mainly influenced by N rate or N × C interactions. The results showed that maize yield was significantly affected by year (Y), genotype (G), N fertilization (N), and Y × G × N interaction. These results implied that the maize yield was significantly affected by changes in genotypes and environments. Overall, our findings are a result of the interactions of genetic, environmental, and agronomic management factors. Future studies could evaluate more extreme plant densities, N fertilizer levels, and environments to further enhance our understanding of management effects on the mineral composition and maize yield in calcareous soil
The effect of biostimulants on parsnip seed germination and initial growth
Get PDFBiostimulants are used for seed quality and performance improvement. However, the impact of biostimulants on parsnip seed quality has not been examined. Slow germination of parsnip is often further impeded by stress conditions. This study therefore aimed to assess whether treatments with different biostimulants could enhance seed germination and the initial seedling growth of parsnip. Amino acid and micronutrient-based biostimulants (0.2% solutions (v/v) of Technokel Amino Mix® and Megafol®) improved germination of parsnip seeds under optimal conditions, while biostimulant treatments with humic acid, fulvic acid and micronutrients (0.02% solution (v/v) of Organiko®) enhanced the initial growth. Our findings validate the potential of biostimulant application as a seed treatment. Determination of the main physiological causes of parsnip germination enhancement is needed in further research
Application of mealworm FRASS fertilizer in sugar beet production: Step towards profitable and ecologically balanced sugar beet production
Get PDFTo address the growing demand for sugar, sugar beet production must be increased. However, conventional chemical fertilizers, essential for root growth and yield quality, are environmentally harmful due to factors like greenhouse gas emissions and organic pollution. To address this issue, we need to consider eco-friendly organic alternatives, such as FRASS, which is the residue from mealworm larval excrement. FRASS is rich in essential nutrients (ESN), including nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). In our study, we aim to explore the potential of FRASS as an environmentally innovative fertilizer for sugar beet production, given the increasing popularity of mealworm farming. In a field experiment, we compared the efficacy of pre-sowing fertilization on two sugar beet varieties using three different models of two fertilizer concentrations (N:P:K 80:60:40 & N:P:K 40:30:20 ): pure mealworm FRASS, a combination of FRASS and mineral fertilizer, and pure mineral fertilizer (NPK). Our goal was to maintain the same level of ESN between NPK fertilizers and FRASS
Genomics-assisted speed breeding for crop improvement: present and future
Get PDFGlobal agricultural productivity and food security are threatened by climate change, the growing world population, and the difficulties posed by the pandemic era. To overcome these challenges and meet food requirements, breeders have applied and implemented different advanced techniques that accelerate plant development and increase crop selection effectiveness. However, only two or three generations could be advanced annually using these approaches. Speed breeding (SB) is an innovative and promising technology to develop new varieties in a shorter time, utilizing the manipulation of controlled environmental conditions. This strategy can reduce the generation length from 2.5 to 5 times compared to traditional methods and accelerate generation advancement and crop improvement, accommodating multiple generations of crops per year. Beside long breeding cycles, SB can address other challenges related to traditional breeding, such as response to environmental conditions, disease and pest management, genetic uniformity, and improving resource efficiency. Combining genomic approaches such as marker-assisted selection, genomic selection, and genome editing with SB offers the capacity to further enhance breeding efficiency by reducing breeding cycle time, enabling early phenotypic assessment, efficient resource utilization, and increasing selection accuracy and genetic gain per year. Genomics-assisted SB holds the potential to revolutionize plant breeding by significantly accelerating the identification and selection of desirable genetic traits, expediting the development of improved crop varieties crucial for addressing global agricultural challenges
The impact of different densities of selected invasive weeds on the grain yield of three soybean genotypes
Get PDFThe aim of the experiment was to assess the competitive abilities of three soybean genotypes and selected invasive weeds based on soybean grain yield (t ha1). Field trials with competition between three soybean varieties (NS Apolo, Fortuna, NS Zmaj) and three invasive weeds (Abutilon theophrasti, Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Xanthium strumarium) were conducted at Novi Sad (2020-2022). The split split plot design with four replications were used and plot size was 30 m2. Weeds were sown at the same time with densities of 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 weeds per m-1 of soybean row. The three central rows of the plot were used to calculate the soybean grain yield. X. strumarium caused the highest yield losses. Although 2020 was favorable for soybean growth, mean values of grain yield of soybean showed that in some treatments the Fortuna variety was showing higher grain yield compared to NS Apolo and NS Zmaj. Due to the deficit of precipitation in 2021, in the periods when it is necessary for the formation of grain yield and the contribution of other factors, genotypes NS Apolo and NS Zmaj showed higher grain yield than Fortuna. In 2022, which was extremely dry (without enough rainfall during the season), there were no significant differences between genotypes
NS H 8287, hibrid suncokreta
No full textNS H 8287, hibrid suncokreta, priznat od strane Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede, Uprava za zaštitu bilja, rešenje broj 320-04-3818/2/2022-11 od 26.04.2024. godine, Beograd, Republika Srbij
NS Blanka, hibrid suncokreta
No full textNS Blanka, hibrid suncokreta, priznat od strane Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede, Uprava za zaštitu bilja, rešenje broj 320-04-3815/2/2022-11 od 26.04.2024. godine, Beograd, Republika Srbij
Physiological, molecular, and environmental insights into plant nitrogen uptake, and metabolism under abiotic stresses
No full textNitrogen (N) as an inorganic macronutrient is inevitable for plant growth, development, and biomass production. Many external factors and stresses, such as acidity, alkalinity, salinity, temperature, oxygen, and rainfall, affect N uptake and metabolism in plants. The uptake of ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−) in plants mainly depends on soil properties. Under the sufficient availability of NO3− (>1 mM), low-affinity transport system is activated by gene network NRT1, and under low NO3− availability (<1 mM), high-affinity transport system starts functioning encoded by NRT2 family of genes. Further, under limited N supply due to edaphic and climatic factors, higher expression of the AtNRT2.4 and AtNRT2.5T genes of the NRT2 family occur and are considered as N remobilizing genes. The NH4+ ion is the final form of N assimilated by cells mediated through the key enzymes glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase. The WRKY1 is a major transcription factor of the N regulation network in plants. However, the transcriptome and metabolite profiles show variations in N assimilation metabolites, including glycine, glutamine, and aspartate, under abiotic stresses. The overexpression of NO3− transporters (OsNRT2.3a and OsNRT1.1b) can significantly improve the biomass and yield of various crops. Altering the expression levels of genes could be a valuable tool to improve N metabolism under the challenging conditions of soil and environment, such as unfavorable temperature, drought, salinity, heavy metals, and nutrient stress