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Ispitivanje stavova potrošača u vezi nove vrste keks proizvoda sa dodatkom dehidriranog korena celera
No full textIn the research, a newly formulated cookie product with a 20% substitution of wheat flour with osmodehydrated and lyophilized celery root was produced in order to test its’ consumers’ acceptability. The cookie samples colour, taste and odour were widely accepted among a group of 427 randomly selected consumers. Younger consumers with lower educational and income levels scored the price of new product to be moderately important, but still a significant factor when making a purchase decision. The obtained results from the proposed new cookie product indicate the high potential for market success
Soil invertebrate diversity survey: the choice of eDNA metabarcoding primers
No full textThe development of the eDNA metabarcoding method has significantly facilitated studying and monitoring of soil invertebrates. This method enables the identification of multiple organisms from an environmental sample by sequencing targeted DNA regions. In the present study, the eDNA metabarcoding method was used for the detection of soil invertebrates in the solonchak soil type and the efficiency of two primer pairs was tested. The soil samples were taken from two agricultural fields (soybean field and maize field) in Rančevo (Serbia). In total, 10 soil samples were collected and DNA extraction was done using DNeasy PowerSoil Pro Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). Fragments of the COI gene were amplified using two pair of primers (BF2/BR2; mlCOIintF/dgHCO2198) and sequenced using Illumina Miseq. The quality of the raw sequencing reads was checked in FastQC and the fastq files were processed with APSCALE pipeline in order to obtain Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) and Exact Sequence Variants (ESVs). Retained OTUs and ESVs were taxonomically assigned using BOLDigger against the BOLD database. Downstream processing of the datasets was performed using TaxonTableTools (TTT). Our results showed that the primer pair mlCOIintF/dgHCO2198 is more efficient in detection of soil invertebrates and resulted in significantly higher number of taxonomically assigned OTUs and ESVs to the expected invertebrate phyla, relative to the primer pair BF2/BR2. This study shows that it is necessary to test the efficiency of different primers to obtain more accurate information about the diversity of the studied group of organisms using the eDNA metabarcoding method
Unveiling sensory insights into gluten-free cookies with sorghum flour
No full textThis study evaluated the sensory profiles of gluten-free cookies with 20% and 40% sorghum flour substitutions using the Rate all that apply (RATA) method with 15 assessors. The low-tannin sorghum flour was produced at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops. The aim was to assess how these ingredient variations affect sensory attributes and compare these profiles with commercially available products (Comm_1 and Comm_2). The basic ingredient composition of the developed cookie formulations included a commercial gluten-free flour blend, virgin coconut oil, cane sugar, and baking powder. Sensory attributes collected from the literature were selected through RATA applied to five cookies. Assessors were instructed to select from a list of descriptors all sensations that described the samples and to rate their intensity on a 5-point scale. A list of 52 sensory attributes was compiled for the characterization of individual cookie samples. ANOVA revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) in texture, odour, and flavour among the cookie samples. The addition of 20% sorghum flour resulted in balanced improvements in both texture and odour compared to the control. In contrast, cookies with 40% sorghum flour generally performed well but exhibited a slight decrease in sweetness. Conversely, cookies with notable visual and textural defects (Comm_1 and Comm_2) showed poorer performance in sensory attributes. PCA results (p < 0.05) showed that the first principal component (PC1) explained 51.53% of the variance, while the second principal component (PC2) accounted for 28.92%, together capturing 80.45% of the total variance. PCA revealed that shape and surface irregularities were associated with poorer visual quality, whereas sweet odour and crispness were linked to better sensory attributes. Notably, control sample achieved the optimal balance of visual quality, texture, and flavour, setting a high benchmark for product excellence. The findings indicated that incorporating sorghum flour significantly enhances the sensory profile of gluten-free cookies, addressing common deficiencies in commercial products. The RATA methodology effectively captured detailed sensory differences, providing valuable insights for refining production techniques and adjusting product formulations to better align with consumer preferences
Some of the flower strips mixtures used in agricultural production
No full textCvetni pojasevi (cvetne trake, polinatorske trake, eko - koridori i sl.) predstavljaju jedno-, dvo- ili višegodišnje pojaseve koji su posejani uz ivicu parcele i služe kao staništa za oprašivače (polinatore), druge korisne insekte i ptice, doprinose poboljšanju biodiverziteta, zatim sprečavaju eroziju zemljišta i služe za unapređenje ruralnog ambijenta. Kao takvi su prepoznati i u zelenim merama, zato što svojim zasnivanjem i ulogom u značajnoj meri utiču na postojeće agroekosisteme u kojima je dominantan intenzivni tip konvencionalne poljoprivredne proizvodnje koji se obavlja na velikim oraničnim površinama.Flower strips (flower belts, pollinator belts, eco-corridors, etc.) are one-, two- or multi-year strips that are sown along the edge of the plot and serve as habitats for pollinators, other beneficial insects and birds, contribute to the improvement of biodiversity, then prevent soil erosion and serve to improve the rural environment. As such, they are also recognized in green measures, because by their foundation and role, they significantly affect the existing agroecosystems in which the intensive type of conventional agricultural production, which is carried out on large arable areas, is dominant
Importance of microbiological soil activity in plant production
No full textGotovo sve životne aktivnosti u zemljištu vezane su za mikrobiološke procese. Upravo u zemljištu se odvija najveći deo karika ciklusa C, N, P i drugih bioelemenata, razlaganje organskih jedinjenja, azotofiksacija, nitrifikacija, denitrifikacija, transformacije mikroelemenata i teških metala i ostali procesi. Zemljište sadrži najveću frakciju kopnenog ugljenika, koji potiče od ostataka izumrlih organizama i predstavlja jedan od najznaĉajnijih faktora koji utiču na plodnost zemljišta. Mikrobiološki procesi u zemljištu odvijaju se posredstvom životne aktivnosti mikroorganizama.Almost all life activities in the soil are related to microbiological processes. Most of the links in the cycle of C, N, P and other bioelements, decomposition of organic compounds, nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, transformations of microelements and heavy metals and other processes take place in the soil. The soil contains the largest fraction of terrestrial carbon, which originates from the remains of extinct organisms and is one of the most important factors affecting soil fertility
A recent shift in the Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici population in Serbia coincides with changes in yield losses of commercial winter wheat varieties
No full textWheat yellow (stripe) rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (Pst), is a devastating disease of wheat worldwide. The success of Pst is largely due to the pathogens ability to rapidly overcome host resistance, generating new races that are easily dispersed between territories through wind-borne transmission of Pst urediniospores. Thus, first signs of entry of new Pst races into a region is usually captured by changes in disease severity. To examine any alterations of winter wheat variety response to Pst infection in Serbia, we analyzed yield and Pst disease severity in field trials conducted in 2014, 2021, and 2023. We specifically focused on analyzing Pst disease severity at growth stages related to yield. Associations between qualitative variables (variety, year) and quantitative variables (yield in untreated plots, yield loss, and disease index (DI) of Pst infection) were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis with mixed data. A General Linear Model was used to investigate the most influential factors on yield, yield loss, and Pst infection. The results indicated that yellow rust disease severity increased over the past decade, suggesting a potential recent change in the Pst population in Serbia. Comparative population genetic analysis of Pst samples from the 2023 wheat season and those collected in Serbia in 2014 confirmed a potential change in the Pst population. In addition, we found that yield losses across wheat varieties varied independently of Pst infection levels, indicating that wheat varieties differ in their ability to overcome damage caused by high levels of Pst infection. Given that the level of pathogen pressure triggering susceptibility reactions is cultivar-specific, our study highlights the need for a deeper focus on the mechanisms underlying these differences. Expanding our understanding of the interactions between pathogens, plant defense responses, and the ability of cultivars to mitigate yield losses will better equip us to predict and prevent potential yield losses in commercial wheat varieties due to yellow rust in the future
Application and effect of artificial intelligence for the functioning of metabolic bioengineering in systems biology
No full textEmerging synthetic biology capabilities have the potential to dramatically improve our ability to engineer biological systems. However, a fundamental obstacle to realizing this potential is the inability to accurately predict biological behavior following modification of the corresponding genotype. This method systematically leverages arbitrary amounts of new data to improve predictions, and does not assume any particular interactions, but rather implicitly chooses the most predictive ones. Metabolic bioengineering aims to maximize the production of bio-economically important substances (compounds, enzymes, or other proteins) through the optimization of the genetics, cellular processes and growth conditions of microorganisms. To achieve this goal, a large system of experimental techniques, compound libraries, computational methods and data resources, including multi-omics data, are used. The recent advent of multi-omics systems biology approaches significantly impacted the field by opening new avenues to perform dynamic and large-scale analyses that deepen our knowledge on the manipulations. However, given the great potential of transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, integrating the data to gain a more comprehensive understanding is not a trivial task
Influence of foliar application of aqueous extracts from leaves on some morphological characteristics of soybean
No full textVodeni ekstrakti biljnog materijala sadrţe hranjive i bioaktivne materije koje utiĉu na prinos, morfološke osobine biljaka i kvalitet zrna soje. U cilju prouĉavanja uticaja folijarne primene vodenih ekstrakata od listova razliĉitih biljaka na masu biljaka, visinu biljaka i masu zrna soje postavljen je dvogodišnji ogled u tri ponavljanja na oglednim parcelama Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo na Rimskim Šanĉevima. Vodeni ekstrakt od listova miroĊije povećao je masu biljaka za 22,19% u odnosu na kontrolu i za 14,59% u odnosu na kontrolu tretiranu vodom, visina biljaka je povećana za 4,27% u odnosu na kontrolu i 4,32% u odnosu na kontrolu sa vodom, a masa zrna povećana je za 31,27% u odnosu na kontrolu, odnosno 21,53% u odnosu na kontrolu tretiranu vodom.Plant aqueous extracts material contain nutrients and bioactive substances that affect yield, morphological characteristics of plants and quality of soybeans. In order to study the effect of foliar application of Plant aqueous extracts from the leaves of different plants on plant mass, plant height and soybean grain mass, a two-year experiment was set up in three repetitions on the experimental plots of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Rimski Šanĉevi. Aqueous extract of dill leaves increased plant mass by 22.19% compared to the control and by 14.59% compared to the water-treated control, plant height increased by 4.27% compared to the control and 4.32% in compared to the control with water, and the grain mass increased by 31.27% compared to the control, i.e. 21.53% compared to the control treated with water
NS Supernova, sorta pšenice
No full textRešenje Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede, Uprava za zaštitu bilja, broj rešenja 320-44-08526/2/2022-11 od 24.10.2024
NS Svetlana, sorta pšenice
No full textRešenje Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede, Uprava za zaštitu bilja, broj rešenja 320-44-08529/2/2022-11 od 24.10.2024