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Soybean seed germination depending on pulsed electromagnetic field treatment
No full textPored prirodne komponente ţivotne sredine kao što je geomagnetno polje Zemlje, kome je izloţen celokupni ţivi svet, sve veći uticaj imaju tehnološke inovacije primene magnentih polja razliĉitih frekvencija i njegovo delovanje na organizme. Višegodišnje istraţivanje (2013-2017) je sprovedeno u laboratorijskim uslovima Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, kako bi se istraţio uticaj stimulacije semena sa pulsirajućim elektromagnentim poljem (PEMF) na procenat klijavosti zrna soje sorte Valjevka. Varijante stimulacije su bile kombinacije razliĉitih frekvencija 16, 24, 30 i 72 Hz u trajanju od 0 (kontrola), 30, 60 i 90 minuta. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da je stimulacija semena statistiĉki visoko znaĉajno uticala na klijavost semena.In addition to the natural component of the environment, such as the Earth's geomagnetic field, to which the entire living world is exposed, technological innovations in the application of magnetic fields of different frequencies and its effect on organisms have an increasing influence. A multi-year study (2013-2017) was conducted in the laboratory conditions of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, in order to investigate the influence of stimulation of seeds with a pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) on the germination percentage of soybeans of the Valjevka variety. Stimulation variants were combinations of different frequencies 16, 24, 30 and 72 Hz for 0 (control), 30, 60 and 90 minutes. The obtained results showed that seed stimulation had a statistically significant effect on seed germination
Control of garlic rust with foliar fungicides
No full textThe causal agent of garlic rust represents an important pathogen in the Republic of Serbia and worldwide. It leads to a decrease in yield and dry matter content, as well as the bulbs market value. The use of tolerant genotypes and agrotechniques is the first requirement in the control strategy. However, uredospores are spread by wind, so that the aforementioned measures are of limited effectiveness. Therefore, chemical control is one of the available options. In the Republic of Serbia, the only registered fungicide for the control of garlic rust is a.s. azoxystrobin. In practice, this fungicide has limited effectiveness. Due to that fact, the aim of the paper is to test the effectiveness of fungicides that were previously registered for the control of pathogens from the rust group in the case of other plant species. The investigation included active substances (a.s.) and combinations: azoxystrobin; fluxapiroxad + difenoconazole; spiroxamine + tebuconazole + prothioconazole; benzovindiflupir + prothioconazole; copper from copper hydroxide. The use of the combination of a.s. benzovindiflupir + prothioconazole twice, in an interval of seven days, produced the highest efficiency of 91.45% and 93.88%. High efficiency minimizes losses that may occur due to premature drying of leaves under the influence of pathogens
Quality parameters of 'nugget' type Cucurbita maxima fruits under high-temperature stress
No full textAmong various Cucurbita maxima cultivars, the 'nugget' type has recently gained popularity among both producers and consumers. The semi-bush plants yield small to medium-sized fruits that are bright orange colored, with a distinctive brown pattern. The fruits are transverse to broadly elliptic in shape. The 'nugget' fruits are particularly noted for their pleasant nutty flavor and relatively high carotenoid content. The study aimed to assess variability in fruit quality parameters (weight, number per plant, dry weight content, flesh juice pH, fresh weight sugar and carotenoid content) within a breeding collection of 30 'nugget' type C. maxima accessions. Additionally, the study sought to assess the effect of high-temperature stress during the reproductive phase of plant development on these parameters. For that purpose, a comparative analysis of field-grown plants across two temperate and two high-temperature stress growing seasons was conducted. The accessions exhibited significant variation across all analyzed parameters, establishing a strong foundation for breeding high-quality varieties. High-temperature stress predominantly impacted carotenoid content, which was reduced by an average of 27.1% compared to temperate seasons. Additionally, sugar content and fruit weight were decreased by 15.2% and 5.7%, respectively. Conversely, flesh dry weight content was increased by 28.6%, while the number of fruits per plant and flesh juice pH remained largely unchanged. The differential response among accessions suggests variability in stress tolerance, which may be crucial for maintaining fruit quality under increasingly frequent high-temperature conditions.This is a poster presented at the 13th EUCARPIA meeting on Cucurbit genetics and breeding, held on 3-6 November 2024 in Vico Equense, Italy. The published abstract is available in this repository here: [https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_fiver_5259
Simulacija oštećenja od grada na regeneraciju i prinos soje (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)
Get PDFThe most common mechanical damage to soybean in the agroecological conditions of Serbia occurs after the appearance of hail, floods or due to damage from wild animals and insects. In recent years, extreme temperatures accompanied by drought have been increasingly recorded during the summer months, as well as the appearance of hail, which has become frequent during the growing season of spring crops. The aim of this work was to determine the consequences and the extent of yield reduction if hail occurs in the generative stages of soybean development. The occurrence of hail in the R1 (beginning bloom) and R3 (beginning pod) stages of development in the form of plant damage was simulated. This paper will present the results of how three soybean varieties reacted after simulated hail damage in two stages of generative development and what the effects were on yield, height, number of fertile nodes, as well as percentage of plant regeneration. The trial was set up in 2020 as a two-factorial experiment in three replications. Three soybean varieties were sown in late April. In order to simulate hail damage, the plants were cut to a height of 15 cm to ensure at least two nodes and enable the regeneration of the plants. The stage of development of soybean, i.e. the moment of hail damage, had a direct impact on the yield, the number of regenerated plants, as well as the number of fertile nodes.Najčešća mehanička oštećenja na biljkama soje u agroekološkim uslovima Srbije nastaju nakon pojave grada, poplava ili zbog oštećenja od divljači i insekata. Poslednjih godina sve više su zabeležene ekstremne temperature praćene sušom u toku letnjih meseci, kao i pojava grada koja je postala česta u toku vegetacionog perioda jarih kultura. Cilj ovoga rada je da se utvrdi kakve su posledice i kolika mogu biti smanjenja prinosa ukoliko dođe do pojave grada u generativnim fazama razvoja soje, te je simulirana pojava grada u R1 (početak cvetanja) i R3 (početak stvaranja mahuna) fazi razvoja u vidu oštećenja biljaka. U ovom radu će biti prikazani rezultati kako su reagovale tri sorte soje nakon simuliranog oštećenja od grada u dve faze generativnog razvoja i kakav je uticaj na prinos, visinu, broj fertilnih nodija, kao i na procenat regeneracije biljaka. Ogled je postavljen 2020. godine kao dvofaktorijalni eksperiment u tri ponavljanja. Tri sorte soje su posejane u poslednjoj dekadi aprila. Za simulaciju oštećenja od grada, biljke su posečene na visinu od 15 cm, kako bi se obezbedila najmanje dva nodusa i omogućila regeneracija biljaka. Faza razvoja soje, odnosno momenat oštećenja od grada, ima direktan uticaj na prinos, broj regenerisanih biljaka, kao i broj fertilnih nodusa
Exploration of drought stress response and stress transcriptional memory mediated by epigenetic mechanisms in Helianthus annuus L.
No full textSunflower (Helianthus annuus) is a rapidly growing and robust crop cultivated globally. However, like many other crops, this species is encountering new challenges due to climate change. Three greenhouse experiments were set up between March and May 2024, exposing to moderate drought stress four sunflower genotypes, DFAB1 and ABOR8 (susceptible) and ABOR6 and DFAB2 (tolerant). Seeds were provided by the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops (IFVCNS). Our aim was to determine the molecular and epigenetic response to stress. In particular, whether there is a stress transcriptional memory mediated by epigenetic mechanisms, how chromatin modifications induced by stress can be transmitted and how long they persist within the same generation.Details on the Congress and all communications here [https://www.geneticagraria.it/lxvii-siga-annual-congress/?action=getabstracts&sid=4
Whole-genome Sequencing of Tetraploid Potato Varieties Reveals Different Strategies of Drought Tolerance
No full textThis is a training material from the workshop for IFVCNS researchers titled Omics in Improvement for Drought Tolerance held on 4-5 September 2024 by UROS within CROPINNO project. The material covers the study and strategies of drought tolerance, SNPs, QTL analysis, and candidate genes.Workshop program and report [https://fiver.ifvcns.rs/handle/123456789/5594
What do you need to consider before embarking on high-throughput plant phenotyping?
No full textThis is a training material from the workshop for IFVCNS researchers titled Non-invasive plant phenotyping approaches and research infrastructure management, held on 4-5 March 2024 at FZJ within CROPINNO project. The material covers High-Throughput Plant Phenotyping (HTPP), different systems, adjustments, constraints and calibration curves.Workshop program, report and pictures [https://fiver.ifvcns.rs/handle/123456789/5598
STSM Phenotyping for drought tolerance held in February 2024 in UROS report
No full textThis dataset contains the report from STSM Phenotyping for drought tolerance held on 5-9 February 2024 in UROS for two IFVCNS researchers within CROPINNO project. It highlights the work done, main achievements and planned follow-up activities
Online staff training Scientific Management held in April 2024 CSIC program, report and picture
No full textThis dataset contains the program, report and a zoom participant picture from online staff training Scientific Management held on 3-4 April 2024 by CSIC in Córdoba and Madrid for IFVCNS administrative staff and researchers within CROPINNO project. It highlights the work done, main achievements and planned follow-up activities
Genome-wide identification of loci associated with phenology traits in winter wheat
No full textGenome-wide association analysis (GWAS) was conducted for phenology-related traits in a panel of 259 bread wheat accessions consisted of varieties, breeding lines and doubled haploids originating from 30 countries. The phenotypic data for: flag leaf emergence, booting time, heading date, flowering date and maturity time were collected during three growing seasons at locality Rimski Sancevi in Serbia. The panel was genotyped using the 90 K iSELECT chip, while four multivariate GWAS models (BLINK, FarmCPU, MMLM, and CMLM) were applied to detect statistically significant associations (LOD>5.4). Among 17,093 SNPs that remained after filtering (>10% missing data and MAF <5%), 18 showed associations stable for different models and environments. The most interesting genomic regions were detected for 6 SNPs on chromosomes 1A (Ra_c58315_265), 1B (BobWhite_c14158_112), 2D (JD_c63957_1176, tplb0053n05_793, tplb0057n10_689) and 3B (Tdurum_contig21756_137) chromosome. All these SNPs, except BobWhite_c14158_112, showed negative effects on analyzed phenology traits, promoting earlier heading and flowering time. The two SNPs on 2D chromosome, tplb0053n05_793 and tplb0057n10_689, which showed the highest number of associations, were located inside the gene TraesCS2D02G056100. This gene controls the expression of S-acyltransferase, an enzyme involved in S-acylation that plays critical roles in various of protein functions involved in plant development and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. The obtained results can contribute to a better understanding of the genetic control of wheat phenology-related traits that play a crucial role in wheat adaptation to different environmental factors