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Bacillus Species: Excellent Biocontrol Agents against Tomato Diseases
No full textTomatoes encounter many pathogens, such as fungi and bacteria, which reduce the yield and
quality of plants and lead to large losses in production. The application of plant protection products
(PPPs) is still an important and most effective measure to control plant diseases. However, the use of chemicals in agriculture contributes to environmental pollution and biodiversity loss, and it can also threaten non-target living organisms. Biological control is a widely accessible, environmentally safe, and cost-efficient alternative for the prevention and suppression of plant diseases. Bacillus species with antimicrobial and plant growth-promoting effects are most frequently used as biocontrol agents to increase the resilience of agricultural production against biotic stresses. The present review discusses the antagonistic mechanisms and the biocontrol potential of Bacillus spp. against tomato diseases caused by different pathogens. The main mechanisms of Bacillus spp. include the production of antimicrobial compounds (antibiotics, extracellular enzymes, siderophores, and volatile compounds), competition for nutrients and space, and induced systemic resistance (ISR). Although Bacillus-based PPPs have been developed and commercialised worldwide for various crops and pathogens, the efficiency issues are still subject to debate. Additionally, a combined strategy for controlling tomato diseases based on Bacillus spp. and other available methods (conventional or natural-based) is a promising research field
Enhancing phytoextraction potential of Brassica napus for contaminated dredged sediment using nitrogen fertilizers and organic acids
Get PDFDredged sediment contaminated with heavy metals can be remediated through phytoremediation. The main challenge in phytoremediation is the limited availability of heavy metals for plant uptake, particularly in multi-contaminated soil or sediment. This study aimed to assess the effect of the nitrogen fertilizers ammonium nitrate (AN), ammonium sulfate (AS), and urea (UR)), organic acids (oxalic (OA) and malic (MA) acids), and their combined addition to sediment on enhancing the bioavailability and phytoremediation efficiency of heavy metals. The sediment dredged from Begej Canal (Serbia) had high levels of Cr, Cd, Cu, and Pb and was used in pot experiments to cultivate energy crop rapeseed Brassica napus), which is known for its tolerance to heavy metals. The highest accumulation and translocation of Cu, Cd, and Pb were observed in the treatment with AN at a dose of 150 mg N/kg (AN150), in which shoot biomass was also the highest. The application of OA and MA increased heavy metal uptake but resulted in the lowest biomass production. A combination of MA with N fertilizers showed high uptake and accumulation of Cr and Cu
The Effect of Biotic Stress in Plant Species Induced by ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’—An Artificial Neural Network Approach
Get PDFInfections with phytoplasma present one of the most significant biotic stresses influencing plant health, growth, and production. The phytoplasma ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ infects a variety of plant species. This pathogen impacts the physiological and morphological characteristics of plants causing stunting, yellowing, leaf curling, and other symptoms that can lead to significant economic losses. The aim of this study was to determine biochemical changes in peony (Paeonia tenuifolia L.), mint (Mentha × piperita L.), and dill (Anethum graveolens L.) induced by ‘Ca. Phytoplasma solani’ in Serbia as well as to predict the impact of the biotic stress using artificial neural network (ANN) modeling. The phylogenetic position of the Serbian ‘Ca. Phytoplasma solani’ strains originated from the tested hosts using 16S rRNA (peony and carrot strains) and plsC (mint and dill strains) sequences indicated by their genetic homogeneity despite the host of origin. Biochemical parameters significantly differed in asymptomatic and symptomatic plants, except for total anthocyanidins contents in dill and the capacity of peony and mint extracts to neutralize superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals, respectively. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed a correlation between different chemical parameters and revealed a clear separation among the samples. Based on the ANN performance, the optimal number of hidden neurons for the calculation of TS, RG, PAL, LP, NBT, •OH, TP, TT, Tflav, Tpro, Tant, DPPH, and Car was nine (using MLP 8-9-13), as it produced high r2 values (1.000 during the training period) and low SOS values. Developing an effective early warning system for the detection of plant diseases in different plant species is critical for improving crop yield and quality
NS H 8289, hibrid suncokreta
No full textNS H 8289, hibrid suncokreta, priznat od strane Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede, Uprava za zaštitu bilja, rešenje broj 320-04-3817/2/2022-11 od 26.04.2024. godine, Beograd, Republika Srbij
Identifying ways for the reduction of free asparagine levels in cereal cultivars
No full textAcrylamide is a carcinogenic chemical compound that can form during high-temperature processing of particularly carbohydrate-rich foods such as frying, roasting and baking as a result of the Maillard reaction. It is considered a potential health hazard. The amino acid asparagine is necessary for the formation of acrylamide. Nowadays the challenge is to establish a multi-disciplinary research to reduce acrylamide formation in cereal foods: a) Plant breeding and genetic tools - low asparagine grains selection which means choose grains that are naturally lower in asparagine, an amino acid that react with sugars to form acrylamide during cooking; b) Assessing diversity of asparagine in cereal species and cultivars c) Cereal production and/or field management (farming) practices - N2 application, resistance to biotic & abiotic stress, organic low-input, conventional systems; d) Minimize reducing sugars, as they react with asparagine to form acrylamide; e) Monitoring and Quality Control - screening free asparagine level in cereal grains and cereal products for acrylamide levels to ensure they remain within acceptable limits. Strategies for lowering acrylamide levels in cereal products need to reduce asparagine in cereal cultivars. Improvement and update processing methods based on the latest research and providing recommendations for farmers and industry to further reduce free asparagine and consequently acrylamide levels in breakfast cereals is an important topic for future
NS Bosut, hibrid ozime uljane repice
No full textRešenje Uprave za zaštitu bilja Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srbije br. 320-04-7367/2022-11 od 24.12.2024. godin
Cereal-legume intercropping for enhancing soil fertility in sustainable agriculture
No full textThe intercropping of legumes with cereals offers scope for developing energy-efficient and sustainable agriculture. Legume supported systems have a high potential for mitigating climate change through the reduction of fossil fuel use and GHG emissions, as well as increasing C sequestration. Long-term intercropping increases soil C sequestration compared to monoculture, with the changes in C storage ranging from -0.020 to 0.184 t C/ha/yr. Intercropping increases crop yields and it provides several ecological services such as pest, disease and weed control, soil biodiversity, and it has positive effects on nutrient use efficiency and soil quality. The aim of this research was to examine the influence of intercropping on some soil properties. Two-year trials (2021-2023) were carried out on the experimental fields of the IFVCNS. Treatments: intercropping (winter wheat + forage pea)-I; winter wheat-WW; forage pea-FP; control-C. Soil samples were taken in autumn and in May. The lowest K content was found in WW variant, 2.21 % and was significantly lower compared to FP (2.67 %). The content of K in I variant was 2.31 %. The P content was the highest in the FP (2.71 %), and the lowest in the WW variant (2.10 %). The content of P in the I variant was 2.31%. Total N content was the lowest in the WW (0.16 %) and in the C variant (0.17%). The results from the FP and I variant were 0.18 %. The lowest SOC content was obtained in WW (12.7 g/kg) and then in the C variant (13.33 g/kg). The highest SOC content was in FP, 13.90 g/kg, and in the I variant, 13.83 g/kg. Although the SOC content was slightly higher, positive C balance cannot be found automatically, it takes many years. Long term results will be climate change mitigation and a significant contribution to climate neutrality through enhanced C sequestration. Intercropping as well as single legume crop are a good options for enhancing soil fertility.[https://centennialiuss2024.org/
Toward an Environmentally Friendly Future: An Overview of Biofuels from Corn and Potential Alternatives in Hemp and Cucurbits
No full textIncreased energy consumption and climate change, driven by greenhouse gas emissions, pose significant risks to global sustainability. Concerns about using agricultural land for fuel production and its competition with food production have made feedstocks like corn (Zea mays) highly controversial. This study explores the potential of alternative feedstocks, such as hemp (Cannabis sativa) and cucurbits (family Cucurbitaceae), for biofuel production amidst environmental concerns linked to fossil fuel usage. Hemp is widely acknowledged as a promising feedstock for sustainable biorefinery due to its agricultural adaptability and its ability to produce oil and carbohydrates. Cucurbits seeds are characterized by a high oil content, which can be utilized in the food industry or for energy production as biofuel. As a byproduct of cucurbits processing, a significant number of seeds often remains, which constitutes waste. By examining hemp and cucurbit byproducts and waste, which are suitable for bioenergy production, this research highlights the promise these alternative feedstocks hold for the biofuel industry. Utilizing these resources presents a viable route to diminish dependence on fossil fuels and transition toward a more environmentally sustainable energy future
Assessment of Various Nanoprimings for Boosting Pea Germination and Early Growth in Both Optimal and Drought-Stressed Environments
No full textOne of the main climate change-related variables limiting agricultural productivity that
ultimately leads to food insecurity appears to be drought. With the use of a recently discovered
nanopriming technology, seeds can endure various abiotic challenges. To improve seed quality and
initial growth of 8-day-old field pea seedlings (cv. NS Junior) under optimal and artificial drought
(PEG-induced) laboratory conditions, this study aimed to assess the efficacy of priming with three
different nanomaterials: Nanoplant Ultra (Co, Mn, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mo, and Se), Nanoplant Ca-Si (Ca,
Si, B, and Fe), and Nanoplant Sulfur (S). The findings indicate that nanopriming seed treatments
have a positive impact on seed quality indicators, early plant growth, and drought resilience in field
pea plants established in both optimal and drought-stressed conditions. Nevertheless, all treatments
showed a positive effect, but their modes of action varied. Nanoplant Ultra proved to be the most
effective under optimal conditions, whereas Nanoplant Ca-Si and Nanoplant Sulfur were the most
efficient under drought stress. After a field evaluation, the examined comprehensive nanomaterials
may be utilized as priming agents for pea seed priming to boost seed germination, initial plant
growth, and crop productivity under various environmental conditions
Effect of mulching and fertilizing on yield and quality of kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes L.)
No full textKohlrabi is a short vegetation vegetable species from Brassicaceae family. In 2010 was examined influence of soil mulching with black polyethylene film and fertilizing on the yield and quality of kohlrabi. The trial was carried out during May and June on the experimental field of Agricultural Extension Service Sombor at the Toplana location. The two-factor experiment was set up in split-plot method in four replications. The main plots (factor A) include an experiment without mulching (control) and an experiment with mulching with a black polyethylene film. The sub plots (factor B) were fertilization treatments: 1. control - without fertilization (K); 2. mature cattle manure (CM), 3. composted pig manure (PM), 4. NPK fertilizer. Soil mulching with black polyethylene film significantly increased the kohlrabi total yield (20.8%) compared to the unmalched control. On average, all fertilization treatments achieved higher swollen stem weight compared to the control without fertilization. The average thickened stem weight on mulched plots was 310.8 g and 18.4% higher than control without mulch. All fertilization treatments achieved higher dry matter content compared to the control without fertilization. Based on the obtained results black polyethylene mulch should be used in mid-early kohlrabi production