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Differentiation of faba bean and grass pea based on GC-MS analysis of amino acids
No full textFood authenticity has become one of the most popular topics in the world, especially in Europe. Due to their richness in proteins, fiber, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins, legumes are very important for human diet. However, legume authenticity is still an unexplored area. The aim of this work was to differentiate faba bean and grass pea samples based on free amino acid composition. Free amino acids were extracted from the legume samples and derivatized using ethyl chloroformate (ECF). A GC-MS analysis (gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry) of the prepared samples was performed and the obtained chromatograms were processed in terms to identify eluting amino acids. Peak surface areas of the identified compounds were collected into a data matrix. The data matrix was created for further data processing. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA), as a multivariate statistic tools, were applied to the data matrix to differentiate the legume samples. Dendrogram with the similarity level of 0.5, obtained by hierarchical cluster analysis, demonstrates clear separation of faba bean and grass pea samples into two clusters. Similarity level of faba bean cluster was about 0.67, while similarity level of grass pea cluster was about 0.71. Principal component analysis was employed to create a 3D PCA score plot that enabled distinguishing of the analysed legume samples. Grass pea samples were clustered together in the second octant of the 3D PCA score plot, completely separated from faba bean samples. Considering the obtained results, proposed method for differentiation of faba bean and grass pea shows a great potential in legume authentication based on free amino acid composition
Development of skills in the 21st century the success of modern education
No full textThe new realities of the 21st century have changed the goals and quality of education all over the world. The new directions and ways of thinking of the time do not eliminate the leading and decisive role of the teacher in the learning process, but of course, they assign a more active and central role to students and impose new approaches and methods of teaching. Digital skills and literacy will become a necessity, and information technology will become an integral part of everyday life, as will the professional and pedagogical competencies of trainers. In the new era, the most successful teachers will be those who address the personal development of their students and teach them important social and emotional skills. It is in the synchronicity and balance between new and flexible forms of learning (which are based on distance learning), the trainer-mentor and the students of the so-called digital generation that the effectiveness of the educational process lies. The process continues today. A new approach to teaching practice, adapted to the 21st century, requires that teachers be willing to help future teachers in this regard. The proposed study is aimed at the training of students and practice for classes of the future
Oddities of the history of botanical terminology: how many cussate can phyllotaxis be?
No full textThe contemporary botanical terminology stems from a lasting tradition. Although some of the existing terms have a clear etymology, the others may comprise oddities. This paper is devoted to a series of terms describing phyllotaxis, such as decussate, tricussate and alike, up to hexacussate found in some sources. The first member of this series, decussate, has been used in human anatomy for a long time and originates from the Latin decussare “to intersect in X-shaped way”. However, tricussate was introduced in the 1870s by George Henslow who most likely reinterpreted the de- of decussate as denoting two and hence replaceable with other numerals. Such an innovation may seem surprising from the perspectives of etymology, but it remarkably gave rise to a series of related terms. These seem to have been implanted in the botanical lexicon, regardless of their eccentric origin. However, the terms describing the numbers of organs per floral whorl and leaves per verticil on a vegetative shoot might benefit from unification
The influence of effective microorganisms on the yield and quality of individual seed components of different soybean genotypes
No full textSoybean as a member of the legume family has a high economic value, thanks to the high protein and oil content of the seed. In addition, its importance is evidenced by its breeding potential and symbiosis with nodulating bacteria, which facilitates production in increasingly extreme climatic conditions and degraded soil conditions. Considering the need to search for optimal solutions in the production of this legume, in order to achieve high yields and grain quality, research was conducted to determine the effect of applying a microbiological preparation containing effective microorganisms on the yield, and protein and oil content of soybeans. Research was conducted in the period 2016–2018 (factor A), on 6 different soybean genotypes belonging to different ripening groups: 0 (Galina and Valjevka), I (Sava and NS Apolo) and II (Rubin and NS Zita) (factor B), and under fertilization treatments: F0 – control, F1 – NPK fertilizer, and F2 – NPK + microbiological preparation (incorporated into the soil and two foliar treatments) (factor C). It was shown that the application of NPK fertilization treatment in combination with effective microorganisms was the most beneficial for all investigated parameters, with a high statistical significance. This treatment increased yield by 15.67%, protein content by 0.34% and oil content by 0.47% compared to the control. The additional importance of this research is the simultaneous positive impact on protein and oil contents in soybeans, given that they are generally negatively correlated.Soja kao član porodice mahunarki ima visoku ekonomsku vrednost, zahvaljujući visokom sadržaju proteina i sadržaju ulja u semenu. Osim toga, njen značaj se ogleda u mogućnosti oplemenjivanja sorti i simbiozi sa kvržičnim bakterijama, te je olakšana proizvodnja u sve ekstremnijim klimatskim uslovima i degradiranim zemljišnim uslovima. S obzirom na potrebu traženja optimalnih rešenja u proizvodnji ove mahunarke, u cilju postizanja visokih prinosa i kvaliteta zrna, sprovedena su istraživanja kako bi se utvrdio efekat primene mikrobiološkog preparata sa efektivnim mikroorganizmima na prinos i sadržaj proteina i ulja u zrnu soje. Istraživanja su sprovedena u periodu 2016–2018 (faktor A), na 6 različitih genotipova soje različitih grupa zrenja: 0 (Galina i Valjevka), I (Sava i NS Apolo) i II (Rubin i NS Zita) (faktor B) i tretmanima đubrenja: F0 – kontrola, F1 – NPK đubrivo i F2 – NPK + mikrobiološki preparat (inkorporiran u zemljište i dva folijarna tretmana) (faktor C). Pokazalo se da je primena tretmana NPK đubrenja u kombinaciji sa efektivnim mikroorganizmima bila najkorisnija za sve ispitivane parametre, sa visokom statističkom značajnošću. Ovaj tretman je uticao na povećanje prinosa za 15,67%, sadržaja proteina za 0,34% i sadržaja ulja za 0,47% u odnosu na kontrolu. Dodatni značaj ovog istraživanja je istovremeni pozitivan uticaj na sadržaj proteina i ulja u zrnu soje, s obzirom na to da su oni generalno u negativnoj korelaciji
Professionalisation of science management: EARMA and other initiatives
No full textThis is a material from the training delivered by the Service for Internationalisation Strategies, Vice-presidency for International Affairs, CSIC, Spain on 4 April 2024 to the administration staff of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Serbia within the CROPINNO project. The material covers research management in the European Research Area, Horizon Europe projects, The European Association of Research Managers and Administrators (EARMA), and activities in CSIC related to research management
Staff training Knowledge transfer, Dissemination and Communication held in September 2024 CSIC program, report and pictures
No full textThis dataset contains the program, report and participant pictures from staff training Knowledge transfer, Dissemination and Communication held on 25-26 September 2024 by CSIC for four IFVCNS administrative staff members within CROPINNO project. It highlights the work done, main achievements and planned follow-up activities
Nitrogen use efficiency in modern wheat cultivars affected by sowing dates
No full textTo enhance wheat productivity through advancements in crop production technology and breeding methodology, it is necessary to improve our understanding of the physiological processes associated with biomass accumulation, nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency. Therefore, a field trial with six winter wheat cultivars grown under conditions of four different sowing dates during two growing seasons was conducted to quantify the influence of cultivars and sowing date on variation in nitrogen use efficiency traits, biomass accumulation and nitrogen uptake, and their role in grain yield and nitrogen yield determination. Results showed that delaying sowing from October to November reduced grain yield by 1.49 t ha−1 on average per sowing date, and also caused a reduction of 14.6 and 14.3 kg ha−1 in nitrogen uptake at anthesis and maturity, respectively. Late sowing negatively impacted both grain yield and nitrogen grain yield in winter wheat cultivars, which was attributed to changes in biomass accumulation and nitrogen uptake at anthesis and maturity, as well as a decrease in nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen uptake efficiency. The decrease in nitrogen use efficiency under late sowing was primarily due to a decrease in nitrogen uptake efficiency, as the increase in nitrogen utilization efficiency could not compensate for the nitrogen uptake efficiency decrease. The study findings suggest that midearly cultivars produced the highest average grain under different sowing conditions, mainly due to greater biomass accumulation during the pre-anthesis period, which provided additional nitrogen storage capacity. Therefore, under conditions of the Pannonian Plain wheat producers should be focused on the medium early cultivars characterized by increased pre-anthesis biomass accumulation
Soja u 2023. godini
No full textPrema procenama Poslovne zajednice za industrijsko bilje, soja je u 2023. godini bila zasejana na površini od 165.000 hektara, a ostvareni prosečni prinosi su oko 3.000 kgha-1. Može se reći da je 2023. godina bila povoljna za proizvodnju soje, a prosečni prinosi bi bili i veći da u vreme nalivanja zrna nismo imali veoma visoke temperature praćene nedostatkom vlage i toplim vetrovima koji su doprineli povećanoj transpiraciji, prinudnom sazrevanju biljaka soje i svakako smanjenju očekivanih prinosa
Secretory Tissues and Volatile Components of Disc Florets in Several Wild Helianthus L. Species
No full textAlthough flower pollinator interactions are known to be mediated by floral traits, not enough attention has been paid to the research of secretory tissues and volatile components of sunflower disc florets as potentially important parameters in breeding programs. (1) To our knowledge, this is the first integrated study aimed at better understanding the attractiveness of sunflower capitula to insects. In the study, we have made a very detailed comparative analysis of secretory tissues and the characterization of the volatile components (VOCs) of disc florets in 10 wild perennial Helianthus species. (2) For anatomical analyses, cross-sections were obtained from the nectary zone of disc florets using a cryotechnique procedure. Micromorphological observation and morphological and anatomical analysis of disc florets were performed using light and scanning electron microscopy. For VOCs, we applied headspace, GC-FID, and GC/MS analyses. (3) The obtained results indicate that there is a difference between the analyzed traits among studied species. H. eggertii, H. hirsutus, H. mollis, H. resinosus, and H. tuberosus had high disc diameter values, a high cross-section area and disc floret corolla length, as well as the largest cross-section area and thickness of the disc florets nectary. In the analyzed VOCs, 30 different compounds were detected. The highest yield and quantity of α-Pinene was observed in H. mollis. (4) Inflorescence features, such as receptacle diameter, corolla and secretory tissue properties, and floret VOCs production and characterization, provided valuable information that can be used as guidelines in sunflower breeding programs to maximize pollinator attractiveness and increase seed yield
Breadmaking potential of sourdoughs made with wholegrain flour derived from old wheat landraces and varieties
No full textWheat breeding efforts, which have been focused narrowly on crop yield increases, have
caused a reduction in genetic diversity. Namely, old wheat landraces have been unfairly
neglected and reduced to small quantities in gene banks and, at lesser extent, in farm private
collections for a long time. However, the local landraces and the traditional old varieties of
wheat have gained new attention, presumably owing to the increased public awareness of the
need to preserve genetic diversity and the increased consumers’ demand for genuine and
traditional foods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rheological properties of
wholegrain flour from three different wheat species (7riticum aestivum subsp. aestivum, black
grain bread wheat variety; Triticum turgidum subsp. durum, durum wheat; and Triticum
aestivum subsp. spelta, spelt wheat) and to test their suitability to produce spontaneously
fermented sourdough as an adequate leavening agent in wheat bread production. Spontaneous
fermentation of flours was carried out for 5 days with back-slopping every 24 h (dough yield
of 200) at 25°C. After achieving mature sourdough, the bread was prepared by replacing
refined wheat flour at a 20% level with sourdough samples. Bread with the addition of
sourdough made of modern wheat varicties and bakery yeast-fermented bread were used as
controls. The technological properties of the wholegrain flours estimated by means of
Mixolab indicated rather good protein quality and the ability to form doughs with good
stability in all tested samples. The black grain wheat variety showed significantly longer
dough development times and higher mixing and dough stability, while the GlutoPeak
parameters obtained for this variety were comparable to those of modern wheat. The addition
of sourdough from old wheat landraces resulted in breads of similar specific volume and
texture. Regarding the sensory evaluation, the most prominent differences were obtained for
the textural, odour, and flavour properties. Breads with the addition of old wheat sourdough
stood out from the control samples in terms of yeast and vinegar odour and flavour notes. The
results reported herein showed that the technological performance of old wheat flour,
especially when combined with sourdough processes, could be successfully exploited for the
production of breads comparable to those of modern wheat varieties