5782 research outputs found
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NS 3037, hibrid kukuruza
No full textRešenje Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede, Uprave za zaštitu bilja, Broj: 320-04-02090/2/2022-11, od 24.04.2024
Screening of interspecific and varietal differences in small grains’ suitability for Sitophilus oryzae (L.) development
No full textThe rice weevil [Sitophilus oryzae (L.)] is an economically important polyphagous primary pest of different grain commodities and cereal-based products (Stejskal et al., 2004). It is often a limiting factor in a post-harvest storage of small grains in Serbia. The rice weevil's preference for wheat has been previously confirmed, in comparison to other small grains (Athanassiou et al., 2008; Majd-Marani et al., 2023), although weevils development and population growth can be influenced not only by the grain species but also by a variety (Dohertry, 2023). Therefore, defining an exact seed trait (physio-morphological, nutritive trait, biochemical composition etc.) that affects insect’s bionomy is a crucial for differentiating suitable and/or tolerant varieties. Further knowledge on the suitability of a certain grain commodity and variety, as well as the specific responsible trait, is important for improving pest management programs and developing new breeding strategies.IOBC-WPRS Bulletin, vol. 173, 202
Selection of materials for research using size and weight of sunflower seed
No full textOne of the most important tasks when planning research is the correct selection of materials for experiments, especially if the same material will be tested over the years. During processing, natural seeds are uniform in size and weight and separated into fractions. Even though the seed is of the same origin and from the same locality, there are differences in the quality parameters between the fractions. The seeds of four sunflower genotypes were divided into larger and smaller fractions, and within them into heavier and lighter fractions. On average, the differences in 1000-seed mass between all tested fractions were significant. The hull content ranged from 21.2% in Sumo 2 Or to 25.85% in the Sumo 1 Pr and was on average significantly higher in the large seed fractions. The exception was the Sumo 3 genotype, where the lighter fractions had a significantly higher hull content. The oil content was significantly higher in the lighter seed fractions (42.45% and 42.22%), while in the protein content all differences were significant. On average, the largest protein content was in the fraction of large and heavier seeds (22.52%), while the smallest was in smaller and heavier seeds (20.82%). Germination, as the most important parameter of seed viability, was higher in smaller seed fractions, and there were significant differences between smaller and lighter seeds compared to large seed fractions (3.82% and 2.44%). The results indicate that with these four genotypes, lighter and smaller seeds are more suitable for research, which is contrary to common practice
Molecular diversity analysis of local wheat genetic resources from Serbia and Bulgaria
No full textMolecular diversity analyses of crop genetic resources contribute to understanding genetic
variation, gene discovery, identifying valuable traits for crop improvement, adapting to changing
environments, food security and sustainable agriculture. Germplasm in collections and gene banks
is insufficiently characterized and consequently largely underutilized in breeding programs. The
aim of this study was to assess the molecular diversity of old traditional varieties and local
landraces of bread wheat that originate from Serbia and Bulgaria. The 79 wheat accessions, 38
Serbian and 41 Bulgarian, collected within the FAO’s Benefit-Sharing Fund project, were analyzed
with 47 microsatellites. The total of 402 alleles was detected with an average of 8.55 alleles per
locus. The average PIC value was 0.612, while the average gene diversity was 0.643. For all
parameters of genetic diversity, the landraces showed higher level of diversity that the varieties,
indicating that selection and breeding process lead to the diversity bottleneck. However, this
difference can be contributed only to Serbian accessions, since the Bulgarian landraces and
varieties differed very little. The gene diversity, number of alleles and PIC were considerably
higher among Serbian accessions compared to Bulgarian. The UPGMA clearly separated Serbian
and Bulgarian accessions. The landraces and varieties from Serbia formed two distinct groups, but
the Bulgarian accessions did not group by type. The results indicate differences in relatedness of
the accessions and breeding practices in two countries, contributing to knowledge needed to utilize
local wheat genetic resources in breeding climate-resilient varieties
Sugar Beet: Perspectives for the Future
No full textThe objectives of this study are to investigate the possibility of utilizing sugar beet for biogas production with a high methane content. For the last three hundred years, it has been an important source of sugar, particularly in Europe and other temperate regions of the world, but changes in modern agriculture, world trade and economics have led to a decline in the use of sugar beet as a raw material for sugar factories. As sugar is an important product and an important ingredient for many industries, sugar beet will continue to be grown in many countries for strategic reasons. Nevertheless, this plant has become an interesting source for many new byproducts and technologies. The sugar beet root not only has a sugar content of about 20%, but also contains an abundance of pectin, cellulose, hemicellulose and other materials that are used for the production of textiles and biodegradable materials such as bioplastics. Due to global warming and the rise in average temperatures in many regions of the world, the energy sector will rely on biofuels such as bioethanol and biogas. Many countries are acquiring automotive technology based on the use of ethanol. Biogas with a high methane content can be produced through the use of sugar beet fermentation technology. This is also an acceptable alternative and a way to move to more environmentally friendly energy sources. Many regions of the world have problems with saline soils. Since sugar beets has a high tolerance to salt, they can be grown on these soils to improve fertility and other soil properties and create a more suitable environment for plant and human life. The sugar beet grown on these soils can be used as animal feed or as a raw material for various industries to produce paper, bioplastics or biogas and ethanol. Byproducts of the sugar industry such as molasses and beet pulp can be used for several purposes. Molasses is an environmentally friendly product derived from sugar manufacturing process from beat and are being utilized for several byproducts. Intercropping sugar beet with other crops has many advantages. Sugar beet products as feed for dairy cows has increased the quantity and quality of milk. Sugar beet has found its place in the circular economy and in many new technological byproducts. Many countries have launched programs to breed and develop new products of using sugar beet
NS Oliva SUMO, hibrid suncokreta (Rumunija)
No full textNS OLIVA SUMO, hibrid suncokreta, priznat je od strane Ministarstva za poljoprivredu Rumunije (Ministerul agriculturii si dezvoltarii rurale), rešenje Nacionalnog Instituta za testiranje i registraciju biljnih vrsta (Institutul de stat pentru testarea si inregistrarea soiurilor (ISTIS) broj 2653 od 04.04.2024. godine, Bukurešt, Rumunija
Maize breeding and climate change challenges
No full textClimate change pose a significant threat to maize production. In the last decade, we have experienced severe drought, floods, supercell storm and a heat dome. As a consequence, in some years the grain yield was dramatically reduced due to lack of precipitations, the grain quality was compromised due to presence of mycotoxins, in some years the yield was lost due to lodging but in some others due to extreme heat and drought. The improved growing solutions are the powerful adaptation measure, but the development of maize hybrids capable to cope with these challenges is of crucial importance. Traditional maize breeding have contributed to significant increase in grain yield, and tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress. We have identified hybrids tolerant to drought and grain mycotoxin accumulation, tolerant to stalk and root lodging caused by high wind speed, and tolerant to extreme heat and drought occurring at the same time. In the years to come, climate change will determine the breeding programs, but some traits, such as grain yield, tolerance to heat and drought, stalk and root quality and tolerance to mycotoxin accumulation will remain at the breeder’s top priority. However, longer time needed for conventional hybrid development could be an obstacle to quick response of maize breeders to dynamic environmental changes. Integration and use of new generation technologies will increase the precision, efficiency and speed in development of climate resilient hybrids
Evaluation of genotype-by-location interaction in the early stages of maize breeding
No full textIn the early phases of a maize breeding program, numerous new genotypes are assessed across field trial locations to identify the best performers for advancement to subsequent stages. The best ones are identified to proceed to the next phase so that, in the final stages of the breeding program, a small number of superior hybrids are tested in pre-registration and post-registration field trials across different locations. In 2020, field trials using a partially replicated design were conducted, with each genotype being replicated twice per location. The trials included 176 hybrids derived from crosses between different S2 progenies with an elite inbred tester. These trials aimed to identify top-performing genotypes using a linear mixed model. The factor analytic (FA) model is a powerful statistical tool used in maize breeding for analyzing genotype-by-location (G×L) interactions. The FA model assumes that observed performance of genotypes in different locations can be explained by a few latent factors. In our study, the FA model was employed to address the heterogeneity of genetic variance among locations and the genetic covariance between pairs of locations. Given the high degree of heterogeneity in our trial data, the FA model approach provided precise predictions of G×L effects. The FA model with one latent factor identified as the best-fitting model, explaining approximately 80% of the G×L interaction. The resulting genetic correlation matrix indicated moderate to high positive correlations among the locations. Utilizing the FA(1) model, the most promising genotypes regarding grain yield and yield stability were identified
Changes in the sensory characteristics of craft beer during storage
No full textBeer is a drink of distinctive, characteristic flavour and bitterness. It has gained popularity for centuries and is considered one of the oldest fermented beverages in the world, and is now widespread globally. Following trends and developing a growing number of craft breweries, over 100 different beer styles have been developed. Today, the imperative of good beer is not only its quality as a fresh product but also the preservation of its flavour and stability over time. In order to discover factors that affect changes in the aromatic profile of beer and their suppression and longer preservation of flavour, sensory testing is being conducted more and more. Many classes of compounds have been shown to play an important role in the development of a distinctive beer profile. This significantly affects its taste and sensory properties, affecting market performance as well. Despite intensive research aimed at uncovering the precise mechanism and regulation of beer flavour creation, existing knowledge is not yet complete. This paper shows current knowledge of beer biochemistry and discusses factors that influence its formation. The main goal of the study is to change the sensory characteristics of four different beer styles over a 30-day period. The research tracked the impact of different packaging materials and temperatures on beer flavour. Changes were followed in cans, glass bottles and PET packaging at 40 ºC, resulting in forced ageing of 2 years. Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) was used to examine the changing sensory characteristics of the product. From the aspect of sensory evaluation, it was determined that unfiltered, unpasteurized beer stored at a temperature of 40 ºC, shows significant deviations in the sensory profile after ten days of storage. For lager craft beer, the most significant deviations in the following attributes were observed after ten days: sweet, lime, rancid, diacetyl, honey and sulphur
Potential of camelina for innovative food applications through plant breeding
No full textCamelina sativa, an ancient oilseed crop from Brassicaceae family, has gained attention for its potential in food technology. Archaeobotanical analyses reveal it was the only oilseed cultivated in Serbian archaeological sites from 3rd to 6th CE. Camelina is recognised for its unique fatty acids profile, being low in erucic acid, which makes it applicable as food and feed. On top of that, camelina is rich in polyunsaturated fats, particularly alpha-linolenic acid (up to 50%). Camelina's main use was in biofuels, although camelina holds promise for food industry. Research conducted at the Serbian Institute of field and vegetable crops (IFVCNS) focuses on enhancing camelina's traits to meet the growing demand for sustainable and nutritious food sources. By advancing camelina's breeding, we seek to optimise key attributes such as increased oil and protein content, improved oil quality with favourable fatty acid profiles, and reduced levels of anti-nutrients. These improvements aim to position camelina as valuable ingredient in the food industry. To assess stability of seed yield and oil content, we evaluated two promising camelina lines (L1, L2) across 12 diverse environments (E1-E12). Our results indicate significant variations in performance based on sowing time, with spring-sown lines generally outperforming winter-sown ones. While environments E1-E6 excelled in oil content (40-46%), E10 showed the lowest oil production (29%). Environment E5 emerged as the optimal location for high and stable seed and oil yield. As partner of the CARINA project consortium, IFVCNS is at the forefront of exploring innovative uses of camelina. Our high-quality camelina seed and biomass will be exploited for active compounds extraction. Polysaccharides from camelina cake are being evaluated as stabilizing agent for formulations in food-supplements, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. New methods for polysaccharides extraction that are more energy-efficient and operate without chemical solvents are tested in frame of this project