5782 research outputs found
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NS Anka, sorta boranije
No full textNS Anka, sorta boranije, priznata je rešenjem Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodprivrede - Uprava za zaštitu bilja, broj 320-04-2161/2/2022-11 u 2024. godini
Harnessing landrace diversity empowers wheat breeding
No full textHarnessing genetic diversity in major staple crops through the development of new breeding capabilities is essential to ensure food security1. Here we examined the genetic and phenotypic diversity of the A. E. Watkins landrace collection2 of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum), a major global cereal, by whole-genome re-sequencing of 827 Watkins landraces and 208 modern cultivars and in-depth field evaluation spanning a decade. We found that modern cultivars are derived from two of the seven ancestral groups of wheat and maintain very long-range haplotype integrity. The remaining five groups represent untapped genetic sources, providing access to landrace-specific alleles and haplotypes for breeding. Linkage disequilibrium-based haplotypes and association genetics analyses link Watkins genomes to the thousands of identified high-resolution quantitative trait loci and significant marker–trait associations. Using these structured germplasm, genotyping and informatics resources, we revealed many Watkins-unique beneficial haplotypes that can confer superior traits in modern wheat. Furthermore, we assessed the phenotypic effects of 44,338 Watkins-unique haplotypes, introgressed from 143 prioritized quantitative trait loci in the context of modern cultivars, bridging the gap between landrace diversity and current breeding. This study establishes a framework for systematically utilizing genetic diversity in crop improvement to achieve sustainable food security.The uploaded file is a shorter version of the original full-length article without the extended data. The author list is also shortened, since the original list is too long
Reproductive morphology and success in annual versus perennial legumes: evidence from Astragalus and the Fabeae (Papilionoideae)
No full textThe third largest angiosperm family, Leguminosae, displays a broad range of reproductive strategies and has an exceptional practical value. Whereas annual legume species are mostly planted as crops, there is a significant interest in breeding and cultivating perennials. It is therefore of importance to compare reproductive traits, their interactions and the resulting productivity between related annual and perennial species. Two highly variable taxa were chosen for this purpose, the Fabeae tribe, including numerous temperate crops, and the largest angiosperm ‘megagenus’ Astragalus. A dataset of quantitative reproductive traits was composed of both originally obtained and previously published data. As a result of statistical analysis, we found that perennials in both groups tend to produce more flowers per axillary racemose inflorescence as well as more ovules per carpel. Perennial Astragalus also have larger flowers. Only a part of the developing flowers and ovules gives rise to mature pods and seeds. This difference is especially pronounced in small populations of rare and threatened perennials. Numerous reasons underlie the gap between potential and real productivity, which may be potentially bridged in optimal growing conditions
Granit, sorta soje
No full textRešenjem Komisije za priznavanje sorti Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srbije broj 320-04-3553/2/2022-11 od 29.04.2024. godine priznata je sorta soje Granit
Influence of nitrogen top dressing and application of different foliar fertilizers on winter wheat productivity traits
No full textWheat is the main arable crop, grown on about 220 million hectares worldwide. Fertilization is one of the most important factors determining crops productivity and its most important characteristics. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) uptake from the soil large amounts of mineral elements during the growing season and it has a high soil fertility requirement, and nitrogen (N) remarkably contributes to grain yield formation. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of N top dressing (54 kg ha-1 N, added as CAN mineral fertilizer) and the combination of nitrogen and different foliar fertilizers: Fitofert Speed G (3 l ha-1), Slavol (7 l ha-1) and Wuxal super (7 l ha-1) on some parameters of productivity and morphological characteristics of the winter wheat variety Farinelli. The field trial was carried out in 2022/2023 growing season under the agro-ecological conditions of Zaječar, Serbia, on Vertisol soil type. Control treatment received no fertilization. Standard agricultural techniques were applied as in regular winter wheat cultivation. Stem height was increased under all treatments in comparison to control (59.3 cm), whilst the highest plants were recorded under treatment with combination of N and foliar fertilizer Wuxal super (67.5 cm). In each of fertilization treatments plants had 6 internodes, and this number was much higher than 4 internodes recorded in control. The highest number of spikes per m2 was obtained in the treatment with N and foliar fertilizer Fitofert Speed G while the lowest was recorded in the control (491 and 432 spikes per m2, respectively)
Chemical and antioxidant analysis of sunflower hybrids in Serbia
No full textSunflower seeds and their oils have been integral to human diets since ancient times, offering a rich source of essential nutrients, vitamins, minerals, and beneficial fatty acids. Notably, sunflower seeds contain significant levels of phenolic compounds, including flavonoids and polyphenols, renowned for their nutraceutical properties that promote human health. These compounds exhibit potent antioxidant activity, crucial for combating oxidative stress-related ailments such as premature aging, cardiovascular issues, neurodegenerative disorders, and certain cancers. In this study, we examined the oil, protein and tocopherols contents, as well as the levels of total polyphenols and flavonoids, across 20 different sunflower genotypes to assess the potential of these seeds as a source of valuable natural compounds. The seed's oil percentage was determined using Maran Ultra Resonance NMR, while protein content was assessed via the Dumas method. Total flavonoid content was measured using AlCl3 colorimetry, and polyphenol content was estimated using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay
Diversity in nutritional and functional quality of sorghum restorer lines collection
No full textThis study aimed to examine and compare the main nutritional quality parameters and bioactive compounds of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) grain in order to select genotypes suitable for human consumption and predict genotypes with higher antioxidant capacity. Sorghum grains from the restorer lines collection (172 genotypes) were analysed for their nutritional quality (ash, protein, fat and starch), phenolic compounds content (total phenolics,tannins, flavonoids and anthocyanins), as well as for antioxidant activity and colour parameters. The content of the studied items was 1.6–6.6 % for total lipids, 8.7–19.8 % for proteins, 1.2–3.7 % for ash and 57.1–93.3 % for starch. Total phenolics con tent was 0.6–11.3 g·kg-1 (expressed as GAE) in methanolic extracts and 1.1–17.1 g·kg-1 (expressed as GAE) in acetone extracts, while the highest antioxidant activity was 90.4 %. There was no correlation between colour and tannin content. The expected and experimentally obtained antioxidant activity confirmed the effectiveness of artificial neural network as a predictive tool. This study showed that sorghum is a valuable material for developing functional food products and it has potential if cultivated in the European climate
Economical Sugar Beet Production: Biotechnological Advances to Improve Yield in Conditions of Abiotic and Biotic Stress
No full textSugar beet—Beta vulgaris L. is the second largest sugar-producing crops, after sugarcane, accounting around 40% of total global sugar output in world. The largest areas are in Europe. It is grown for sugar and many different products. In recent times, more and more people are talking about the importance of sugar beet, as a fodder plant, but also as a plant for biofuel production. Sugar beet yield and quality are determined by genotype and environment. In this study, the state and analysis of the production of the sugar beet crop and influence of factors during the crop growth is studied. The main factor influencing the crop yield and bioethanol yield is the weather variability, then climate change. Irrigation in semi-arid countries, fertilizer and crop management have great importance on the yield. The objective of the current study was thus to analyze the components productivity of sugar beet, in the world and in Serbia, and to show the influence of meteorological conditions and of cultivation technology on the success of production. World sugar production in the 2021/2022 market year had a surplus of 10 million tons and was higher by 3%, due to increased production in India, the EU and Thailand. Higher consumption of this culture is expected in the coming period. Biggest drivers of this growth are India, China, the Philippines and the European Union. In Serbia, in 2022 sugar beet was sown on 39,411 ha. Compared to the ten-year average, this is 26% less. The average yield of sugar beet in the world for the five-year period amounted to 59,151 ha and varied from 60,766 ha, in 2022, to 57,104 ha, in 2018. In Serbia the average yield was 51,285 t/ha, and varied from 48,005 t/ha in 2022, to 54,193 t/ha in 2019. In Serbia, increasing of areas under sugar beet and increasing of yield is predicted. It can be concluded that sugar beet is a very important farming plant both in the world and in Serbia
Could regulated and sustained deficit irrigation be applied in temperate climates? A case study of soybean production under field conditions
No full textA field experiment was conducted to study the effects of full (F), regulated (RDI), and sustained deficit irrigation (SDI) on yield (Y), evapotranspiration (ET), and water use efficiency (WUE) of drip irrigated soybean. The yield response factor (Ky) was calculated to express the effect of water stress on soybean yield. The water balancing approach was used to schedule irrigation. Daily water used for plants' evapotranspiration was calculated by multiplying reference evapotranspiration with crop coefficients. Irrigation started when readily available water
in the soil layer of 0.4 m was completely depleted by plants. There were statistical differences in yield between F (4.60 t ha−1) and SDI (3.71 t ha−1) treatments, but not between F and RDI (4.44 t ha−1). The evapotranspiration rate varied between 439 and 535 mm under irrigation and between 193 and 306 mm under rainfed conditions. The WUE values were consistent with the yield of the treatments. The statistical difference in soybean yield between F and SDI strategies suggests that the SDI cannot be used in the region's soybean farming. As no water savings were recorded for the same level of soybean yield between F and RDI, it indicates that RDI is not beneficial under the temperate climate of the Vojvodina region. The yield response factors of 0.69 and 0.71 in
2022 and 2023, respectively, show that soybean is tolerant to water stress and could be grown in rainfed conditions in Vojvodina's temperate climate. However, to achieve high and consistent yields, irrigation is advised
Solaris, sorta soje
No full textRešenjem Komisije za priznavanje sorti Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srbije broj 320-04-3551/2/2022-11 od 29.04.2024. godine priznata je sorta soje Solaris