5782 research outputs found
Sort by
NS Soremis, sorta ozimog višeredog ječma
No full textNS Soremis, sorta ozimog višeredog ječma (Hordeum vulgare L. var polystichum) priznata je od strane Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srbije, rešenje broj 320-44-08523/2/2022-11 od 24.10.2024
Fusarium species associated with onion decay
No full textFusarium spp. represents a group of pathogenic fungi that cause significant economic losses in agriculture and the food industry, being one of the primary culprits of onion diseases. These fungi are widespread across all onion-growing regions and can survive under various conditions, making their control particularly challenging. Besides causing considerable damage during field production, they also pose a threat during onion storage, not only in terms of losses due to rot, but also with additional risk of potentially contaminating the bulbs with mycotoxins. In early spring 2024, in an autumn onion crop grown from seed in the Silbas locality, areas showing symptoms of wilting at the apical part of the leaf, accompanied by chlorosis, were observed. Lesions were noted at the basal part of the stems. As the disease progressed, dark lesions appeared on both the surface and inside the bulbs, while the roots initially turned light brown before darkening completely. This was followed by wilting of the entire plant and eventually complete plant decay. White mycelium developed on the surface of the plant parts, most notably on the roots
Advanced modeling techniques for prediction weed density and diversity
No full textLong-term monoculture has a detrimental impact on plant production. In contrast, crop rotation is recognized as an eco-friendlier approach because it provides diversification in crop management systems, reduces intensive pressure on the agriculture ecosystems, utilizes various soil horizons and prevents the establishment of specific pests and weeds. In era of intense need for high yields, quality and safe food, the application of models in agricultural production can serve for successful and precise simulations and forecasts of crop yields and weediness. We set out here a study on the farms that have been managed over 50 years of specific continuous crop: monoculture of maize, 2-year crop rotation (maize - winter wheat) and 3-year crop rotation (maize - winter wheat - soybean) with and without mineral fertilization. The study was conducted in the experimental site of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops of Plodoredi, Rimski Sanéevi (45°19'N, 19°50’E), Novi Sad, the Republicof Serbia. During three years soil samples were collected prior to sowing and after harvesting each year using a soil auger over three soil layers of 0-15 cm, 15-30 cm, and 30-40 cm. Weed seeds were extracted from soils and identified and counted by species
Osmotic treatment of orange and pink sweet potato-mass transfer rate and efficiency
No full textSweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) are globally cultivated due to its adaptability, high nutritional value, and short growing season, tolerance to high-temperature soils, low fertility, and minimal pest or disease issues, making it a valuable asset to the food industry. Osmotic treatment, a renowned preservation technique requiring mild temperatures and minimal energy, has gained prominence. Over ten years of research at the Faculty of Technology Novi Sad has pioneered the use of sugar beet molasses as an effective osmotic solution for drying different herbs, fruits, vegetables, and meat. This study specifically focused on osmotically treating samples of pink and orange sweet potatoes in sugar beet molasses (80% w/w) to explore the influence of solution temperatures (20°C, 35°C, and 50°C) and osmotic treatment durations (1h, 3h, and 5h) on mass transfer rate and treatment efficiency. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and color correlation analysis were employed to illustrate the connections between different sweet potato samples. Findings indicate that the mass transfer rate peaks at the onset of the process. Particularly with the highest temperature after 1h of osmotic treatment The highest values for RWL and RSG (13.33±0.02, 1.85±0.04 and 11.51±0.02, accordingly) were obtained for both orange ((15.19±0.08 g/(gi.s.w.·s)·105and 4.53±0.06 g/(gi.s.w.·s)·105) and pink sweet potato ((9.91±0.02 g/(gi.s.w.·s)·105 and 3.78±0.04 g/(gi.s.w.·s)·105), respectively. Notably, diffusion is most rapid within the initial three hours, suggesting potential reductions in processing time aligned with these results
Climate Crops Centre visual identity - leaflets
No full textThis dataset contains the leaflets (in the English and Serbian languages) as visual identity of the Climate Crops Centre of Excellence for Innovations, established as a part of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad, Serbia, within the project CROPINNO.Climate Crops Centre visual identity - rollup [https://fiver.ifvcns.rs/handle/123456789/5618]Climate Crops Centre website [https://climatecrops.org/en/home/
Residual activity of deltamethrin and pirimiphos methyl on maize seeds against Sitophylus oryzae (L.) under artificial infestation
No full textThe rice weevil [Sitophilus oryzae (L.)] is an important polyphagous primary pest of different grain commodities and cereal-based products. It causes high economic losses (Stejskal et al., 2004) and is often a limiting factor in a post-harvest storage of small grains in Serbia. The control of this pest is primarily relying on seed treatments with insecticides based on pirimiphos-methyl and deltamethrin. The aim of the study was to test the residual activity of insecticides based on pirimiphosmethyl (Actellic 50 EC) and deltamethrin (K-Obiol EC 25) on maize kernels against the rice weevil under conditions of artificial infestation. Maize seeds (hybrid NS 4006) were treated
with insecticides based on pirimiphos-methyl at recommended rate of 8 ml/1000 kg, and
deltamethrin at 10 and 40 ml/1000 kg of maize seeds. After the treatment, 50 weevils were
inserted in the jars, on 500 g of treated maize seeds, and the mortality was monitored after 24,
48 and 72 h. The same procedure was repeated 6, 12 and 24 months after the treatment, under
the artificial infestation. Before being used in this experiment, the grains were kept in a freezer
at -80 °C for 4 hours in order to eliminate both visible and hidden infestation of insects, mites,
pathogenic fungi and bacteria. The rice weevil mortality varied among the treatments, exposure period and after-treatment period. Results are presented on Figure 1. Immediately after the treatment, after 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure, both deltamethrin-based insecticides caused high mortality 98-100 %, while in the treatment with pirimiphos methyl-based insecticide, high mortality (97 %) was achieved after 48 h. Six months after the treatments only deltamethrin treatment at rate of 40 ml, caused
high efficacy after 24 h, while in other treatments the mortality ranged from 61-83 %. However,
after 48 h, in all treatments total mortality was achieved. One and two years after the treatments
both deltamethrin-based insecticides caused total mortality but after 48 h of insect’s exposure,
while pirimiphos methyl-based insecticide caused only 58 % of weevil mortality after 48 of
exposure after two years.Presented results indicate at good residual activity of deltamethrin-based insecticides, applied at both rates (10 and 40 ml/1000 g of seeds). These insecticides provided longer and better protection of maize seeds against the rice weevil after one and two years in comparison to pirimiphos methyl-based insecticide. Additionally, pirimiphos methyl-based insecticide allowed certain percent (26 and 42 %) of weevils to develop on maize seeds that were treated one and two years before.IOBC-WPRS Bulletin, vol. 17
Linking weed control techniques to anti-inflammatory potential: Comparative analysis of Angelica archangelica L. root essential oil profiles
No full textThe present study aimed to evaluate garden angelica (Angelica archangelica L.) root essential oil composition modulated by weed management techniques. Eight different treatments, including weed free (manual weeding removal), weedy check (untreated control), two organic mulches: sawdust and straw, two physical methods mulches: agro-textile foil and silver-brown foil, and two herbicides: Metamitron and Aclonifen, were employed in open field growing A. archangelica. The composition of the root essential oil was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results revealed that main compounds in A. archangelica root essential oil was β-phellandrene (6.7–17.2%) and α-pinene (7.8–17.2%), followed by δ-3-carene (4.2–14.1%) and p-cymene (6.4–10.5%). According to molecular docking results and binding energy calculations, there are several compounds present in A. archangelica essential oil that could have modulatory effects on inflammatory pathways. However, α-pinene, osthol, α-terpinol, p-cymene, and β-phellandrene seem to be the most effective anti-inflammatory compounds from the examined oil. Application of herbicides in weed management significantly influences the accumulation α-pinene as a dominant compound in A. archangelica essential oil, while β-phellandrene dominant in straw weed management. Moreover, α-terpineol was the most abundant in sawdust weed management treatment, while osthol was dominant in weed free treatment. In conclusion, organic mulches, especially sawdust, can be recommended for the production of A. archangelica roots with the highest essential oil content, while straw as an organic mulch gives the highest concentration of main compounds with promising anti-inflammatory potential
Sunflower and climate change - new approaches in creation of resilient hybrids
No full textOplemenjivanje suncokreta je kontinuirani proces dizajniran da poveća nivo prinosa i poboljša otpornost na biotičke i abiotičke stresove. Oplemenjivači su bili uspešni u proizvodnji velikog broja sorti koristeći konvencionalne metode oplemenjivanja koje se razlikuju u zavisnosti od vrste. Pojava novih tehnika, kao što je genomska selekcija i izmena genoma, zajedno sa efikasnim platformama za fenotipizaciju, utrle su put efikasnijem unošenju poželjnih osobina. Novi pristupi u genotipizaciji i fenotipizaciji omogućili su efikasnije prikupljanje podataka za identifikaciju kvantitativnih svojstava i objašnjenje genetske osnove agronomski važnih osobina. Stvaranje genotipova suncokreta otpornih na promene klime može doprineti ublažavanju negativnog uticaja koje poljoprivredna proizvodnja ima na životnu sredinu, poput intenzivnog iskorišćavanja voda i emisije gasova staklene bašte, dok s druge strane obezbeđuje resurse za stabilnu poljoprivrednu proizvodnju. U radu je dat pregled novih pristupa i koraka u oplemenjivanju suncokreta i stvaranju genotipova tolerantnih na promene klime, uz osvrt na aktivnosti u Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo vezane za njihovu primenu u NS oplemenjivačkom programu.Sunflower breeding is a continuous process designed to increase yield levels and improve resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Breeders have been successful in producing a large number of varieties using conventional breeding methods that vary by species. The emergence of new techniques, such as genomic selection and genome editing, together with efficient phenotyping platforms, have paved the way for more efficient introduction of desirable traits. New approaches in genotyping and phenotyping have enabled more efficient data collection to identify quantitative traits and explain the genetic basis of agronomically important traits. The creation of sunflower genotypes resistant to climate change can contribute to mitigating the negative impact that agricultural production has on the environment, such as intensive water depletion and greenhouse gas emissions, while on the other hand providing resources for stable agricultural production. The paper provides an overview of new approaches and steps in sunflower breeding and the creation of genotypes tolerant to climate changes, with a review of the activities at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops related to their application in the NS breeding program
The quest for epigenetic variation hideouts
No full textThe complexity of interactions within population has been high, already, and epigenetics is rising it to the whole new higher level. Bread wheat was studied, in order to diminish genetic variance, because of its genetic homogeneity within variety. As self-pollinated, wheat varieties are of high homozygosity, almost a pure lines. The uniformity of genetic constitution in population, as well as, phenotypic homogeneity should be a good starting point to single out phenotypic variation caused by other causes than genetic constitution variation. On the bases of multi-environment long term trial, conducted simultaneously at the locality with stressful high sodicity, clay rich solonetz soil type, as well as, at the locality with normal or even favorable conditions of chernozem soil type in four growing seasons, where the first one was characterized by enormous precipitations, causing a water abundance stress, the second one was stressful due to temperature extremes, and drought, the third one was extremely favorable season, and the fourth one was a normal growing season. For wheat varieties of the Green Revolution ideotype have been under the scope. Particularly their reaction to solonetz soil type stress in different growing seasons, from stressful to favorable meteorological conditions. The starting point of deductive analysis were the existing models for total trial variance partitioning and quantifying. Since there are no models that could bring out epigenetic variance and quantifying it from total Multi Genotype and Environment Trial (MGET), the quest for epigenetic variance hideouts was an endeavor within the limits of today’s quantitative genetics
Unveiling Fungi Armor: Preliminary Study on Fortifying Pisum sativum L. Seeds against Drought with Schizophyllum commune Fries 1815 Polysaccharide Fractions
No full textAmidst worsening climate change, drought stress imperils global agriculture, jeopardizing crop yields and food security, thereby necessitating the urgent exploration of sustainable methods like biopriming for the harnessing of beneficial microorganisms to bolster plant resilience. Recent research has revealed diverse biological compounds with versatile applications produced by Schizophyllum commune, rendering this fungus as a promising contender for biopriming applications. For the first time, this study aimed to investigate the potential of S. commune exo- (EPSH) and intra-polysaccharides (IPSH) isolated from two strains—Italian (ITA) and Serbian (SRB)—under submerged cultivation to enhance the resilience of Pisum sativum L. seeds through the biopriming technique. Testing of the seed quality for the bioprimed, hydroprimed, and unprimed seeds was conducted using a germination test, under optimal and drought conditions, while characterization of the PSHs included FTIR analysis, microanalysis, and determination of total protein content (TPC). The FTIR spectra of EPSH and IPSH were very similar but revealed the impurities, while microanalysis and TPC confirmed a different presence of proteins in the isolated PSHs. In optimal conditions, the IPSH SRB increased germination energy by 5.50% compared to the control; however, the highest percentage of germination (94.70%) was shown after biopriming with the PSH isolated from the ITA strain. Additionally, all assessed treatments resulted in a boost in seedling growth and biomass accumulation, where the ITA strain demonstrated greater effectiveness in optimal conditions, while the SRB strain showed superiority in drought conditions. The drought tolerance indices increased significantly in response to all examined treatments during the drought, with EPSH ITA (23.00%) and EPSH SRB (24.00%) demonstrating the greatest effects. Results of this preliminary study demonstrate the positive effect of isolated PSH, indicating their potential as biopriming agents and offering insights into novel strategies for agricultural resilience