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Biodiesel Production Potential from Oilseed Crops in Serbia
No full textThis study aims to investigate the potential for biodiesel production from oilseed crops in Serbia, using a novel assessment method. The method involves calculating the arable land area that can be utilized for raw material production for the biodiesel industry. The available land for the production of biodiesel feedstocks is determined by subtracting the land required to meet the food needs of the domestic population and livestock from the maximum oilseed production area, which is defined as 20% of the total arable land area in Serbia. The findings reveal that approximately 353,000 hectares of land are available for producing raw materials for biodiesel production without compromising the domestic food supply. This land can provide enough raw materials to produce up to 324,000 tonnes of biodiesel annually, equivalent to 15.2% of the total domestic diesel fuel consumption for transportation in 2021
Effect of genotype on yield and nutritive quality of soybeans
No full textU ovom radu ispitivan je uticaj sorte na prinos i kvalitet zrna soje. Proučavane su dve sorte, posejane tokom 2023. godine u Pančevu. Proučavan je prinos zrna i komponente kvaliteta soje: vlaga, proteini i ulja i prinos zrna. Rezultati su pokazali da su testirane vrednosti ispitivanih sorti bile zadovoljavajuće i da se soja može uspešno gajiti uz adekvatnu tehnologiju proizvodnje.In this paper, the influence of the variety on the yield and quality of soybeans was investigated. Two varieties were studied, sown during 2023 in Pancevo. Soybean grain yield and quality components were studied: moisture, proteins and oils, and grain yield. The results showed that the tested values of the tested varieties were satisfactory and that soybeans can be grown successfully with adequate production technology
Designing climate-smart sunflower
No full textSunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is the fourth most important oil crop worldwide grown in almost all continents. Ever since climate change started causing significant seed and oil yield in sunflower, breeders widened their breeding programs into breeding for abiotic stress resistance. Designing climate-smart sunflower will help maintain and desirably increase existing seed and oil yields and also enable a more stable oil source for the already shaken oil market. Drought is one of the most important abiotic stress interfering with crop growth and development. Sunflower is especially sensitive to drought at germination, anthesis and achene-filling phenophases. Overall, drought can lead to up to 51% yield loss which is why it is imperative to identify and create drought-tolerant genotypes, as well as mine for drought-tolerance genes and traits to accelerate the sunflower breeding process. Through different projects financed by the European Commission and the Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia researchers from the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops have undertaken a comprehensive approach to mine for drought-tolerant traits, mainly root traits as well as to examine genetic and epigenetics mechanisms of drought stress tolerance. We have exploited different phenotyping tools for the identification of drought-tolerant sunflower genotypes and associated traits such as in vitro screening and rhizothrons. Further studies will be oriented toward examining the transcriptome and epigenome of the most tolerant and sensitive sunflower genotypes
Isolation and sensitivity of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris to copper compounds in vitro conditions
No full textBacteria Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) in the agro-ecological conditions of Serbia is a significant pathogen of fam. Brassicaceae plants. Copper compounds are the only available chemical measure against phytopathogenic bacteria and most often used in production. The aim of this paper is to determine the sensitivity and tolerance change of Xcc isolates to different copper compounds (copper-hydroxide, copper-oxychloride, copper (II) sulphate). On 15 localities on the territory of Serbia, 68 samples were collected in the period 2017 – 2023, out of which 54 isolates were obtained by isolation from leaves (cabbage, cauliflower, winter oilseed rape, savoy cabbage, brussels sprout, broccoli) which were identified as Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris based on classical and molecular methods. By testing the sensitivity, the development of isolates at the concentration of 100 ppm was determined for all investigated copper compounds. The concentration of 200 ppm enabled the development of most isolates, except for rapeseed isolates, brussels sprout isolates and some cauliflower (KL-18; KL-23) and cabbage isolates (KS-81, KS-82, KS-84, KS-88). The concentration of 300 ppm of different tested copper compounds had an inhibitory effect on the majority of tested isolates. In the case of the treatment with copper oxychloride and copper hydroxide, there was recorded the development of the isolates originating from cabbage (KS-65, KS-66, KS-67, KS-75, KS-76, KS-92, KS-93) and one isolate from brussels sprout (KP-3), while in the case of the treatment using copper (II) sulfate, two isolates originating from the cabbage of the Futog locality (KS-75, KS-76) developed. The concentration of 400 ppm of all tested forms of copper had an inhibitory effect on the development of all tested isolates. Comparing with earlier research done in the period 2013 - 2017, there was observed an increase in copper tolerance of Xcc isolates from the same localities
Breeding for resilience: enhancing sunflower tolerance to drought stress
No full textSunflower is an economically important oil crop, mostly grown in arid and semi-arid regions where drought stress is a major limiting factor. Although sunflower is generally considered tolerant, drought stress still significantly hampers its productivity and nutritional quality across its major cultivation areas. Therefore, understanding the impact of stress and plant response is vital for enhancing the sunflower's drought tolerance. Mitigating the adverse effects of drought on productivity and fostering the development of tolerant sunflower genotypes have emerged as strategic objectives in sunflower breeding. Breeders use all available resources and methods to increase genetic variability, thereby enhancing the probability of generating highly productive genotypes. Several mechanisms (morphological and physiological) have been developed that help mitigate the effects of drought and adapt to arid or water-limited environments. Recognizing that phenotype manifestation depends on genotype-environment interactions, enhancing genetic variation in plant architecture is imperative for optimizing productivity under prevailing environmental conditions. Genomic and transcriptomic studies have elucidated the complex genetic mechanisms underlying sunflower's response to drought stress, facilitating the discovery of novel genes and pathways involved in drought tolerance. This molecular insight has enabled breeders to accelerate the introgression of favorable alleles and genomic regions conferring drought resilience into elite sunflower germplasm
The proportion of surviving genotypes of red clover in relation to their origin
No full textRed clover is an important fodder crop grown in all agricultural areas of the world, but is most productive in temperate zones. It can be sown as a monoculture, but is a more often a component of clover-grass mixtures. 46 red clover accessions were analyzed to determine the proportion of surviving genotypes and observations were made during the second year of cultivation. The red clover collection included accessions of different geographical origin and the trial was guided in a randomized block design with three replicates at the testing place Rimski Šančevi in Novi Sad, Serbia. Our results showed that the degree of ploidy had no effect on the distribution of surviving plants. The most numerous and persistent genotypes were predominantly of southern European and American/Australian origin. Genotypes from north-western Europe and central-eastern Europe showed no tendency to group, but were evenly represented in terms of survival rate. The observed phenotypic variation in the number of surviving red clover genotypes is the result of both genetic and environmental factors, and when selecting for improved tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress and for persistence, the origin of the parental material must be taken into account
Thermal treatments in controlling Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on sunflower seeds and their effect on seed vitality
No full textThis work aimed to assess the potential of thermal treatments for controlling P. interpunctella on sunflower seeds, based on its tolerance to high/elevated temperatures and effect on seed vitality. The tests involved mature larvae (L5) and pupae, exposed to 35, 40, 42, 44, 45, 50, 55 and 60 °C, for 15 and 30 min, and 1, 2, 6, 24, 48 h. Larval mortality and survival, Probyt analysis, developmental dynamics, longevity analysis, progeny production and the effect on sunflower seed vitality (germination energy and germination) were assessed. Larval mortality of 75.9% was achieved after 30 min of exposure at 44 °C, 77.0% at 45 °C after 15 min, and 100% after 45 min. At 60 and 65 °C total mortality was achieved already after 15 min of exposure. Lethal exposure time (LT50) needed to kill 50% of larval population was 15 min at 44.2 °C, 30 min at 43.3 °C, 45 min at 42.1 °C or 41.8 °C at 60 min, respectively. LT90 can be achieved after 15 min of exposure at 45.2 °C, 30 min at 44.3 °C, 45 min at 43.3 °C, or 60 min at 42.1 °C. Pupal LT50 was 15 min at 56.7 °C, 30 min at 53.1 °C, 45 min at 52.4 °C or 60 min at 52.2 °C, while LT90 was 15 min at 59.7 °C, 30 min at 56.3 °C, 45 min at 56.1 °C or 60 min at 55.6 °C. The fastest development, and the highest progeny production was in treatments when the parenteral population was exposed to 40 °C for 1, 2 and 6 h. The developmental duration was significantly shortened when parenteral population was exposed to 40 °C for 48 h. The temperature and exposure did affect the duration of the adult life stage only when exposed for 2, 3, 6, 24 and 48 h to 40 °C. The germination of sunflower seed (86.7%) was inhibited by heat at 45 °C when exposed for 24 h.The accepted version of this article is available here [http://fiver.ifvcns.rs/handle/123456789/4789
Growing technology of Allium species widespread in the Serbia
No full textThe genus Allium belongs to the Amaryllidaceae family and represent the biggest genus of monocotyledonous plants. The genus includes a large number (over 1000) of species that are widely used as vegetables, spices, medicinal and ornamental plants. Regardless of the variety of species, their use and cultivation are mainly of a local character, except in the case of onion (Allium cepa L.) and garlic (Allium sativum L.), which are globally known and have a use in the diet all over the world. In addition to onions and garlic, the following species are grown in the Serbia: leek (Allium ampeloprasum L.), Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.), chives (Allium schoenoprasum L.), shallot (Allium ascolanicum L.) but on smaller surfaces compared to onion and garlic, or at backyards and hobby gardens. Depending on the selected species, cultivation begins in autumn (October) or in spring (February-March). Cultivation of onion and garlic, as the most abundant Allium species, for production of dry bulbs, primarily start in spring. In the case of onion, growers prefer to produce commercial onion crops from little bulbs, rather than seed. On the other side, garlic are propagated only vegetative, by planting cloves, because, and today garlic varieties are completely sterile and they don't produce seeds. Leek, Welsh onion and chives are produced by transplants while field seeding is not recommended. Shallot, as a perennial Allium species produces a cluster of small, pointed bulbs from a single planted bulb. In general, alliums require fertile, well-drained, slightly acid (pH 6.0-6.8) soils. In addition, crop rotation is very important in Allium cultivation. Currently, the topical issue in Allium cultivation is related to the establishment of growing technologies that ensure high yield, good quality and high nutritional value of alliums, among which biofortification stands out
Comparative Analysis of Agronomic Traits, Seed Color Variability and Protein Content in Pisum sativum L. Cultivars Across Diverse European Environments
No full textBackground: Pea (Pisum sativum L.) provides one of the best solutions for the lack of plant-based protein. The different agroecological conditions and the difference in seed color and type can affect seed protein content, composition and agronomic traits.
Methods: A two-year trial on two European sites was done using an augmented block design. Agronomic traits and seed protein content were determined for each plot. Pearson’s correlation coefficients and multivariate analysis were done to analyze the structure and pea traits. Electrophoresis was done to investigate variations in protein composition.
Result: The results of multivariate analysis showed the separation of pigmented seeds from non-pigmented seeds, with no clear grouping concerning seed type. The protein composition differed between seeds of different colors. Environmental factors had a significant impact on the duration of flowering, the number of pods and seeds and seed weight per plant
Genetic and molecular characterization of charcoal rot resistance in sunflower
No full textCharcoal rot, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina, is a soil-borne plant pathogen,
and presents a significant threat to sunflower cultivation, impacting regions across the globe,
particularly under drought stress. This disease can substantially decrease sunflower seed
yields, with yield reductions of around 20% potentially reaching up to 90% in severe cases.
Limited information about the inheritance of charcoal rot resistance is available to sunflower
breeders. To study the inheritance of charcoal rot disease resistance in sunflower. We
developed two distinct populations of totaling 200 genotypes from the F2 generation of
sunflowers for genetic and molecular screening. The first population originated from crossing
inbred lines AB OR 8 and PB 21, while the second is from crossing VL A 8 PR and AB OR
8. Notably, AB OR 8 is classified as a highly susceptible line, whereas PB 21 and VL A 8 PR
were resistant. The segregation ratio was investigated in F3 populations using the cut-stem
method of inoculation. Based on the obtained data, it was determined that the resistance to M.
phaseolina in sunflower does not correspond to the theoretical segregation pattern, indicating
the presence of more than two genes involved in inheritance of resistance. For the analysis of
resistance QTLs, we exploited SSR markers that were equally distributed throughout the
sunflower genome. The majority of significantly associated SSR resistance markers were not
common to the two mapping populations, except for two, OR S995 and ORS1265, which
displayed consistent efficacy across both populations, suggesting their potential as robust
indicators. Future research should explore these markers further, as well as include more
markers, particularly in larger population samples, to validate their utility comprehensivel