5782 research outputs found
Sort by
Application of Plant Aqueous Extracts on Yield and Quality Parameters of Soybean Seeds (Glycine max L.)
No full textBackground: In order to reduce the use of synthetic and chemical agents in agriculture, more and more research is turning to ecological, more environmentally friendly methods. Plant aqueous extracts are products that can be a significant source of various elements, depending on the type and quality of soil on which the plant species from which the solution is prepared is grown. Methods: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of aqueous extracts of different plant species on the yield and quality parameters of soybean seeds (Glycine max L.). Aqueous extracts of: nettle, nettle+comfrey, banana, banana peel, onion, willow and soybeans were used foliarly. The 1st foliar treatment plants was done when first flowers opened and the 2nd treatment was done when first pod reached final length. Result: The effect of aqueous extracts depends on the agroecological conditions and the analyzed traits. In 2020 the greatest effect was achieved on the free proline, SOD, Px and CAT. In 2021 the application of certain aqueous extracts had a significant effect on the yield, gerimination energy, germination percentage and vigour seed
Quality newly released NS varieties soybean in 2024
No full textU Odeljenju za soju, Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo iz Novog Sada do sada je registrovano 179 NS sorti soje, različitih grupa zrenja. Cilj ovog rada je sagledavanje prinosa, sadržaja proteina i ulja, kao i prinosa proteina i ulja po jedinici površine, najnovijih NS sorti soje priznatih u 2024 godini. U dvogodišnjim ogledima Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede, na pet lokaliteta, najviši prinos imala je sorta Granit (3.085 kgaha-1). Najviši sardžaj proteina imala je sorta NS Merkur (43,35%). Dok je najviši saržaj ulja zabeležen kod sorte Astra (21,20).The Department of soybean, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad has so far registered 179 NS soybean cultivars of different maturity groups. The aim of this study is to assess the yield, protein, and oil content, as well as protein and oil yield per unit area, the latest NS varieties registered in 2024. In the two-year trials of the Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection, at five locations, the highest yield had late soybean Granit (3.085 kgha-1). The highest protein content was early variety NS Merkur (43.35%), while the highest oil content was recorded in variety Astra (21.20)
Application of aqueous extracts to change the quantitative and qualitative properties of soybean
No full textVodeni ekstrakti od biljnog materijala sadrze makroelemente i mikroelemente, kao i različite fiziološki aktivne materije koje imaju pozitivan uticaj na prinos i kvalitet zrna soje. Folijarna primena vodenog ekstrakta od ploda đumbira povećala je prinos soje za 23,9%, sadržaj proteina za 2,3%, smanjila sadržaj ulja za 0,9%, povećala prinos proteina za 26,8% i prinos ulja za 23,0%, dok je primena vodenog ekstrakta od ploda nara povećala sadržaj ulja u zrnu soje za 1,5%.Aqueous extracts from plant material contain macroelements and microelements, as well as various physiologically active substances that have a positive effect on the yield and quality of soybeans. Foliar application of aqueous extract of ginger fruit increased soybean yield by 23.9%, protein content by 2.3%, decreased oil content by 0.9%, increased protein yield by 26.8% and oil yield by 23.0%, while the application of water extract from pomegranate fruit increased the oil content in soybeans by 1.5%
Domestic varieties and hybrids of rapeseed: characterization and assessment of potential for obtaining alternative proteins
No full textRast globalne potražnje za proteinima namenjenim ishrani ljudi i životinja doprinosi sve većem interesovanju za alternativne izvore. Rastući trend upotrebe ulja iz semena uljane repice rezultira stvaranjem sve veće količine pogače koja se generiše prilikom procesa proizvodnje ulja. Iako se u našoj zemlji pogača uljane repice u najvećoj meri koristi u hrani za životinje, brojni uspešni primeri iz prakse i naučni rezultati ukazuju da ona može biti izvor visokokvalitetnih proteina za ljudsku ishranu. Shodno navedenom, procena potencijala sorti i hibrida uljane repice istpitivanih u ovom radu nije bila usmerena samo na identifikaciju onih sa maksimalnim prinosom ulja, već i na analizu drugih relevantnih pokazatelja, poput sadržaja proteina i aminokiselinskog sastava, koji bi sveobuhvatno mogli da opišu sortu ili hibrid kao široko primenjivu, posebno sa aspekta njenog potencijala za dobijanja visoko vrednih proteina.The increasing global demand for proteins for human and animal nutrition is driving growing interest in finding new sources. The rising demand for rapeseed oil results in the production of larger quantities of pressed cake generated during the oil production process. While most rapeseed cake is currently used in animal feed, there is significant potential for its utilization as a source of high-quality proteins for human nutrition. Therefore, assessing the potential of varieties and hybrids investigated in this study was not only focused on identifying those with maximum oil yield, but also on considering other relevant indicators, such as protein content and amino acid composition, that could comprehensively characterize a variety as widely applicable, especially regarding the potential valorization of meal through obtaining high-value proteins
A comprehensive approach to enhancing sunflower drought tolerance
No full textAgricultural production faces a significant reduction as a result of unpredictable weather events due to global warming. Among the most significant abiotic stresses contributing to crop yield loss are drought, extreme temperatures, and soil salinity. Sunflower, the fourth most important oil crop worldwide, is considered to be moderately drought tolerant. However, recent studies showed that drought can cause up to 51% yield loss. Breeders are thus facing a complicated challenge - breeding for drought resistance which is a quantitative trait causing complex changes on all levels: morphological, physiological, and molecular. Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops is situated in the Pannonia region which is characterized as one of the European regions that will be the most affected by extreme climate changes such as drought. Within our breeding programs and project activities, we are conducting sunflower phenotyping at the germination stage in in vitro conditions and rhizothrons to identify traits that can be exploited in drought-tolerant sunflower breeding. This research is accompanied by an analysis of the expression of genes identified as of potential interest in enhancing drought tolerance. Further studies will include analysis of lncRNAs and small RNAs to obtain a comprehensive knowledge of mechanisms involved in drought tolerance on a molecular level. The final goal is to identify key drought-tolerant genes as well as epigenetic-targeted genes
Medicinal properties of essential oils lavender and benefit for human health
No full textLavender belonging to the Lamiaceae family. Most commonly used species of lavender include Lavandula angustifolia, Lavandula latifolia, Lavandula stoechas, and Lavandula intermedia are used for the commercial extraction of essential oil. Essential oils to have many medicinal properties and are used as a part of alternative medicine, in medicine, cosmetics, and aromatherapy. Essential oils offer a safe alternative to relatively risky pharmacological agents. Lavender essential oil is known to be rich in medicinal properties like anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects. Herbal products like lavender essential oils may offer a solution to the problem of antibiotic resistance, side effects and drug addiction. These properties make lavender a very useful medicinal herb due to the advent of drug resistance. Utilization lavender essential oils will benefit the patients in many ways. Many studies indicate that lavender essential oil has a positive effect on sleep quality, anxiety relief, reduction of depression condition, influences gradual pain relief, in dentistry, preoperative treatments, obstetrics, burns, and cancer patients as an alternative or adjuvant therapy. It can also be used for treat local infections, as an alternative to antibiotics, in reducing dental anxiety, or to prevent the formation of biofilm on teeth. Due to the vast applicability of the lavender species due to its medicinal properties, there is a need for focused attention to its use in the field of medicine and to contribute to clinical practice
Assessing the impact of soil type and seasonal variations on wheat spike index
No full textUnderstanding how wheat genotypes respond to diverse environmental conditions is crucial in the face of climate change and varying agroecological factors, given that wheat is one of the world's most important crops, providing a significant portion of global food security. To address this, a study analyzed 27 wheat genotypes in solonetz (Kumane, Serbia) and chernozem (Rimski Šančevi, Serbia) soils over two growing seasons. The aim was to investigate how these genotypes perform in different soil types and under varying precipitation levels. It was found that increased soil alkalinity reduces spike weight and grain weight per spike, but proportionally, resulting in similar spike index values across different soil types (0.75 in chernozem and 0.73 in solonetz). The genotype Bankut 1205 had the highest spike index on solonetz (0.82), while the genotype Pesma exhibited the highest spike index on chernozem (0.89). In the season with lower precipitation (2017/2018), a higher spike index was recorded compared to the season with favorable precipitation (2015/2016), indicating plants directed more resources towards grain formation under drought stress. The genotype Pesma had the highest spike index in the 2015/2016 season (0.87), while the genotype Renesansa had the highest spike index in the 2017/2018 season (0.81). Chernozem soil exhibited higher stability, resulting in less variation in spike index values between seasons compared to solonetz soil. Differences in spike index values between different agroecological conditions may result from complex interactions between soil type, season, and plant tolerance to stress factors, with plants showing greater adaptation to drought. This study emphasizes the importance of studying spike index for better understanding wheat adaptability to changing environmental conditions
Production of sunflower seed under new climate conditions
No full textSunflower is the third largest oil crop and in 2023 it was grown on over 28 million hectares in the world. With the discovery of the CMS source in 1969, sunflower hybrids began to be created. The first commercial hybrids based on CMS were registered in Romania, in 1974 and in Yugoslavia, in 1978. It is estimated that hybrids are grown on around 85% of the total sunflower planting area today, and the remaining 15% are still landrace varieties, mostly of the confectionery type. Therefore, the requirement for hybrid sunflower seeds in the world today is around 120 million kg (about 12 million bags of 150,000 grains). To reach to this amount, the sunflower will be with an average yield of 700 kg/ha of processed seeds, it is necessary to plant sunflower with area about 170,000 ha. The total commercial hybrid sunflower seed production is estimated at USD 2 billion today. The production of hybrid sunflower seeds today is exposed to many new challenges. Global climate change facilitate warming environmentally, thus make drought and stormy winds occurrence. By monitoring the daily dynamics of bee visits, we determined that the maximum number of visits occurs at air temperatures between 20 and 28℃, and air humidity of 40-50%. In recent years, the average temperature in Serbia has increased by nearly 2℃ compared to the multi-year average. This has a negative effect on the vitality of pollen and fertilization, as well as on the visit of bees, so the recommendations for supplying beehives have increased from 2 to 4/ha. Bees are the most important pollinators for sunflower and on average make up 71% of the total visit (in some years over 90%), the insects is mainly from the Syrfidae family (19% of visits), bumblebees (8%) and butterflies (2%), whose populations are constantly decreasing. Due to the increase in the sunflower planting area, it is increasingly difficult to ensure spatial isolation of insects, it decreases to 500 m in many countries, and this already leads to increased foreign fertilization and the spread of wild sunflowers, which is especially dangerous if they carry some of the genes for resistance to herbicides. In the last 20 years, many herbicides, insecticides and fungicides have lost their registration, especially in Europe. Seed treatment makes sunflower production especially difficult, as well as the international trade of seeds, because the situation differs among different countries. With the announced cancellation of the license for Reglone desiccant, the situation is further aggravated and higher costs can be expected (primarily due to drying), but also a significantly drop in yield and seed quality. The potential substitutes techniques we tried to create (Kabuki, carfentrazone, pelargonic acid, glyphosate...) did not have good results. Problems with high fluctuations in mercantile prices and the increased price of energy and fertilizers, with a lack of labor and especially with the war in Ukraine, leads the restrictions on seed trade in Russia, significantly affect the sunflower production, thus leading to an increasing risk on the price of sunflower seeds in the future
Optimizing leaf area index in sunflower-legume intercropping system
No full textThe leaf area index (LAI) is one of the most common used indice for describing the above-ground biomass of crops, which is useful for understanding the complex roles of different factors on affecting the leaf development. The photosynthetic capacity of the sunflower plant is defined, by the leaf area index as well as the dynamics of its change during the vegetation period, whereas, photosynthesis is directly responsible for the accumulation of nutrients and yields. The goal of the research was to analyze LAI differences in s intercropping systems between sunflower and legume. A four-year trial (2017-2020) was conducted in Serbia’s agroecological conditions using a split-plot design. Two oil-type and one confectionary-type hybrid were intercropped with common vetch, red clover, and alfalfa. LAI was obtained using one direct and two indirect methods. The threshold for correlation coefficient indicating the statistical significance of the correlation in a matrix (critical r-value) for a probability of 95% (α 0.05) is 0.576, and for 99% probability (α 0.001) is 0.708
Analiza fenotipskih osobina i komponenti prinosa nauta: početna istraživanja u Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo
No full textNaut (Cicer arietinum L.) je proteinska biljna vrsta koja se sve više gaji u Evropi zbog tolerantnosti na sušu. Klimatski uslovi Evrope podstiču uzgoj useva sa minimalnim ulaganjima, čineći naut atraktivnim izborom za adaptaciju na globalne klimatske promene (Vargas-Blandino & Cárdenas-Travieso, 2021). Ova važna proteinska biljka pokazuje veliki potencijal za uzgoj u uslovima suše, sa kojima se susrećemo poslednjih godina u Republici Srbiji. U ovom istraživanju analizirane su fenotipske osobine, fokusirajući se na preliminarne rezultate jednogodišnjeg istraživanja. Podaci su prikupljeni iz poljskog ogleda sa 8 genotipova, analiziranog u Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad, u periodu od 14.03. do 01.08. 2023. Ispitivane su fenotipske osobine nauta, uključujući vreme cvetanja, vreme sazrevanja, kao i komponente prinosa (broj mahuna po biljci, masa 100 semena i broj semena po biljci). Svi ispitivani genotipovi spadali su u biljke sa podignutim tipom porasta, normalnim tipom lista i belom bojom cveta, dok se seme razlikovalo po boji i obliku (UPOV). Na osnovu analiziranih podataka, srednje vrednosti i koeficijenti varijacije za ispitivane osobine su iznosili 82.25 dana za početak cvetanja, sa koeficijentom varijacije od 3.48; 106.50 za broj dana do kraja cvetanja, sa koeficijentom od 1.12. Za broj mahuna po biljci srednja vrednost je bila 41.50 sa koeficijentom varijacije od 39.80, dok broj semena po biljci ima srednju vrednost od 39.81 i koeficijent varijacije od 28.65. Na kraju, prinos semena po biljci ima srednju vrednost od 11.23 sa koeficijentom varijacije od 47.09. Ovi rezultati ukazuju na relativno stabilan period cvetanja i sazrevanja, dok prinos semena po biljci pokazuje veću varijabilnost, što sugeriše potrebu za dodatnim istraživanjem faktora koji utiču na prinos. Analiza Pearson korelacije (slika 1) između ispitivanih osobina pokazuje nekoliko statistički značajnih korelacija. Periodi cvetanja (početak, 50% i 100%) su u negativnoj korelaciji sa prinosom semena, brojem semena po biljci, brojem mahuna po biljci, i masom 100 semena, što ukazuje da ranije cvetanje može dovesti do niže mase semena. Takođe, broj dana do kraja cvetanja ima pozitivne korelacije sa brojem dana do sazrevanja i masom 100 semena, što sugeriše da duže cvetanje može povećati prinos. Broj mahuna po biljci je pozitivno povezan sa prinosom semena po biljci i masom 100 semena, dok broj semena po biljci takođe pokazuje visoku pozitivnu korelaciju sa prinosom. Ovi rezultati ukazuju na to da povećanje broja mahuna i semena po biljci značajno doprinosi većem prinosu semena. Na osnovu naših preliminarnih rezultata, utvrdili smo značajne korelacije između fenotipskih osobina i komponenti prinosa kod nauta. Ova otkrića ukazuju da povećanje broja mahuna i semena po biljci može značajno doprineti većem prinosu semena, što je od suštinskog značaja za dalja istraživanja i unapređenje uzgoja ove biljne vrste