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The influence of gas-tight storaging of sunflower on seed vitality, nutritive quality, and a sawtoothed beetle infestation
No full textSunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds represent valuable and nutritious food stuff with a high oil and protein content, and excellent potential to be used in the production of food products and edible oils. Unsaturated fatty acids contained in sunflower oil are linoleic and oleic, which are susceptible to oxidative degradation and rancidity if seeds are stored in inadequate conditions, which results in sensorial and nutritional deterioration. Additionally, sunflower seeds in storage are often damaged by a sawtoothed beetle (Oryzaephilus surinamensis L.) that is also responsible for seed quality deterioration and vitality loss, particularly if present at higher abundance. Recently more attention has been given to prevention measures and improving storage technology. Modified atmosphere method offers a safe and biorational option for disinfection and improvement of storage and preservation of seed quality and vitality. The concept of modified atmospheres that are created in gas-tight bags relay on a physical and metabolic basis. Respiration of the living organisms in storage (insects, fungi, and seeds) leads to depleted oxygen (O2), from near 21 % to 1 to 2 %, while increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) level from an ambient 0.035 % to up to 20 %. This environment kills insects and prevents aerobic fungi from growing, but also maintains stored seed quality for a longer period. This study examined the influence of gas-tight bag storaging on vitality and nutritional parameters of sunflower seeds as well as the effect on development of infestation with sawtoothed beetle, over three and six months, comparing to storage in conventional paper bags. Additionally, results were correlated with seed morpho-anatomical characteristics (seed dimensions, seed weight and thickness of pericarp). Morphological measurements were performed using caliper while observations and measurements of pericarp were performed using a light microscope. Sunflower seeds (five different hybrids) was stored for six months in gas-tight bags (GrainPro, type SuperGrainbags™, 25 kg) and in commonly used paper bags (25 kg). Seed vitality (germination - %) and quality [oil, α-, and β-tocopherol, protein content, oleic, caffeic and chlorogenic acid content (%)] was assessed at zero point, after three and six months.IOBC-WPRS Bulletin, vol. 173, 202
Scorpius, sorta soje
No full textRešenjem Komisije za priznavanje sorti Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srbije broj 320-04-3552/2/2022-11 od 29.04.2024. godine priznata je sorta soje Scorpius
Consuming organic food and human health benefit
No full textThe demand for organic food shows a growing trend due to the increased awareness of the importance of regular consumption of healthy food on human health. Organic food products have certificates because they are produced according to organic standards. The use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides and genetic modification is not allowed in organic production. Many studies point to differences in favor of organic foods, including indications of beneficial health effects. The aim of this study was to present the impact of organic food consumption on human health. Organic food of biological origin is characterized by the absence or presence of traces of pesticides, a low content of nitrates and an increased content of polyphenols, iron, magnesium and vitamin C. Organic products of animal origin contain healthy unsaturated fatty acids. Organic dairy products have a higher content of protein and saturated fatty acids than conventional products. Regular consumption of organic fruits and vegetables and dairy products reduces the risk of preeclampsia in pregnancy, reduction in obesity and body mass index (BMI), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in women and (NHL) and colorectal cancers. The positive effect on health is the result of a reduced amount of pesticide residues and an increased intake of secondary plant metabolites that characterize organic food. Further research is needed to confirm the trends observed in existing data and clarify the exact relationships between agricultural management, diet quality and impact on health
Vascular tissue characterization in wild Helianthus species
No full textDrought is a key abiotic factor with negative effect on sunflower yield, reducing the photosynthetic
activity and hydraulic status of the leaves. Therefore, the organization and density of the
vascular tissue is very important for maintaining the hydraulic and photosynthetic activity of the
leaf. The aim of this research was to analyze the differences in leaf vascular tissue characteristics
in wild Helianthus species which can be used as a guideline for increasing yield potential in cultivated
sunflower. The length of the leaf secondary veins of 19 Helianthus perennial species were
analyzed with Digimizer software. Observations and measurements of vessels were performed
on cross sections from the middle part of lamina main vein, using light microscope. According to
our results, species characterized with a higher density of the leaf vascular network and a greater
number of large-lumen vessels such as H. mollis, H. tuberosus, H. eggertii and H. hirsutus, have the
potential to be used in breeding program of cultivated sunflower in order to increase yield. On the
other hand, a relatively large number of small vassels in the main vein was present in H. divaricatus
and H. pauciflorus which is important information for breeding more resistant sunflower varieties.
These insights provide valuable guidelines for cultivated sunflower breeding programs aiming to
improve yield and stress resilience
Assessment of sunflower inbred lines for resistance to Macrophomina phaseolina using aggressive and non-invasive inoculation methods
No full textMacrophomina phaseolina is increasingly threatening sunflower yields in Europe, intensified by
climate change. In this study, 12 inbred sunflower lines were tested under two infection
conditions: the aggressive toothpick method, with tissue penetration, and the less invasive
Unfounded Stem Base Inoculation method (USBI), without penetration. Three parameters were
measured: the height of stem sections covered with microsclerotia, seed yield, and the 1000-seed
mass. The results revealed distinct differences among the inbred lines regardless of the parameter
measured or the infection method used. The toothpick method categorized genotypes into two
groups based on seed yield, six groups based on the1000-seed mass, and five groups based on
the height of stem sections covered with microsclerotia. Conversely, the USBI method grouped
the genotypes into four groups by seed yield, two groups by the 1000-seed mass, and four groups
by the height of stem sections covered with microsclerotia. The study found that the toothpick
method highlighted greater differences in seed quality, specifically the 1000-seed mass, whereas
the USBI method better differentiated the genotypes based on seed yield. This suggests that while
both methods are effective in evaluating the impact of Macrophomina phaseolina, they may be
suited for different aspects of genotype assessment in sunflower breeding programs aimed at
improving resistance to charcoal rot
Potential of submerged exo- and intra-polysaccharides from two Schizophyllum commune Fr. 1815 strains in biopriming of pea (Pisum sativum L.) seed
No full textSeed biopriming represents an advanced seed treatment technique for increased germination and seed resistance to different stressors applying bioagent (microorganism/product). Schizophyllum commune produces a neutral extracellular polysaccharide (PSH) schizophyllan (Sonifilan, SPG), a B-1,3-glucan with B-1,6 branching. This study represents the first report of the efficacy of PSHs derived from two different strain of S. commune (Serbia SRB, Italy ITA), as a biopriming agent to improve seed germination, seedling vigor, and early growth performance in Pisum sativum L
Prevalence and impact of unfair contractual terms in agricultural insurance: a legal analysis of disputes in the Republic of Croatia (2019-2023)
No full textThis research investigates the occurrence and consequences of unfair contractual terms in agricultural insurance agreements within the Republic of Croatia, focusing on legal disputes adjudicated between 2019 and 2023. Utilizing an analytical method and case study analysis, the study examines the extent to which unfair terms are employed in insurance contracts, particularly in relation to changes in insurance risk, payment conditions, premium adjustments, and the introduction of additional costs. The findings reveal a significant prevalence of unfair terms that disproportionately favor insurers, leading to numerous legal challenges. Notably, a majority of disputes regarding changes in insurance risk and payment conditions resulted in court rulings in favor of policyholders, highlighting systemic issues in contract fairness. The study concludes with a call for enhanced consumer protection measures and stricter regulatory oversight to ensure equitable and transparent insurance practices in the agricultural sector. The research provides critical insights into the need for reform in the drafting and negotiation of insurance contracts to protect the rights of agricultural producers
Traditional wheat varieties as a potential material for beer production
No full textlako se pšenica vekovima koristila za proizvodnju piva, dugo je bila u senci ječma iz koje je izašla posledniih decenija da svoje mesto pod suncem više ne ustupi. U nepreglednoj paleti raznovrsnih piva, pšenična piva imaju svoje posebno mesto, a naklonjenost svojih ljubitelja duguje brojnim specifičnostima, između ostalim, prepoznatijivoj mutnoći usled odsustva fitriranja gornjeg kvasca, svojstvenoj aromatičnosti, blagom osvežavajućem ukusu, gustoj peni i načinu točenja. lako pšenica sadrži više proteina: od ječma, za tehnologiju proizvodnje pogodnije su one sorte koje .imaju manji sadržaj proteina u korist većeg sadržaja skroba od kojeg se fermentacijom dobija etanol i ugljen dioksid. Pored ovog svojstva, krupno ujednačeno zrno se smatra poželjnom osobinom da bi se obezbedilo ravnomerno klijanje u procesu proizvodnje slada. lzbor sorte za proizvodnju piva zasniva se na tehnološkim i agronomskim osobinama, a poseban značaj bi trebalo dati njenom poreklu. Marginalizacija starih tradicionalnih sorti uticala je na smanjenje agrobiodiverziteta i ugrozila stabilnost poljoprivredne proizvodnje. Sve veća svest o ekološkim, zdravstvenim i ekonomskim prednostima raznovrsnih lokalnih proizvoda naspram tendenciji globalne uniformnosti doprinosi prepoznavanju vrednosti starih sorti sa našeg podneblja i njihovom boljem korišćenju. U Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo ocenjeni su osnovni morfološki i hemijski parametri 60 starih sorti pšenice tokom dve vegetacione sezone (2021/2022 i 2022/2023) u ciju sužavanja izbora sorti potencijalno pogodnih za proizvodnu slada. Ispitivana je masa hiliadu zrna, sadržaj proteina i krupnoća zrna. Velika varijabilnost utvrđena je za masu hiljadu zma koja se kretala od 24 g do 48 g, pri čemu je najveća masa zrna zabeležena kod sorti Rumska crvenka i Ševićeva šišulja, i kod lokalnih populacija Beograd 1, 701-VI/7, 7-1/3-B i 110-lll/1-A. Deset sorti imalo je sadržaj proteina ispod 11% od kojih su sorte Partizanka i Cmozma. Nekoliko sorti i populacija izdvojilo se po krupnoći zrna sa preko 30% zrna veličine 2,8 mm (Rumska crvenka, Beograd 1 Seviceva šišulja) i oko 60% zrna veličine izmedu 2,8 mm i 2.5 mm (Beograd 1 i Crnozma). Nesumnjiv potencijal domaćih genetičkih resursa zahteva detaljnija istraživanja kako bi se na tržištu pojavila nova pšenična piva od starih sorti prepoznatljiva po kvalitetu, sa osobenim pečatom i ličnom zanimijivom pričom.Although wheat has been used for centuries in beer production, it has long has begun toassert its significance within the brewing industry. Among the diverse array of beers, wheat beers occupy a distinctive position, esteemed for several distinct qualities, including characteristic cloudiness resulting from the absence of upperyeast fltration, a characteristic aroma, amild and refreshing taste, and the foamy texture achieved during the pouring. Generally, wheat contains more protein than barley; however, varieties with lower protein and higher starch content are more suitable for beer production, as starch is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide during fermentation. Additionally, large, uniform grains are desirable to ensure even germination during malting. The choice of variety is based on technological and agronomic characteristics, but special consideration should be given toits origin. The marginalization of traditional varieties has led to reduced agrobiodiversity, threatening agricultural stability. Growing awareness of ecological, health, and economic benefits of diverse local products—contrasting with the trend of global uniformity—has fostered a renewed interest for traditional varieties suited to local climate. At the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops the basic morphological and chemical parameters of 60 traditional wheat varieties over two growing seasons (2021/2022 and 2022/2023) were measured to identify those been considered secondaryto barley. However, in recent decades, wheat suitable for malt production. Thousand-grain weight, protein content, and grain size were examined. Significant variability was found in thousandgrain weight, ranging from 24 g to 48 g, with the highest weight recorded in the varieties Rumska crvenka and Seviceva Sisulja, as well as in local landraces Belgrade 1, 701-V/7, 7-1/3-, and 110-lll/1-A. Ten varieties had a protein content of less than 11%, including Partizanka and Crnozma. Several varieties exhibited notable grain size, with over 30% of grains measuring over 2.8 mm (Rumska crvenka, Belgrade 1, and Sevieva Sisulja), and about 60% measuring between 2.8 mm and 2.5 mm (Beograd 1 and Crnozrma). The undeniable potential of local genetic resources requires further research to bring new wheat beers from old varieties to market—beers that stand out for their quality and tell their curious personal stories
Sugar based legume authentication metod: snap bean vs faba bean
No full textLegumes have a great importance in human diet due to their richness in proteins, fibers, carbohydrates and minerals. Moreover, legumes do not contain gluten, so their application is very wide lately. The aim of this paper was to develop a legume authentication method based on sugar composition. Two legume species were included in this research: snap bean (4 samples, 1-4) and faba bean (8 samples, 5-12). Before sugar extraction, lipids needed to be removed from the samples using solvent n-hexane for triple extraction of liposoluble compounds. Further, methanol was used as a solvent for extraction of sugars from the samples. Derivatization of the sugar compounds was performed using reagent trimethylsilyl-imidazole (TMSI). A GC-MS (gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry) analysis was performed and the obtained chromatograms were processed in term to identify the eluting compounds. Peak surface areas of identified sugar compounds were collected into a data matrix for further multivariate analysis. By performing hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), a similarity dendrogram was obtained. Faba bean samples are grouped together in the same cluster with the similarity level of about 0.7. On the other hand, snap bean samples 1-3 are clustered together with the similarity level of also about 0.7, while snap bean sample 4 is an outlier showing the least similarity to all other analyzed samples. This sugar composition based method exhibits a strong potential in developing procedures for legume authentication
Winter Cover Cropping in Sustainable Production Systems: Effects on Soybean and Synergistic Implications for Rhizosphere Microorganisms
No full textThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of winter cover crops (CCs) on soybean agronomic performance and their implications for different physiological groups of rhizosphere microorganisms in two sustainable production systems. The production techniques for rye, peas, and oats are well known, but their suitability as CCs for soybean (organic and low-input) production needs to be examined. After two years of trials, soybean yields among the two tested winter CCs (peas and oats (P + O) and rye (R)) were statistically significant only for P + O. The soybean yield in succession to P + O as winter CCs was 3.0 t ha−1, whereas in succession to R, it was 2.7 t ha−1, and in the control plot, it was 2.6 t ha−1. The average soybean grain protein content was in the range of 40 to 41% dry matter (DM), while the oil content ranged from 20 to 22% DM. Protein and oil content primarily depends on the selected soybean variety and it is confirmed through this study that, in the studied system, we can obtain adequate grain nutritional quality. The results indicate an increase in the abundance of total bacteria, ammonifiers, and free N2-fixing bacteria in the rhizosphere, depending on the selected CCs, and differences between the tested production systems. According to this study, winter cover crops (CCs), including peas and oats (P + O) and rye (R), can be included in crop rotation for soybean. CCs can be the answer to agro-biodiversity empowerment in less diverse soybean cropping systems, along with other benefits that CCs can provide at the level of crop rotation. In addition, in almost all aspects of the study, organic production was ahead of low input. Low input is an adequate production system if there are no opportunities for organic certification and for producers who are aware of the advantages of sustainable systems, and it can also represent a transitional path towards regenerative agriculture or organic productio