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Exploring (Un)Covered Potentials of Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Essential Oil and Hydrolate: From Chemical Characterization to Biological Activities
No full textThe present study focused on exploring the chemical composition of essential oil and corresponding hydrolate obtained by steam distillation of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivar “Helena” (low THC content). Chemical characterization of industrial hemp essential oil and hydrolate was performed by gas chromatographic and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis, while biological activities included antimicrobial and antioxidant tests. Antimicrobial activity was determined by measuring diameters of the inhibition zone by using a disc-diffusion method with nine microbial strains from ATCC culture. Moreover, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) as well as time-kill kinetic studies, antiadhesion, and antibiofilm formation potential were also evaluated. Antioxidant activity was evaluated through three different antioxidant assays: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS+), and reducing power (RP)
Advances in sunflower breeding to increase oil content and drought resistance
No full textSunflower is a globally important oilseed crop mainly used for oil in human consumption, while secondary products have nutritional value in livestock feed. Neverthless there have been advancements in breeding sunflower genotypes with desirable traits, high yield, and disease resistance, further research is needed to address emerging challenges, such as climate resilience and sustainability. Bearing in mind that sunflower breeding over the last several decades has mainly foucused on biotic and abiotic resilience, sunflower oil content in hybrids has remained at the same level, 40-50%. Considering the trends of climate change, drought tolerance certainly represents an essential trait in breeding programs worldwide. The question arises whether it is time to further orient in sunflower breeding towards increasing oil content, bearing in mind that in light of increasingly frequent dry years. It is very difficult to make progress in seed yield. The aim of our study was to develop sunflower genotypes characterized by drought tolerance and increased oil content (>55%). Initial plant material was selected from a gene pool of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad. We used a traditional approach by crossing highly drought tolerant inbred lines characterized by oil content ranging from 50-52%. Genetic material for drought tolerance was selected based on field trials and in vitro drought conditions, over six vegetations (3 vegetations in field conditions and 3 vegetations in in vitro conditions). Oil content was determined using nuclear magnetic resonance analyzer (NMR, Maran Ultra-10). The pedigree method of selection was used to develop new genetic material with desirable traits. As a result, we developed seven inbred lines designated as DO1 to DO7 characterized by high drought tolerance and high oil content ranging from 55.09% to 60.39%. Our results revealed that there is a possibility for significant improvement in sunflower oil content while simultaneously breeding for drought resistant. Further studies will include biotechnological tools in order to identify QTLs associated with drought tolerance and increased oil content and to develop markers associated with traits of interest in order to accelerate the breeding process
NS 4111, hibrid kukuruza
No full textRešenje Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede, Uprave za zaštitu bilja, Broj: 320-04-02100/2/2022-11, od 24.04.2024
Identifikacija DNK markera povezanih sa genima inhibitora tripsina u sastrici (Lathyrus sativus sp.) i pasulju (Phaseolus vulgaris sp.)
No full textGrain legumes, including the grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) and the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), represent an inexpensive source of protein. However, they contain a number of antinutritional compounds, including protease inhibitors, which impair the availability of nutrients. The objective of this study was to identify and validate functional DNA markers associated with trypsin inhibitor genes in grass pea and common bean germplasm. The suitability of nine DNA markers for PCR amplification was evaluated under a range of temperature conditions and reaction mixtures in order to identify the optimal methodology. The trypsin inhibition genes Sas1 and Lat2_BBI were identified as species-specific only to the genome of Lathyrus sativus, while Sas2, Pas1, Pas2, Lat1_BBI, P_BBI, P_KTI and G1_KTI were found to be transferable and polymorphic between the genomes of Phaseolus vulgaris and Lathyrus sativus. The methodology developed will facilitate the routine analysis of these markers in the aforementioned grain legume germplasm.Zrna mahunarki, uključujući sastricu (Lathirus sativus) i obični pasulj (Phaseolus vulgaris), predstavljaju jeftin izvor proteina. Međutim, sadrže niz antinutritivnih jedinjenja, uključujući inhibitore proteaze, koji smanjuju dostupnost hranljivih materija. Cilj ove studije je bio da se identifikuju i validiraju funkcionalni DNK markeri povezani sa genima inhibitora tripsina u germplazmi graška i pasulja. Pogodnost devet DNK markera za PCR amplifikaciju je procenjena u nizu temperaturnih uslova i reakcionih smeša kako bi se identifikovala optimalna metodologija. Geni inhibicije tripsina Sas1 i Lat2_BBI identifikovani su kao specifični samo za genom Lathirus sativus, dok je za Sas2, Pas1, Pas2, Lat1_BBI, P_BBI, P_KTI i G1_KTI utvrđeno da su prenosivi i polimorfni između genoma vrusulga Phiseolus Lathirus. sativus. Razvijena metodologija će olakšati rutinsku analizu ovih markera u prethodno pomenutoj germplazmi mahunarki
Aqueous plant extracts - alternative method for treatment of perennial leguminus seeds
No full textThe aim of the paper was to examine the influence of aqueous extracts plants on the quality parameters of alfalfa and red clover seeds. The research was carried out at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad. Aqueous extracts from medicinal plants (Ocimum basilicum, Mentha piperita, Melissa officinalis, Rosmarinus officinalis) and fruit waste (Musa x paradisiaca, Citrus x sinensis, Citrus x lemon, Punica granatum) were used for priming the seeds. The research results showed that the application of aqueous plant extracts made from medicinal herbs and fruit waste can significantly improve the seed germination parameters of alfalfa and red clover seeds. Also, research has shown that by recycling fruit waste, products with added value can be obtained - plant aqueous extracts, which have the ability to improve the seed germination parameters of alfalfa and red clover seeds
The Influence of Weather Conditions on the Immortelle Volatile Constituents from Essential oil and Hydrosol with a Focus on Italidiones and Its Molecular Docking Anti-Inflammatory Potential
No full textImmortelle has garnered global attention for its cosmetic, medicinal, and culinary applications worldwide. Apart from neryl acetate, α-pinene and γ-curcumene as the most important components for the estimation of the essential oil quality, in recent years a group of β-diketones, known as italidiones, appear as significant quality parameters. However, it is unknown how weather conditions (temperature and precipitation) influence their accumulation in essential oil and hydrosol, nor their anti-inflammatory potential. This study investigates the chemical composition of immortelle essential oil and hydrosol over three successive years (2019/20, 2020/21, and 2021/22), by GC-FID and GC-MS analysis. In silico molecular docking model with Vascular Adhesion Protein-1 (VAP-1) was used for the simulation of the anti-inflammatory potential of italidiones, as well as other β-diketones present in immortelle essential oil and hydrosol. During the three-year trial, it was established that essential oil compounds such as α-pinene, neryl acetate, and italicene were positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with precipitation, as well as β-diketones and total italidiones. Moreover, trans-caryophyllene, γ-curcumene, and ar-curcumene were in negative correlation with temperature, and a slight positive correlation with precipitation. On the other side, in the hydrosol the content of both total β-dike tones and total italidiones was strongly negatively correlated with temperatures, and positively correlated with precipitation, which was the opposite of essential oil. Additionally, findings indicated that italidiones could bind the human VAP-1 protein in the vicinity of the topiquinone and block its function
Microbial communities as indicators of soil fertility in arable lands of Vojvodina Province
No full textSoil microorganisms play a significant role in agroecosystems via decomposition
and nutrient cycling and may serve as indicators of potential soil fertility and land-use
change. Cultivation practices lead to disturbance of soil properties, which is manifested
by a reduced number and enzymatic activity of microorganisms, especially because
modern agricultural production involves the use of large amounts of pesticides and
fertilizers, the non-application of organic fertilizers, and the burning of crop residues.
The aim of this study was to determine the abundance of certain microbial groups and
dehydrogenase activity in arable lands of Vojvodina Province according to the humus
gradient, which is one of the most important characteristics of soil fertility.
Microbiological properties and humus content have been determined in 1115
representative soil samples collected from the surface horizon (0 –30 cm). The highest
total number of bacteria, oligotrophs, copiotrophs, and fungi, as well as dehydrogenase
activity, were recorded in soil samples with a high content of humus (5–10%). Similarly,
the azotobacters and actinomycetes were the most abundant in medium-humus soil
samples (3–5%), whereas the lowest microbial number and activity were detected in
soil samples with very low humus content (˂1%). The results indicate the necessity of
applying good agricultural practices that will enable intensive microbiological activity
and the synthesis of new amounts of humus, primarily through the introduction of
organic matter into the soil as well as the use of microbial-based preparations
Screening of annual wild Helianthus species for Frankliniella occidentalis tolerance
No full textFrankliniella occidentalis (thrips) is a widespread polyphagous insect pest that causes damage and yield losses. Control of this and other thrips species is challenging due to the emergence of insecticide-resistant populations. Wild sunflower species have proven useful in sunflower breeding programs as a source of resistance genes. Therefore, this work is aimed to evaluate the suseptibility of five annual wild species of Helianthus (H. annuus, H. argophillus, H. neglectus, H. praecox and H. petiolaris) in relation to the tolerance of F. occidentalis. The bioassay was set up in a greenhouse with an uncontrolled thrips population, in ten replicates. The number of adults of F. occidentalis was counted twice during the experiment, within ten days, from five leaves of each plant (replication). The density of non-glandular trichomes on both epidermises was analyzed with a light microscope on the same leaves (except H. argophyllus). According to our results, the highest average number of thrips adults was on H. annuus and H. argophilus during both observation periods that also have a very dense indumetnum. The most tolerant, with the lowest number of thrips adults were H. praecox and H. neglectus, characterized with less developed indumentum. According to our results, we can conclude that the density of non-glandular trichomes does not affect the preference of F. occidentalis. However, the development and distribution of the leaf epidermal cuticle, epicuticular waxes and glandular trichomes (capitate and linear) may be related to the degree of resistance, which is the subject of our future research
Iron oxide nanoparticles alleviate salt-alkaline stress and improve growth by modulating antioxidant defense system in cherry tomato
No full textThe integration of nanoparticles (NPs) into agriculture is altering traditional methods, enhancing productivity and sustainability. This study explores the application of iron oxide nanoparticles (FeONPs) to mitigate salt-alkaline stress in cherry tomatoes. We investigated FeONPs at three concentrations (FeONP25, FeONP50, FeONP100 mg/kg soil) in pot experiments under non-stress (NS) and salt-alkaline stress (SAS) conditions. SAS conditions decreased biomass and nutrients in untreated plants, a trend reversed by FeONPs. FeONPs treatments significantly boosted pigment levels under SAS, thereby increasing chlorophyll a (10.65–43.05%), chlorophyll b (7.19–41.33%), total chlorophyll (9.84–42.49%), and carotenoids (8.97–36.09%) compared to the control. FeONPs also reduced NPQ under stress, indicating enhanced photosynthetic efficiency. Oxidative stress markers (H2O2, O₂−, and MDA) were strongly induced in control plants but significantly declined with FeONPs treatments. Antioxidants and osmoregulatory substances significantly improved with FeONPs, thereby demonstrating their potential to alleviate SAS in cherry tomato plants
Unravelling mechanisms of drought tolerance and stress recovery in sunflower
No full textDrought is a global threat to food security and is a major abiotic factor limiting
crop production. Enhancing drought tolerance in crops is therefore a critical goal in breeding
programs worldwide. Despite being considered a moderately drought-tolerant crop,
sunflower’s production is still affected by drought. Drought tolerance is a complex trait, that
triggers numerous responses at morphological, physiological and molecular levels. Hence, a
comprehensive approach is needed to decipher the underlying mechanisms in sunflower.
At the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops (IFVCNS), we have created a broad sunflower
panel of nearly 50 IFVCNS inbred lines, that were tested under in vitro conditions. Through
comprehensive phenotyping, we identify traits associated with drought tolerance. The most
drought-tolerant and sensitive genotypes were identified and subjected to further testing in pot
experiments to validate the in vitro results and to examine sunflower responses to drought
stress at later development stages on transcriptomic and epigenetic levels. Additionally, the
recovery capacity of the genotypes is being examined. Current efforts are focused on
determine the key mechanisms involved in drought tolerance by analyzing gene expression,
transcriptome and epigenome variations. The goal of this research is to identify stable
drought-induced transcriptomic and epigenetic variations, as well as target genes and
epiQTLs, that can be used in marker-assisted breeding