5782 research outputs found
Sort by
Waste ashes from burned sunflower hulls as new fertilising materials
No full textClosing the loop – An EU action plan for the circular economy identified the Fertilisers Regulation revision as a key legislative proposal to boost the market for secondary raw materials. The European Commission has adopted recently EU Fertilising Products Regulation EU 2019/1009 expanding its scope to secondary-raw-material-based products (from biogenic wastes and other secondary raw materials). During the industrial processing of sunflowers, sunflower husks used as alternative fuels result in the generation of waste ash. Sunflower ash is a known material as a good and cheap source of potassium. In present study the tested samples of ashes are characterized as a starting raw material for producing fertilizers in an accredited and authorized Laboratory for fertilisers quality. The tested samples are not loaded with heavy metals and the risk of recycling contaminants has not been assessed. According to the content of available (water-soluble) elements, the content of soluble phosphorus and micronutrients is very low, while potassium is completely water-soluble (40 to 50% K2O m/m), therefore, the tested ashes can be regarded as a good raw material as a source of potassium component in the final product. The pH reaction of the samples is extremely alkaline, therefore it is necessary to neutralize pH reaction in the industrial processing of this raw material, or to restrict the final product for use on acid reaction soils.This paper was originally published in the journal „Environmental Engineering – Inženjerstvo
okoliša“ (Vol. 10, No. 1-2, 2023) with DOI:10.37023/ee.10.1-2.3 (Published online: 31.01.2024), available in this repository here [https://fiver.ifvcns.rs/handle/123456789/4264
Revisiting the relationship between nitrogen nutrition index and yield across major species
No full textCrop nitrogen (N) fertilization diagnoses via the N nutrition index (NNI)-yield relationship have been tested for several crop species, but a cross-species comparison of that relationship has not been performed yet. This study aimed to perform a cross-species comparison of the relationship between NNI and yield with emphasis on the yield sensitivity to N deficiency, slope of the models. Additionally, we conducted an evaluation to determine the best NNI sampling moment to predict relative yield, with focus on major grain crops. Based on a recently published global dataset to parametrize critical dilution curves, we calculated integrated NNI, instantaneous NNI, relative yield, and relative shoot biomass for annual ryegrass, tall fescue, maize, potato, rice, and wheat. We obtained 238 observations to fit integrated NNI-relative yield linear mixed-effects models and 1606 observations to fit instantaneous NNI-relative yield models. Subsequently, we performed a sensitivity analysis to determine the best NNI sampling moment to predict relative yield, with focus on major grain crops (maize, rice, and wheat). Our results show that there was low inter-species variation of sensitivity to N deficiency, i.e., the slope of the relationship between relative yield and integrated NNI. For grain crops, instantaneous NNI around anthesis demonstrated a better predictive capability for relative yield, outperforming other vegetative stages. This finding contributed to improving the understanding of the association between relative yield and NNI with implications for breeding programs, nutrient management practices, and crop modelling. Most importantly, this study is a contribution to improving the N nutrition diagnosis for several crop species, by using an integral, comparative approach
Response of Soybean to Deficit Irrigation
No full textDrip irrigation is gaining increased interest in the production of soybeans. The changing climate causes an increased demand for water sources of good quality. Consequently, the drip irrigation method should be adapted for the rational use of limited water supplies. Introducing deficit irrigation instead of traditional watering rates is imposed as a potential solution to achieve this goal. Therefore, the research examines the possibility of deficit irrigation in soybean production. The experiment was conducted in field conditions during 2022-2023, in the Vojvodina region, the northern part of Serbia, at the experimental field in Bački Petrovac, the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad. The irrigation was scheduled using the water balance method. The irrigation rate was 30 mm in the vegetative and 40 mm in the reproductive stages. Three treatments were investigated: full irrigation of soybean (F), regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) with 20% less irrigation rates in the vegetative stages, and sustained deficit irrigation (SDI) with 20% less irrigation rates through the whole season. The rainfed treatment was also included. No significant yield decrease was found between F and RDI, while the yield reduction was the highest on SDI. The lowest yield was on rainfed treatment. Irrigation and evapotranspiration water use efficiency were similar on F and SDI, while lower values were found on SDI. The yield response factor is below 1, indicating that the soybean is tolerant to water deficit. The average value in the dry year is about 0.68 and in the humid year 0.74 without major variations between F and RDI. Lower values were found on SDI which corresponds to the achieved yields. Based on the data on yield and water use efficiency, it can be concluded that RDI can be recommended in soybean production in climatic conditions of the Vojvodina region
Characterization of maize genotypes included in SafeSeed project based on kernel hardness and color
No full textAs a part of the SafeSeed project, funded by the Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia (call Prisma) among other traits, we will assess the tolerance of a up to 30 genotypes of 10 agronomically important plant species to the most important stored product pests. 39 maize genotypes of different genetic composition were included in the research. Inbred lines of standard grain type and corresponding F1 hybrids, populations of different genetic basis, biparental F2 obtained from F1 hybrids, local and introduced populations were examined. This paper presents preliminary results of morphological characterization of mentioned maize genotypes, based on kernel hardness and color. As a wide variety of material was examined, including flint and popcorn (as the hardest), dent, and maize genotypes with sugary and oily kernel type (as the softest), significant differences in the hardness and color of the kernels were recorded. As these can affect the interaction with store product pests, the tolerance level might differ among genotypes
Environmental impact assessment of rapeseed production using the LCA method Part One: Life Cycle Inventory Analysis
No full textU radu su prikazani rezultati prve dve faze u postupku ocenjivanja životnog ciklusa (LCA) uljane repice proizvedene u uslovima koji se mogu smatrati tipičnim na značajnom delu teritorije Vojvodine. Procena ulaza proizvodnje (količina mineralnih đubriva, pesticida i dizel goriva) se zasniva na preporukama stručnih službi, dok se izlazi, odnosno emisije zagađujućih supstanci u životnu sredinu, utvrđuju primenom savremenih metoda uz uvažavanje lokalno specifičnih uslova proizvodnje. Podaci o ulazima i izlazima proizvodnje su uneti u OpenLCA softver koji je u kombinaciji sa bazom podataka ecoinvent korišćen za utvrđivanje rezultata inventarisanja. Rezultat inventarisanja sadrži podatke o više stotina različitih zagađujućih supstanci koje se emituju u životnu sredinu u procesima koji čine proizvodni lanac uljane repice, kao i detaljan inventar utrošenih, odnosno korišćenih prirodnih resursa. Rezultati inventarisanja sadrže podatke samo o količinama različitih razmena sa životnom sredinom i kao takvi nisu pogodni za izvođenje zaključaka o ukupnom uticaju proizvodnje uljane repice na životnu sredinu. Iz tog razloga, analizu je potrebno upotpuniti trećom fazom LCA, koja daje dodatna objašnjenja i tumačenja značaja rezultata inventarisanja sa aspekta zaštite životne sredine.This is the first part of an environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) study of oilseed rape cultivated under conditions prevalent in the region of Vojvodina, Serbia. The paper presents the initial two phases of the LCA: goal and scope definition, as well as the life cycle inventory (LCI). The assessment exclusively focuses on the rapeseed oil production chain, which includes the transportation of oilseeds to regional silos as its final stage. The assessment of production inputs, including quantities of mineral fertilizers, pesticides, and diesel fuel needed to achieve an assumed yield of 3000 kg ha-1, relies on recommendations from relevant agricultural advisory institutions. Emissions of pollutants into the environment, considered as outputs, are calculated using methodologies that account for locally specific conditions and production practices. Collected or estimated input and output data are entered into the OpenLCA software, which, in conjunction with the ecoinvent 3.7 database, computes the results of the LCI analysis. The LCI result contains data on hundreds of different pollutants emitted into the environment during the processes that make up the oilseed rape production chain, as well as a detailed inventory of consumed or used natural resources. However, LCI results only provide data on the quantities of different exchanges with the environment, not their potential impacts. Thus, they are not suitable for concluding the overall impact of oilseed rape production on the environment. Consequently, the analysis requires supplementation through the third LCA phase: the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA). This phase provides further explanations and interpretations of the significance of inventory results from an environmental protection perspective
The impact of the distribution method for struvite (Crystal Green) on the chemical composition of soybean and their utility in animal nutrition
No full textOne of the main factors considered in assessing the nutritional value of feed is its chemical composition, which can be modified by fertilization. Faced with reducing P resources, alternative sources of this element are being sought. Phosphorus is an essential nutrient in soybean cultivation. The aim of the study was to use an alternative source of phosphorus fertilizer and compare its impact on the chemical composition of soybean seeds with that of a traditional fertilizer (Super FOS DAR). The study investigated a range of factors in animal nutrition as well as the basic content of macro- and microelements. A pot experiment with the Abelina soybean variety was conducted at the Experimental Station of the Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences. The experiment considered two factors against the control: phosphorus fertilizer placement (band, broadcast) and different phosphorus fertilization (Super FOS DAR, Crystal Green). Use of struvite (Crystal Green)) caused positive changes in selected amino acids content and in the nutritional value of protein in soybean seeds; this can enhance the value of soybean seeds as well as increase certain macroelements and microelements. Phosphorus fertilizer significantly increased the content of lysine, leucine, valine, phenyloalanine and tyrosine. Band fertilization with struvite caused a significant increase in amino acids (lysine, leucine, valine, phenyloalanine and tyrosine) as well as in the nutritional value of protein (as measured by the essential amino acid index, protein efficiency ratio and biological value of the protein). Favorable changes under the influence of the application of struvite were recorded in the content of calcium, as well as phosphorus, iron, and manganese. The value of the struvite in the case of its use as phosphorus fertilizer is promising; however, it needs further study
Resistance of IFVCNS inbred lines to race F with origin from Spain
No full textBroomrape (Orobanche cumana) is one of the most important constraints for
sunflower croping. Parasite populations are segregating on virulence criterion and different
races are described. Breeding efforts directed for development of resistant genotypes face
challenges such as genetically diverse broomrape populations and broomrape of different
virulence. One strategy to minimize the impact of broomrape virulence variability in breeding
for resistance is to test sunflower genotypes resistance with broomrape with different origins.
In this study, a selection of 24 IFVCNS inbred lines based on resistance to dominant
broomrape populations in Serbia was tested to broomrape race F, collected in a sunflower
field of Andalusia region in Spain. Six-week greenhouse pot experiments were conducted in
CSIC, Spain. The line B117, used as susceptible control, had broomrape on all tested plants.
For 13 genotypes no broomrape was present on roots, 10 genotypes had broomrape attached
on part of tested plants, and broomrape incidence on one genotype was 100%. Inbred lines
were analyzed on the basis of genetic background and importance in breeding. In the group of
AB-OR lines, with origins from Helianthus divaricarus, 7 out of 9 lines were completely
resistant. Inbred line HA-267, with a single recessive mode of resistance inheritance, was
confirmed resistant. Inbred lines, RUB-3 and SOL-SU-26 were also completely resistant to
broomrape. The results indicate the importance of using different broomrape populations and
conducting multi-location experiments to enhance the breeding process together with using
various sources of resistance. Selection of resistance genotypes will be further tested for their
resistance to broomrape populations and resilience to adverse enviromental conditions
Astra, sorta soje
No full textRešenjem Komisije za priznavanje sorti Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srbije broj 320-04-3549/2/2022-11 od 29.04.2024. godine priznata je sorta soje Astra
Influence of the application of aqueous lemon and orange extracts on the yield and quality of soybean grain
No full textFolijarna primena vodenih ekstrakata od biljnog materijala ima pozitivan uticaj na prinos i kvalitet zrna soje. Folijarna primena vodenog ekstrakta od ploda limuna povećala je prinos soje za 22,82%, sadržaj proteina za 0,43%, smanjila sadržaj ulja za 0,28%, povećala prinos proteina za 23,35% i prinos ulja za 22,47%, dok je primena vodenog ekstrakta od ploda narandže povećala prinos soje za 21,02%, smanjila sadržaj proteina za 1,80%, povećala sadržaj ulja za 0,86%, povećala prinos proteina za 18,85% i prinos ulja za 22,07%. Folijarna primena vodenog ekstrakta od kore limuna povećala je sadržaj proteina za 0,86%, ali je smanjila prinos zrna za 9,69%, sadržaj ulja za 0,72%, prinos proteina za 8,91% i prinos ulja za 10,34%.Foliar application of water extracts from plant material has a positive effect on the yield and quality of soybeans. Foliar application of aqueous lemon extract increased soybean yield by 22.82%, protein content by 0.43%, decreased oil content by 0.28%, increased protein yield by 23.35% and oil yield by 22.47%, while the application of aqueous extract from orange fruit increased soybean yield by 21.02%, decreased protein content by 1.80%, increased oil content by 0.86%, increased protein yield by 18.85% and oil yield by 22, 07%. Foliar application of aqueous lemon peel extracts increased protein content by 0.86%, but decreased grain yield by 9.69%, oil content by 0.72%, protein yield by 8.91% and oil yield by 10.34 %
The effectiveness of different bio preparations on the seed and market quality of organic produced soybean
No full textU prethodnom periodu sprovedena su istraživanja sa fokusom na primenu različitih vrsta mikrobioloških preparata u cilju njihovog mogućeg uticaja na morfološke, produktivne i kvalitativne osobine industrijskog bilja. Istraživanja su sprovedena u periodu od 2015. do 2023. godine, kako na otvorenom polju, tako i u laboratorijskim uslovima. U grupi industrijskog bilja ispitivane su uljane, proteinske, lekovite, aromatične i začinske biljke. U ovom radu je prikazan uticaj određenih biopreparata na tretman semena organske soje pre setve i u toku gajenja. Za tu namenu korišćene su mešavine mikrobioloških sojeva kao što su: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus simplex, Bacillus amiloliquefaciens, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus megatherium, Bradyrhizobium japonicum i Azotobacter chroococum, uz dodatak tečnih đubriva biljnog porekla obogaćenih K, Ca i Mg. Primena mikrobioloških sojeva i tečnih đubriva obogaćenih K, Ca i Mg pri gajenju organske soje značajno utiče na povećanje sadržaja proteina i biljnih ulja u soji, kao i na vrednosti morfoloških parametara i prinosa u usevu organski proizvedene soje. Mikrobiološki preparati imaju potencijal da doprinesu razvoju održivih poljoprivrednih sistema. Upotreba odabranih mikrobioloških kultura za tretman tokom inokulacije zemljišta i semena pri gajenju industrijskog bilja, ogleda se u poboljšanju nutritivnih i funkcionalnih svojstava biljaka koje su odličan izvor vrednih sastojaka hrane.In the previous period, research was carried out with a focus on the application of various types of microbiological preparations in order to influence their possible influence on the morphological, productive and qualitative properties of industrial plants. Research was conducted in the period from 2015 to 2023 both in the open field and in laboratory conditions. In the group of industrial plants, oil, protein, medicinal, aromatic and spice plants were investigated. This paper shows the influence of certain biopreparations on the treatment of organic soybean seeds before sowing and during cultivation. For that purpose, mixtures of microbiological strains (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus simplex, Bacillus amiloliquefaciens, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus megatherium, Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Azotobacter chroococum) were used, with the addition of liquid fertilizers of plant origin enriched with K, Ca and Mg. The use of microbiological strains in the cultivation of organic soybeans has a significant effect on increasing the content of proteins and vegetable oils in soybeans, as well as on the values of morphological parameters and yield in the crop of organically produced soybeans. Microbiological preparations have the potential to contribute to the development of sustainable agricultural systems. The use of selected microbiological cultures for treatment during the inoculation of soil and seeds in the cultivation of industrial plants is reflected in the improvement of the nutritional and functional properties of plants, which are an excellent source of valuable food ingredients