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Agropyrum repens in the function of phytoremediation and soil protection
No full textAgropyrum repens is a perennial plant from the grass family (Poaceae). In this paper, the use of Agropyrum repens in soil protection and phytoremediation of degraded areas, and as a medicinal and decorative plant is analyzed. The fact that Agropyrum repens can be grown even in marginal agro-ecological conditions gives us the opportunity to establish perennial grass areas on unused and degraded areas. Thanks to the development of new technologies for the processing of biological waste into energy products, the rate of increase in the use of alternative fuels is growing significantly, and tall mash, thanks to its modest requirements for water and heat, can be classified as a desirable energy crop. Agropyrum repens is one of the best crops for soil protection against all types of erosion, then for phytoremediation, absorption of harmful gases from the atmosphere, and it is valued as a decorative and ornamental plant. In order to ensure security in the supply of necessary energy sources, most countries in the world direct their research in the direction of finding the most rational way of using renewable energy sources. In folk medicine, pyrethrum is used in the prevention of gout, rheumatism, and inflammation of the urinary tract and renal stones
Healthy and safe organic food in the function of environmental protection and biodiversity conservation with a focus on global trends and innovations
No full textHealthy and safe organic food plays a crucial role in environmental protection and biodiversity conservation. Organic agriculture is an approach to cultivating healthy and safe food and other agricultural products that rely on natural methods and processes, avoiding the use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, genetically modified organisms (GMOs), and other synthetic substances. The primary goal of organic agriculture is to preserve the health of soil, plants, animals, humans, and the environment by promoting sustainable practices that support biological diversity. Organic farming methods, such as crop rotation and composting, provide a sustainable approach to agriculture by improving soil structure, increasing fertility, and reducing ecological risks. Organic agriculture is continuously evolving, introducing new technologies and approaches that enhance sustainability and productivity. Research indicates that organic farming supports greater plant and animal species diversity compared to conventional agriculture, reduces greenhouse gas emissions—critical for combating climate change—and offers significant health benefits to consumers, including food richer in nutrients. By promoting and supporting organic agriculture, we can achieve a sustainable balance between food production and the conservation of natural resources, ensuring long-term sustainability, environmental health, and biodiversity conservation on our planet
Effects of nitrogen fertilization on the yield of traditional varieties and landraces of winter wheat
No full textThe intensification of agriculture and modern breeding activities have reduced biological diversity and led to the nearly-complete elimination of old varieties and local landraces from farms. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of nitrogen application on the main yield components and grain yield of five old, traditional wheat landraces and varieties. The experiment was conducted as a two-factorial trial with a randomized treatment design. The following factors and treatments were examined: five winter wheat varieties - Stara Banatka, Bezostaya 1, Bankut 1205, Crnozrna, and Brkulja 4; and nitrogen fertilization with two treatments: a) control (N0) and b) nitrogen fertilization in top-dressing based on N-min analysis (N109). For all analyzed traits, the analysis of variance showed that the varieties had the largest contribution to their variability, suggesting significant genetic differences among the varieties, which can be attributed to their different origins and varietal specificity. The Crnozrna variety produced the highest grain mass per spike while the variety Bezostaya 1 had the highest 1000-grain weight. The variety Bezostaya 1 produced the highest grain yield on
average. Overall, significantly higher values of yield, and yield components were achieved in the nitrogen fertilization treatment compared to the unfertilized treatment. The yield difference in favor of the fertilized treatment ranged from 2% for the variety Crnozrna to 11% for the variety Bankut 1205
The influence of time of weed removal on corn yield and yield components depending on pre-applied herbicides, different planting pattern and weather conditions
No full textThe crop yield can be affected by many factors including various levels of weed presence, different planting patterns and weather conditions. Therefore, we conducted study to evaluate the effect of time of weed removal in combination with planting pattern and PRE-applied herbicides on corn yield and yield components in 2015, 2016 and 2017. Experiments were designed in a split-split plot arrangements with three replications, which consisted of the two main plots (standard/conventional and twin-row planting pattern), two sub-plots (with and without PRE herbicide application), and seven sub-subplots (seven weed removal timings). In dry season of 2015, corn yield was much lower (413-9,045 kg ha’) than in the wet 2016 seasons with yields of 5,759-14,067kg ha"! across both planting pattern. Yield was inversely correlated with time of weed removal. Application of PRE herbicides delayed critical time for weed removal (CTWR), which ranged from V4 to V10 and from V3 to V11for standard and twin-row planting patterns, respectively.
Značaj šumskih zaštitnih pojaseva za regeneraciju zemljišta
No full textŠumski zaštitni pojasevi su do sada širom sveta uglavnom podizani sa ciljem zaštite od eolske erozije. Ipak, oni predstavljaju multifunckionalne objekte, koji pored primarne funkcije zaštite od erozije, vrše veliki broj ekosistemskih usluga i predstavljaju jednu od primenjivanih praksi agrošumarstva. Šumski zaštitni pojasevi su pogodna mera za povećanje šumovitosti, poboljšanje kvaliteta zemljišta, kao i za restauraciju poljoprivrednog proizvodnog područja uopšte, a time promenu celokupnog pejzaža. U ovom radu prikazan je uticaj zaštitnih šumskih pojaseva na rezerve ugljenika u zemljištu. Poseban je značaj vrsta u ovim pojasevima na stanje organske materije u zemljištu u pojasu. Uvođenje ovih mera agrošumarstva u sistemu značajno bi se doprinelo regeneraciji zemljišnog prostora.Until now, protective forest belts have mainly been raised around the world with the aim of protecting against aeolian erosion. Nevertheless, they represent multifunctional objects, which, in addition to the primary function of protection against erosion, perform a large number of ecosystem services and represent one of the most frequently applied practices of agroforestry. Protective forest belts are a suitable measure for increasing forest cover, improving soil quality, as well as for the restoration of the agricultural production area in general, thus changing the entire landscape. This paper shows the impact of protective forest belts on carbon storage in the soil. The tree and shrub species in these belts are of particular importance to the state of organic matter in the soil in the belts. The inclusion of these agroforestry measures in the system would significantly contribute to the regeneration of the land area
Degradation process of decreasing humus content in the soils of Vojvodina province, Serbia
No full textThe region of Vojvodina administratively belongs to Serbia (northern part), while its geomorphological position is in the southern part of Central-European Pannonian Plain. Besides other pedogenetic factors (parent material – mostly loess, relief – mostly flat, climate – semiarid and the period i.e. duration of pedogenesis), the formation of soils in this region was affected mostly by organisms (vegetation) and human.
Natural environment affected the formation of soils through natural herbaceous vegetation represented by steppe grassland, which leaves a large amount of well-distributed alkaline organic matter in soils, causing the development of soil types well-supplied with organic matter. The main soil-forming process was accumulation of humus. The main formed soil types are Chernozems and Humogleys - Hydromorphic black soil (FAO soil types Vertisols and Gleysols).
The effect of man as a pedogenic factor was visible in the last 100 years. Deep tillage was performed during the period of intensive agriculture, along with soil aeration and intense mineralization of soil organic matter. Mineral fertilizers were preferred over organic fertilizers, which disturbed the natural cycling of soil organic matter, resulting in significant decrease of its content.
Many systemic soil analyses have been carried out since 1950s in order to determine the dynamics of soil organic matter content in the region of Vojvodina. During 1950s and 1960s, analyses were conducted for the purpose of creating a pedological map. The network of soil samples (over 1300) was established in early 1990s, while sampling and analyses were repeated in early 2010s. Research results revealed the decrease in organic matter content by about 0.38% until 1990s, and henceforth by an additional 0.5%, depending on different soil types.
The significance of organic matter content to soil fertility created the need for increased future application of organic fertilizers, as well as more rational soil tillage, higher amounts of applied green manure, etc
Application of artificial intelligence (AI) in biotechnology and medicine
No full textArtificial Intelligence (AI) is the creation of intelligent systems that perform tasks requiring human intelligence, such as learning, problem-solving, and decision-making. Humans and AI systems work together. This study summarizes the potential of AI and its application in medicine, agriculture, and biology-based industries. AI in agriculture provides solutions for food security by adapting agricultural management in a changing climate. Extreme temperatures can reduce wheat yields by 6% per °C. Digitalization in agriculture improves the collection and recording of data on soil health. A reservoir of genetic resources for crops and soil is provided in biodiversity ecosystems, which are key for the diversity of micronutrients. Traditional medicine is widely used by 60% of the world’s population, and it originates from medicinal plants from wild populations. As the field of AI evolves with more trained algorithms, the potential for its application in epidemiology, studying host-pathogen interactions, and drug design expands. AI relies on digital technology and is applied in several areas of pharmacy, adaptive medicine, gene editing (CRISPR: a new revolution in genetic technology), radiography, image processing, and drug management. AI is used to identify patterns of new drugs, optimize existing therapies, and use an individual’s genomic data and other types of health data to develop personalized treatment plans tailored to their specific needs. It is also used for data analysis, e.g., electronic health records and wearable devices, to identify patterns and correlations that may indicate the presence of a particular disease, helping to improve diagnosis accuracy and enable earlier intervention to prevent disease progression, as well as for medical imaging to identify abnormalities and diagnose diseases
Yield and quality of soybeans depending on the growing location
No full textRadi postizanja visokih i stabilnih prinosa soje u različitim godinama mora se pristupiti sortnoj
agrotehnici i izvršiti pravilnu rejonizaciju sorti soje. Cilj ovoga rada je sagledavanje prinosa,
sadržaja proteina i ulja, kao i prinosa proteina i ulja po jedinici površine šest NS sorti soje na
šest lokaliteta u 2022. i 2023. godini. Sorta soje NS Atlas ostvarila je najviši prinos zrna (2403
kgha-1), sorte Rubin i NS Apolo najviši sadržaj proteina (39,8% i 39,7%), a sorta NS Atlas najviši
sadržaj ulja (22,7%), dok su najviši prinosi proteina po jedinici površine ostvareni sa sortama
NS Apolo (950,2 kgha-1), NS Atlas (949,3 kgha-1) i NS Hogar (948,0 kgha-1), a najviši prinosi ulja
po jedinici površine sa sortama NS Atlas (545 kgha-1) i NS Hogar (539 kgha-1).In order to achieve high and stable soybean yields in different years, varietal agrotechnics must be applied and proper rezoning of soybean varieties must be carried out. The aim of this work is to analyze the yield, protein and oil content, as well as protein and oil yield per unit area of six NS soybean varieties at six locations in 2022 and 2023. The NS Atlas soybean variety achieved the highest grain yield (2403 kgha-1), the Rubin and NS Apolo varieties had the highest protein content (39.8% and 39.7%), and the NS Atlas variety had the highest oil content (22.7%). while the highest protein yields per unit area were achieved with varieties NS Apolo (950.2 kgha-1), NS Atlas (949.3 kgha-1) and NS Hogar (948.0 kgha-1), and the highest oil yields per unit areas with varieties NS Atlas (545 kgha-1) and NS Hogar (539 kgha-1)
Fatty acid composition of plant oils and their effectiveness as bioinsecticides
No full textCilj rada je da se ispita masnokiselinski sastav biljnih ulja i njihovo potencijalno bioinsekticidno dejstvo prema tri štetočine uskladištenih proizvoda i to pirinčani i pasuljev žižak i kestenjasti brašnar. Biljna ulja korišćena u ovom radu su ulje lanika, ulje Brassica carinata i ulje uljane repice. Rezultati pokazuju da u ulju lanika najveći sadržaj ima alfa- linoleinska kiselina dok u ulju B. carinata najveći udeo ima eruka kiselna. U slučaju pirinčanog žiška nakon 48 časova, smrtnost se u tretmanu sa uljem lanika, u koncentraciji 2%, značajno povećala, te je statistički bila znatno viša od smrtnosti u ostalim tretmanima sa biljnm uljima. Rezultati u slučaju pasuljevog žiška pokazuju da je najveća smrtnost izazvana sa uljem lanika, dok je u slučaju kestenjastog brašnara jedino preparat K-obiol izazvao značajnu smrtnost.The aim of the study is to examine the fatty acid composition of plant oils and their potential bioinsecticidal effects against three pests of stored products: the rice weevil, the bean weevil, and the red flour beetle. The plant oils used in this study are linseed oil, Brassica carinata oil, and canola oil. The results show that linseed oil has the highest content of alpha-linolenic acid, while B. carinata oil has the highest proportion of erucic acid. In the case of the rice weevil, after 48 hours, the mortality rate in the treatment with linseed oil at a concentration of 2% significantly increased, which was statistically significantly higher than the mortality in the other treatments with plant oils. The results for the bean weevil show that the highest mortality was caused by linseed oil, while in the case of the red flour beetle only the K-obiol preparation caused significant mortality
Innovative electrochemical detection of genetically modified organisms amplified via LAMP method for agricultural applications
No full textThe increasing diversity and complexity of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) create obstacles in their detection, impacting food traceability, safety, and monitoring. Current research indicates that GM crop technology may pose risks to human health and the environment. This study focuses on developing a LAMP-based GMO detection device implementing electrochemical methods. Electrochemical DNA sensor was used to detect LAMP products that are complementary to single-stranded DNA probes using methylene blue as a redox indicator through the hybridization process. The probes were attached to the gold electrodes functionalized by gold nanoparticles, and 2D nanomaterials (such as MoS2 or MXenes). The electrochemical methods, such as alternating current voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, and differential pulse voltammetry were employed in testing the electrochemical detection response