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Variability of a Pannonian wheat collection used for organic breeding
Get PDFWheat is the most important plant used for human consumption in Europe and represents the crop most widely grown in the organic agriculture. Moreover, wheat also represents the largest range of organic products available on the market. Because of its importance, for the improvement of organic wheat production great efforts and resources are invested. The main goal is to obtain high and stable yields. During the breeding process of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), when creating a new variety for organic use, it is necessary to incorporate genes responsible for high yield potential and adaptability to different production conditions. In order to determine the variability of grain yield, hectolitre weight, 1000 grain weight and plant height, collection of 30 winter wheat cultivars widely grown in the Pannonian Plain was chosen. The experiment was carried out in a typical Pannonian location at the experimental field of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia. The results showed significant variations in the examined traits between the chosen cultivars. Knowledge about the variability between the wheat cultivars could be used for selecting the most suitable ones for breeding in the organic agriculture of the Pannonian Plain
NS H 2626, hibrid suncokreta
No full textNS H 2626, hibrid suncokreta, priznat od strane Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede, Uprava za zaštitu bilja, rešenje broj 320-04-3819/2/2022-11 od 26.04.2024. godine, Beograd, Republika Srbij
Agroeconomic ecological and legislative principles in organic food production
No full textOrganic agriculture, according to the definitions of FAO and WHO, represents a management system that promotes ecosystem health, emphasizes biodiversity, and utilizes natural processes. This paper analyzes the economic, ecological, agroeconomic, and legislative principles of organic agriculture. In sustainable agricultural production, agri-managers organize production from cultivation to consumption, aiming to maximize profit while controlling all processes and inputs. Agro-marketing promotes organic products as distinctive brands, while legislative principles define standards, certification, and labeling of organic products, ensuring transparency and consumer trust. Together, these principles form the foundation of organic agriculture, encouraging its sustainability, economic viability, and environmental protection
Evaluation of quality traits and yield in ns barley varieties during the 2023/24 growing season
No full textOplemenjivanje pivarskog ječma u Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu ima tradiciju dužu od sedamdeset godina. Tokom ovog perioda je stvoren i registrovan veliki broj sorti ječma ozimog i jarog tipa, koje su se izdvojile po visokom genetskom potencijalu za prinos i dobrim karakteristikama tehnološkog kvaliteta potrebnim za proizvodnju slada. Cilj ovoga rada je bio da se ispitaju sorte dvoredog ozimog ječma koje su u poslednjih 10 godina stvorene u Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo i registrovane za potrebe industrije slada. Ukupno je ispitivano 6 NS sorti na lokalitetu Rimski šančevi u 2023/24. godini. Ogled je postavljen po slučajnom blok dizajnu na 10 m2 u četiri ponavljanja uz primenu standardnih agrotehničkih mera. Kod tri ponavljanja su primenjeni svi potrebni tretmani za zaštitu od bolesti, dok je četvrto ponavljanje poslužilo kao kontrola, odnosno tretiranje je izostavljeno. Tokom vegetacione sezone i nakon žetve beležena su važna agronomska svojstva: klasanje, broj klasova po m2, pojava bolesti, poleganje, prinos zrna, sadržaj proteina i svi važni parametri tehnološkog kvaliteta dobijeni u procesu mikrosladovanja. Sve ispitivane sorte su imale ujednačeno klasanje u vremenskom intervalu od tri dana (10. 4 – 13. 4. 2024.). Sadržaj proteina u tretiranom bloku se kretao od 9,4% do 11,2%, dok su se proteini kod sorti u netretiranom bloku bili viši i kretali su se od 9,9% do 13,3%. Zrno I klase je kod svih sorti iznosilo preko 95%. Vrednosti suvog ekstrakta su se kretale od 76,7%, do 80,3%. Kolbahov indeks je varirao od 33,4 do 42,1, a vrednost Hartonga je iznosila od 33,2% do 40,7%. Sve sorte su pokazale odličnu otpornost na poleganje. Sve veći zahtevi industrije i potražnja za novim ukusima piva, kako u velikim multinacionalnim kompanija tako i u malim zanatskim pivarama, predstavljaju odličnu mogućnost za upotrebu novosadskih sorti pivarskog ječma u proizvodnji slada čime bi se obezbedila veća divergentnost postojećeg dostupnog sortimenta, izvrsnost, stvorili novi izazovi i posebnost u proizvodnji piva.Breeding of malting barley at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad has a tradition spanning more than seventy years. During this period, a large number of winter and spring barley varieties have been developed and registered, which have stood out for their high genetic yield potential and good technological quality required for malt production. The aim of this study was to examine two-row winter barley varieties that have been developed at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops over the past 10 years and registered for the malt industry. A total of six NS varieties were tested at the Rimski šančevi location in the 2023/24 season. The experiment was set up in a randomized block design on 10 m² plots with four replications, applying standard cultivation practices. All necessary pathogen control treatments were applied in three replications, while the fourth replication served as a control and was untreated. During the growing season and after harvesting, important agronomic traits were recorded: heading, number of ears per m², disease occurrence, lodging resistance, grain yield, protein content, and all important technological quality parameters obtained from the micro-malting process. All tested varieties had uniform heading within a three-day interval (April 10–13, 2024). Protein content in the treated block ranged from 9.4% to 11.2%, while protein levels in the untreated block were higher, ranging from 9.9% to 13.3%. The percentage of first-class grain for all varieties was over 95%. Dry extract values ranged from 76.7% to 80.3%. The Kolbach index varied from 33.4 to 42.1, and the Hartong value ranged from 33.2% to 40.7%. All varieties demonstrated excellent lodging resistance. Increasing demands from the industry and the growing demand for new beer flavors, both in large multinational companies and small craft breweries, present an excellent opportunity for the use of NS malting barley varieties in malt production, which would ensure greater diversity in the available assortment, excellence, and create new challenges and uniqueness in beer production
Cultivation of medicinal plants
No full textZahvaljujući povoljnim ekološkim uslovima, odgovarajućoj klimi i zemljištu, pojedini regioni Republike Srbije izuzetno su povoljni za gajenje lekovitog bilja. Brojna istraživanja su pokazala da se pravilnim izborom agrotehniĉkih mera mogu očekivati komercijalni prinosi velikog broja gajenih lekovitih biljnih vrsta. Izbor biljnih materijala, koji uključuje pažljivu selekciju biljnih vrsta koje su bogate aktivnim supstancama i koje zadovoljavaju farmakopejske standarde, takođe je važan aspekt u procesu proizvodnje biljnih droga. Neophodno je razmotriti botaničke karakteristike, geografsko poreklo, sezonske varijacije, kao i ekonomsku opravdanost proizvodnje odabranih biljnih vrsta s obzirom da uspešan uzgoj lekovitog bilja upravo i zavisi od njegovih botaniĉkih karakteristika, agroekoloških i ekonomskih uslova podruĉja za gajenje.Thanks to the favorable ecological conditions, suitable climate and soil, certain regions of the Republic of Serbia are extremely favorable for growing medicinal plants. Numerous studies have shown that with the correct selection of agrotechnical measures, commercial yields of a large number of cultivated medicinal plant species can be expected. The selection of herbal materials, which includes the careful selection of plant species that are rich in active substances and meet pharmacopoeias standards, is also an important aspect in the process of herbal drug production. It is necessary to consider the botanical characteristics, geographical origin, seasonal variations, as well as the economic justification of the production of the selected plant species, given that the successful cultivation of medicinal plants depends on its botanical characteristics, agroecological and economic conditions of the cultivation area
Comparative analysis of IRE1s in plants: insights into heat stress adaptation in Triticum aestivum
No full textThe unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway serves as a crucial mechanism enabling plants to perceive, respond to, and shield themselves from adverse environmental conditions. Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) is one of the key players of the UPR, and resides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) within the cell. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of 195 IRE1 genes across 90 diverse plant species, with a focus on their identification and characterization. To decipher the functions of IRE1 family members, we investigated the evolution and spread of IREs in plants and analysed their structural and localization characteristics. Our detailed cis-element analysis revealed unique IRE1 regulation patterns in different plant species. Furthermore, gene expression analysis revealed tissue-specific and heat stress-responsive expression patterns of TaIRE1s, which were subsequently confirmed via quantitative gene expression analysis. TaIRE1-6A was upregulated in response to dithiothreitol (DTT) treatment as well as heat stress. This finding suggests that IRE1 might play a role in linking the UPR pathway and the heat stress response (HSR)
Perspectives of Bradyrhizobium and Bacillus Inoculation for Improvement of Soybean Tolerance to Water Deficit
No full textThe objective of this study was to analyze the response of antioxidant parameters in soybean plants inoculated with newly isolated Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Bacillus subtilis strains as single and co-inoculants under drought stress. Bacterial strains were selected according to osmotic stress tolerance (in the presence of 36% PEG 6000) in appropriate liquid media. The effect of soybean inoculation was examined in a soil pot experiment in water deficit conditions (0 and 7 days withholding water). The influence of water stress and inoculation was evaluated in soybean leaves, roots, and nodules through guaiacol peroxidase (POX), ionically cell-wall-bound peroxidase (POD) activity, and ABTS˙+ radical cation scavenging capacity, as well as parameters of N-fixation efficiency. The results showed a significant influence of inoculation on constitutive and drought-induced antioxidant and N-fixation parameters. Inoculation increased the activity of POX (up to 116, 169, and 245%), POD (up to 116, 102, and 159%), and antioxidant capacity (up to 74, 76, and 81%) in soybean leaves, roots, and nodules under water deficit, respectively. Application of bacterial strains resulted in higher shoot, root, and nodule weight and nitrogen content both in non-stressed and drought stress conditions. Overall, co-inoculation had better effects on the investigated soybean parameters compared to single inoculation. Selection and application of bacterial strains with improved tolerance to drought stress is necessary in developing inoculants that would result in enhanced crop production under unfavorable environmental conditions
Possibilities of cabbage production in Serbia under temperature and water stress
No full textZa rast i razvoj kupusa optimalne temperature su od 15 do 18ºC.
MeĊutim, veći deo vegetacionog perioda kupus je izloţen temperaturama
preko 20ºC. Iz razloga dobijanja što veće cene na zelenoj pijaci proizvoĊaĉi
kupusa kreću sa što ranijim rokovima sadnje kupusa (ranog ili kasnog
jesenjeg). Na sam kupus se "vrši pritisak" kroz obilnije navodnjavanje,
gušći sklop, prihranu i zaštitu da bi u što kraćem roku formirao trţišno
zbijenu glavicu (tehnološki zrelu), koja bi ostvarila što bolju dobit na
trţištu. U cilju poboljšanja efikasnosti korišćenja vode i prilagoĊavanja
kupusa toplijim i suvljim uslovima, za preporuku je korišćenje
modifikovanih proizvodnih sistema. Akcenat moţemo staviti na
pomeranje datuma setve ili sadnje u cilju borbe protiv sve prisutnijeg
povećanja temperature i perioda nedostatka vode tokom sezone uzgoja
kupusa. Cilj ovog rada je ukazati na uticaj temperaturnog i vodnog stresa
te dati odreĊena rešenja koja se mogu praktiĉno primeniti radi ublaţavanja
negativnog uticaja pomenutih stresova na proizvodnju kupusa. Prednost bi trebalo dati razvoju proizvodnih sistema za poboljšanje efikasnosti
korišćenja vode prilagoĊenih uslovima toplog i suvog vremena.
Navodnjavanje kupusa bi trebalo organizovati sistemom kap po kap. Ovim
sistemom navodnjavanja racionalnije se troši voda, uz mogućnost
uporednog prihranjivanja i zaštite.Cabbage growth and development requires temperatures between 15
and 18ºC. However, for the most part of the growing season, cabbage is
exposed to temperatures above 20ºC. So as to obtain the highest possible
prices on farmer’s markets, cabbage producers start with the earliest
possible dates for cabbage planting (early or late autumn). Cabbage growth
is “pushed forward” by more abundant irrigation, planting density,
cultivation and protection, in order to form a marketable (technologically
mature) head in the shortest possible time and achieve the highest possible
profit on the market. To improve the efficiency of water use and adapt
cabbage to warmer and drier conditions, it is recommended to use modified
production systems, with an emphasis on postponing the date of sowing or
planting in order to mitigate the effect of temperature increase and drought
during cabbage production. The aim of this paper is to point out the effect
of temperature and water stress and to provide solutions which can be
practically applied in order to mitigate the negative impact of the aforementioned stresses on cabbage production. Priority should be given
to the development of production systems which improve the efficiency of
water use adapted to the conditions of hot and dry weather. Irrigation of
cabbage should be organized as drip irrigation as a more rational system,
with the possibility of comparative feeding and protection
Speed breeding systems for food
No full textSpeed breeding systems for sustainable food production offer a promising solution to address food security and environmental sustainability. Speed breeding technologies allow accelerating generation of new plant varieties with desired traits in a short period. These systems include genetic selection, vertical hydroponics and data-driven smart sensor applications.
Quick generation of plant varieties is achieved by manipulating photoperiods of a native plant with extended light periods in a controlled environment to fasten the crop cycle. This allows for multiple plant generations to be grown and harvested in a single year rather than the typical one to two generations in traditional field-based breeding. The application of molecular markers in the analysis of crop genomes enables the identification and characterization of genetic variation within a crop species. This, in turn, helps breeders in identifying and selecting plants with desirable traits, such as resistance to pests or diseases, or improved yield. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) and genomic selection (GS) are two recent methods that revolutionized plant breeding to improve the efficiency and accuracy of selecting desirable traits. MAS allows breeders to identify desirable traits earlier in the breeding process, without having to wait for the traits to be phenotypically expressed. On the other hand, GS allows breeders to predict the performance of a plant before it is even grown and can help speed up the breeding process by allowing breeders to select plants with desirable traits much earlier in the breeding process.Editors for the research topic Speed Breeding Systems For Food
[https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/56592/speed-breeding-systems-for-food]Editorial for this issue is available here [https://fiver.ifvcns.rs/handle/123456789/4889
NS Simba, sorta soje (Rumunija)
No full textNS Simba, sorta soje priznata u Rumuniji, 2024., ISTIS, CATALOG 2024 Ordin nr. 253 od 21.06.2024. godin