5782 research outputs found
Sort by
Headspace Volatile Profiles of Achillea Species: A. aspleniifolia, A. crithmifolia, A. filipendulina, and A. virescens
No full textA comparative study of volatile compounds in four Achillea spices cultivated (A. aspleniifolia and A. filipendulina) and wildgrown (A. crithmifolia and A. virescens) in Serbia was analysed by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GCMS). A total of 59 compounds were identified, representing 98.7–100% of the total volatile compounds. In A. aspleniifolia, the dominant compound was β-pinene, while in the other three Achillea species the dominant was 1,8-cineole in combination with cis-thujone in A. crithmifolia, α-pinene, and p-cymene and chrysanthenone in A. virescens. According to the sensory analysis of odour, A. aspleniifolia has the highest herbal intensity (due to β-pinene) and significant citrus and spicy notes originate from other minor compounds. In other investigated species, the odor is herbal (due to 1,8-cineole), but other compounds determine odor; A. filipendulina is notably minty, A. crithmifolia is strong woody and terpenic, with notable thujonic characteristics, while A. virescens has terpenic, camphoraceous and spicy notes
Impact of high temperatures on chlorophyll fluorescence in Pannonian wheat varieties
No full textWheat is highly sensitive to adverse weather conditions such as temperature extremes and drought. In the Pannonian Plain, winter wheat often experiences heat waves (>30°C) during the grain-filling phase in May and June. These temperatures exceed the optimal range for grain filling, leading to significant yield declines. Among different handheld measurements, chlorophyll fluorescence measurement is frequently used as an efficient indicator of heat stress impact on the electron transport system activity in wheat. The main goals of this study were to analyze the response of wheat varieties developed in the Pannonian environmental zone to heat stress during mid-grain filling. We utilized nine wheat varieties with different levels of heat stress tolerance. Heat stress during mid-grain filling was applied at 38/28°C for seven days. The responses of wheat plants to heat stress were evaluated under fully controlled environmental conditions in separate chambers. Heat stress at mid-grain filling significantly decreased Fv/Fm compared to the control. Increasing temperatures to 38/28°C during mid-grain filling revealed significant diversity in Fv/Fm values among the studied wheat varieties. The lowest Fv/Fm values were recorded in NS Javorka and NS Obala. On the other hand, the varieties Avangarda and Paragon showed the highest Fv/Fm values under heat stress at mid-grain filling, maintaining better photosynthetic performance compared to other varieties. These varieties should be widely included in further breeding activities as valuable sources of heat stress tolerance under the conditions of the Pannonian Plain
Differential physiological response of cabbage autochthonous cultivar Futoški to infection with Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris
No full textAutochthonous cabbage cv. Futoški is known for its specific taste and quality. Its yield may be affected by plant pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc). The aim of this work was to examine physiological response of cabbage cv. Futoški to infection with differently virulent Xcc strains. Pathogenicity of eighteen Xcc strains, isolated from cabbage cv. Futoški was assessed on cabbage plants under controlled greenhouse conditions. Plants were visually observed for symptoms development two weeks after inoculation and scored according to the Horsfall-Barratt scale. Based on the obtained results, Xcc strains were divided into three groups with different virulence potential, i.e. low (3.15–4.93%), medium (7.20–11.35%), and high (21.30–36.90%). These groups correspond to plants exhibiting low (L), medium (M) and high (H) disease intensity, respectively. Physiological and morphological parameters – chlorophyll, epidermal flavonoids, nitrogen balance index (NBI), leaf fresh and dry weight, as well as leaf photosynthetic parameters were measured in infected plants. The highest chlorophyll content was detected in H plants, which was accompanied by increased photosynthetic quantum yield, and NBI was also elevated by 25% in H plants compared to the L plants. Contrarily, the level of epidermal flavonoids was 25% lower in H plants compared to L plants. Necrotic-induced leaf chlorophyll reallocation, and consequently increased photosynthetic efficacy, may be linked to plants survival strategies under infection and maintaining availability of resources. Defense strategies through activation of secondary metabolism in most infected plants were not observed, as shown by similar values of epidermal flavonoids compared to control
Influence of foliar application of aqueous extracts from plant material on soybean yield
No full textFolijarna primena vodenih ekstrakata biljnog materijala u fazi intenzivnog porasta biljaka ima veliki uticaj na prinos soje, zbog hraniva i fiziološki aktivnih materija u njima. U cilju prouĉavanja uticaja folijarne primene vodenih ekstrakata razliĉitih biljnih materijala na prinos soje postavljen je dvogodišnji ogled u tri ponavljanja na oglednim parcelama Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo na Rimskim Šanĉevima.Foliar application of aqueous extracts of plant material in the phase of intensive plant growth has a great impact on soybean yield, due to the nutrients and physiologically active substances in them. In order to study the effect of foliar application of aqueous extracts of different plant materials on soybean yield, a two-year experiment was set up in three repetitions on the experimental plots of the Institute for Crop and Vegetable Agriculture in Rimski Šanĉevi
Biological methods for controlling the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn)
No full textThe European corn borer (ECB; Ostrinia nubilalis) is one of the most significant corn pests in Serbia. Its larvae feed on various plant parts, including leaves, stems, and ears, causing significant damage to crops. Such damage leads to a direct decrease of grain yield and quality, causing serious economic losses. Traditional control methods, such as the use of insecticides, are often challenging due to application complexity and negative impact on the environment and human health. Therefore, there is an increasing demand for alternative, environmentally friendly, methods to control the ECB. The aim of this research was to examine the effectiveness of alternative methods for controlling the ECB, such as the use of wasps from the genus Trichogramma and predatory lacewings from the family Chrysopidae
Microorganisms and soil seed bank in perennial plants
No full textThe number of microorganisms in the soil depends on the type of soil, and the influence of microorganisms from the soil can have an inhibitory or stimulatory effect on seed germination. Tests were conducted at three fruit-growing and wine-growing sites. Soil microorganisms can act by inhibiting the seedling itself or by directly destroying the structure and content of the seed. Analyzing the presence of microorganisms on the seeds of weed species aimed to establish which microorganisms are present, whether microorganisms reduce the germination of weed seeds, and whether the presence of microorganisms is affected by the increased content of copper in the soil as a result of the multi-year application of copper to protect grapevines from disease. According to the obtained results, the presence of bacteria Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp., and the fungus Fusarium spp., Alternaria spp., Epiccocum purpurescens, Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium spp. and Aspergillus spp. In the row area of the vineyard in all localities, the content of Cu exceeds the limit values, which probably influenced the reduced number of myroorganisms on the seeds from the row area of the vineyard. Microorganisms present in all three localities had an inhibitory effect on the germination of weed seeds. The higher content of copper in the row resulted in a percentage lower representation of microorganisms on the seeds from the weed seed soil bank compared to the intermediate row
Comparative analysis and validation of analytical techniques for quantification active component in pharmaceuticals: Green approach
No full textMethod validation is crucial for ensuring the reliability, accuracy, and reproducibility of analytical measurements. The primary goal is to demonstrate that an analytical method is suitable for its intended purpose. In this study, we developed and validated a method for extracting and quantifying active components from commercial β-blocker tablets. We employed Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detector (UFLC−DAD) and spectrophotometric techniques to validate the method, assessing key parameters such as specificity/selectivity, sensitivity, linearity, and dynamic range, limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy, precision, and robustness. Validation using UFLC−DAD successfully covered 50 mg and 100 mg tablets of metoprolol tartrate (MET), while the spectrophotometric method was explicitly applied to analyze the 50 mg tablets due to concentration limitations. Statistical analysis, including ANOVA and Student's t-test, indicated that both validated methods are suitable for routine analysis of MET in commercial tablets.The accepted manuscript of this article is available in this repository here [https://fiver.ifvcns.rs/handle/123456789/5327
Comparative analysis and validation of analytical techniques for quantification active component in pharmaceuticals: Green approach
No full textMethod validation is crucial for ensuring the reliability, accuracy, and reproducibility of analytical measurements. The primary goal is to demonstrate that an analytical method is suitable for its intended purpose. In this study, we developed and validated a method for extracting and quantifying active components from commercial β-blocker tablets. We employed Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detector (UFLC−DAD) and spectrophotometric techniques to validate the method, assessing key parameters such as specificity/selectivity, sensitivity, linearity, and dynamic range, limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy, precision, and robustness. Validation using UFLC−DAD successfully covered 50 mg and 100 mg tablets of metoprolol tartrate (MET), while the spectrophotometric method was explicitly applied to analyze the 50 mg tablets due to concentration limitations. Statistical analysis, including ANOVA and Student's t-test, indicated that both validated methods are suitable for routine analysis of MET in commercial tablets.This is the accepted manuscript of the published article [https://fiver.ifvcns.rs/handle/123456789/5326], shared publicly with embargo period of 24 months
Use of DataExplorer Online for data processing in the determination of active components of drug
No full textThis paper aimed to demonstrate the use of the newly developed DataExplorer Online software for statistical analysis to evaluate the performance parameters of two different analytical techniques. Namely, HPLC−DAD (High Performance Liquid Chromatography Diode Array Detection) and spectrophotometry were used to measure the concentration of metoprolol in commercial drug tablets. The tools used for methods performance evaluation in the analysis of metoprolol were DataExplrorer Online. The online software tool DataExplorer (available at https://dataexplorer.online) was developed to support the analysis of large amounts of data and the validation of analytical methods. In addition, DataExplorer Online enables the assessment of normal distribution, which is unavoidable before ANOVA analysis. Depending on the number of examined factors, it offers One, Two, Three, and Multivariate ANOVA analysis. Therefore, DataExprorer Online is suitable for specific needs that may arise in different experimental studies. Statistical analysis in DataExprorer Online, which included checking for normal distribution and
applying One way ANOVA, indicated that HPLC−DAD and spectrophotometric methods are suitable for routine analysis of metoprolol in drug tablets. Overall, results showed that HPLC−DAD and spectrophotometry contribute to precise and accurate analytical processes
Herbicidni potencijal različitih koncentracija biljnih ulja i ekstrakata na korovske vrste Amaranthus retroflexus L. i Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.
No full textZahvaljujući povoljnim ekotoksikološkim osobinama, biljna ulja i ekstrakti su sve više predmet istraživanja kao potencijalne alternative sintetičkim herbicidima. Zbog toga je pronalazak bioherbicida na bazi biljnih ekstrakata i ulja poseban izazov za kompanije kao što je Kimitec, koja je specijalizovana za razvoj raznih bioloških preparata. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se ispita da li odabrana biljna ulja i ekstrakti ove kompanije ispoljavaju herbicidno delovanje na korovske biljke Amaranthus retroflexus (AMARE) i Ambrosia artemisiifolia (AMBEL). Ogled je postavljen u staklari po slučajnom rasporedu u četiri ponavljanja, gde su svako ponavljanje predstavljale četiri biljke AMARE po posudi i tri biljke AMBEL po posudi. Ispitivani su efekti primene potencijalnih kandidata za bioherbicide proizvođača Kimitec: ulje lanika (A), pelargonska kiselina + terpenski ekstrakt (B) i mešavina dva terpena (C). Ispitivani kandidati su primenjeni u koncentracijama 0% (netretirana kontrola), 1%, 2,5%, 5% i 10% (v/v) kada su biljke korova bile u fazama 12-14 BBCH skale. U svim varijantama dodat je okvašivač Trend 90 (0,1%), dok je kod tretmana ulja lanika dodat Tween 20 (5%) da bi se formirala stabilna emulzija. Za primenu je korišćena laboratorijska prskalica, dizna TeeJet XR11002VS, pritisak 2,5 bara i 400 l/ha vode. Fitotoksičnost je vizuelno ocenjena na osnovu skale od 0-100% (0 - bez oštećenja biljke, 100% - potpuno uginule biljke) nakon 1, 3 i 7 dana od primene kandidata. Takođe, posle sedam dana je određena nadzemna sveža i suva masa biljaka. Za analizu podataka i određivanja ED50 i ED90 korišćen je statistički softver R (4.3.3.) i paket drc