5782 research outputs found
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NS 3038, hibrid kukuruza
No full textRešenje Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede, Uprave za zaštitu bilja, Broj: 320-04-02091/2/2022-11, od 24.04.2024
NS 5117, hibrid kukuruza
No full textRešenje Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede, Uprave za zaštitu bilja, Broj: 320-04-02097/2/2022-11, od 24.04.2024
Exploring Ailanthus altissima leaf extracts: Implications for sustainable stored product pest management and wheat germination
No full textAilanthus altissima, commonly known as the Tree of Heaven, is recognized for its allelopathic properties and bioactive compounds present in leaves. These properties have sparked interest in exploring its potential applications in pest management, as a natural alternative to synthetic pesticides. This study investigates the efficacy of A. altissima leaf extracts against two common storage pests: the rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae), and the confused flour beetle (Tribolium confusum) and allelopathic effect on wheat germination. A. altissima leaves were collected from threes at three different stages of maturity: two-months old threes, two-years old threes, and leaves from threes older than two years. The leaves were dried and ground into a fine powder. Leaf extracts were prepared using 70 % ethanol, to achieve 5 % concentrations. Insect contact toxicity tests were performed by inserting 20 adult individuals of both insect species in glass tubes, previously rinsed with 5 % A. altissima leaf extracts. Mortality rates were recorded after 24, 48 and 72 hours of exposure. Seeds of wheat (Triticum aestivum, variety Pobeda) were surface-sterilized and treated with the prepared 5 % leaf extracts. All control groups were treated with ethanol as a solvent used for extracting the leaf extracts. Each treatment was replicated three times to ensure statistical robustness. Wheat germination test was performed according to ISTA (2021) Rules on a filter paper. Germination energy and germination (%) were assessed after four and seven days.IOBC-WPRS Bulletin, vol. 173, 202
Komparativna analiza dormantnosti i prinosa svetske kolekcije lucerke: iskustva iz srpske poljoprivredne prakse
No full textDormantnost sorti lucerke u Srbiji je još uvek velika nepoznanica, kako među prozvođačima tako i u stručnim i naučnim krugovima. Dormantnost kod lucerke se definiše kao odgovor biljaka na skraćenje fotoperioda (dužine dana) i sniženje temperature u jesen (Castonguay et al., 2006). Ova osobina predstavlja ključnu ulogu u adaptabilnosti sorti u različitim rejonima gajenja lucerke u svetu. Izbor sorte, odnosno poznavanje dormantnosti je od izuzetnog značaja jer se time određuje način proizvodnje (sistem kosidbe), otpornost na niske i visoke temperature, kao i trajnost lucerišta. Dormantne sorte lucerke odlikuju se manjom dužinom stabljika i ležećim (prostratum) tipom izdanaka, posebno tokom jeseni. Nedormantne sorte ispoljavaju intenzivno izduživanje stabljika i imaju uspravne izdanke u jesen. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se ispita i uporedi genetički potencijal za prinos i adaptabilnost srpske i međunarodne kolekcije lucerke i utvrdi potencijal prinosa suve materije neadaptirane germplazme u cilju uključivanja u oplemenjivačke programe u Srbiji. Ogled je postavljen u proleće 2018. godine na lokalitetu Čurug, na poljima kompanije Global seed koja se bavi organskom poljoprivredom. U ogledu je bilo uključeno 30 genotipova lucerke (27 sorti i 3 eksperimentalne populacije) različitog porekla i različite grupe dormantnosti (3-7). Tokom trogodišnjeg perioda (2018-2020) praćen je prinos suve materije u svakom otkosu, i druge agronomske osobine. U godini zasnivanja ostvarena su tri otkosa, u 2019. šest otkosa a u 2020. godini ogled je košen 4 puta. Ostvareni rezultati ukazuju na značajne razlike između ispitivanih sorti lucerke u prinosu suve materije u zavisnosti od grupe Dormantnosti, pri čemu su se prosečni prinosi kretali od 9,81 t/ha do 14,11 t/ha. Najprinosnije su bile sorte grupe dormantnosti 5 i 6: Dorine (14,11 t/ha), Nijagara (14,06 t/ha) i Ror 7 Arabita (14,04 t/ha), tj. sorte adaptirane na agroekološke uslove naše zemlje, dok su najniže prinose ostvarile dormantne sorte (FD4) Lusiante (9,81 t/ha) i SW Nexus (10,09 t/ha). U 2018. godini dormantnost nije značajno uticala na formiranje prinosa te se sorte lucerke različitog nivoa dormantnosti nisu razlikovale u ostvarenim prinosima suve materije, dok je naredne 2019. godine ovaj faktor pokazao značajnost pa su sorte FD5, FD6 i FD7 ostvarile značajno veći prinos (2,87 t/ha i 2,96 t/ha) od sorti nivoa dormantnosti FD3 i FD4 (2,63 t/ha). U trećoj godini istraživanja (2020) sorte FD5 bile su značajno prinosnije (4,05 t/ha) od sorti nivoa FD3 i FD4 (3,78 t/ha) (Grafikon 1). Setvom dormantnih sorti (FD3 i FD4) u Srbiji moguće zelene krme te je preporuka da se one seju isključivo u brdskim i planinskim je uspešno zasnivanje, kao i eksploatacija, ali se ostavaruju niži prinosi rejonima, odnosno gde se lucerka kosi 2-3 puta godišnje. U Srbiji i regionu Jugoistočne Evrope najveći prinosi kabaste stočne hrane se ostvaruju gajenjem sorti dormantnosti 5-7, u sistemima intenzivne proizvodnje
Bio-Priming with Bacillus Isolates Suppresses Seed Infection and Improves the Germination of Garden Peas in the Presence of Fusarium Strains
No full textSeed infection caused by Fusarium spp. is one of the major threats to the seed quality and
yield of agricultural crops, including garden peas. The use of Bacillus spp. with multiple antagonistic
and plant growth-promoting (PGP) abilities represents a potential disease control strategy. This
study was performed to evaluate the biocontrol potential of new Bacillus spp. rhizosphere isolates
against two Fusarium strains affecting garden peas. Six Bacillus isolates identified by 16S rDNA sequencing as B. velezensis (B42), B. subtilis (B43), B. mojavensis (B44, B46), B. amyloliquefaciens (B50),
and B. halotolerans (B66) showed the highest in vitro inhibition of F. proliferatum PS1 and F. equiseti
PS18 growth (over 40%). The selected Bacillus isolates possessed biosynthetic genes for endoglucanase (B42, B43, B50), surfactin (B43, B44, B46), fengycin (B44, B46), bacillomycin D (B42, B50), and
iturin (B42), and were able to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), siderophores, and cellulase. Two
isolates, B. subtilis B43 and B. amyloliquefaciens B50, had the highest effect on final germination, shoot
length, root length, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and seedling vigor index of garden peas as
compared to the control. Their individual or combined application reduced seed infection and increased seed germination in the presence of F. proliferatum PS1 and F. equiseti PS18, both after seed
inoculation and seed bio-priming. The most promising results were obtained in the cases of the
bacterial consortium, seed bio-priming, and the more pathogenic strain PS18. The novel Bacillus
isolates may be potential biocontrol agents intended for the management of Fusarium seed-borne
diseases
Nature based solutions framework for agro-ecological transition In Serbia
No full textNature-based solutions (NbS) approach in agriculture aims at establishing some new agri-food systems relationships to bring health co-benefits and achieve global food security similar to agroecology. These similarities are most pronounced in methods (conservation agriculture, agroforestry, nutrient management, C-farming reforestation etc.) that can be used to reach the goals of sustainability in food production and addressing societal challenges. The differences between these two concepts are how they access the problem - while NbS has a top-down approach, agroecology uses using bottom-up direction. The territory is argued to be a decisive point for both NbS and agroecology as a place where these two concepts overlap. Conversely, this could be an advantage for reaching the inclusiveness and synergies necessary for scaling out sustainable systems that lead to multiple benefits in agriculture. This could help the current system of agricultural production encompassing the farm vs. food system approach and foster the integration of methods and mechanisms of transition to establish the new food systems. Identifying where the territorial domain of NbS and agroecology overlap is important and may represent the eatery point where the transition of agriculture can be initiated. Given the agroecological background and socio-economical conditions, we can propose using such an approach to agri-food transformation in Serbia. Developing a coherent policy framework based on a holistic performance covering sustainable intensification and traditional food production based on innovation could be a way forward in agri-food improvement.[https://centennialiuss2024.org/
Sunflower breeding for biotic and abiotic challenges
No full textSunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) breeding for biotic and abiotic challenges is a dynamic and multidisciplinary process that requires ongoing research and adaptation to evolving agricultural and environmental conditions. It plays a crucial role in ensuring the sustainability and productivity of sunflower crop worldwide, as an important source of edible oil for human consumption. Sunflower is host for large number of pathogenic microorganism that can cause a significant reduction in yield such as Plasmopara halstedii, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Verticillium dahliae, Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium spp. etc. Another important biotic threat on sunflower is certainly the parasitic plant broomrape (Orobanche cumana) which is one of the most important breeding topic worldwide. Breeding process typically combines traditional breeding methods and modern biotechnological tools to enhance the efficiency and precision of the breeding process. It is aimed to identify and incorporate genes or traits associated with resistance or tolerance to certain biotic stress and utilize molecular markers linked to genes associated with. Abiotic stress tolerance involves selection and development of genotypes that can withstand and thrive in unfavourable environmental conditions such as drought, salinity, high temperatures, etc. In that regard, effective sunflower breeding is aimed at combining phenotypic data with genotypic information for more effective selection via utilizing advanced phenotyping technologies to accurately assess plant performance under different stress conditions. In addition, work on increasing and maintaining the existing genetic diversity in sunflower gene banks is essential for long-term resilience against evolving biotic and abiotic stresses
Nutritional and phytochemical comparative analysis of conventional/organic maize grain before and after subjection to accelerated aging test - a preliminary study
No full textThis study aimed to ascertain the differences in the nutritional composition of maize grains by analysing their lipid, protein, fatty acid, triacylglycerol, and sugar content before and after undergoing an accelerated aging (AA) test. Additionally, phytochemicals (total pigments, phenolics and flavonoids), as well as antioxidant potential of maize grains were evaluated through ABTS•+ scavenging capacity and ferric reducing power (FRP) assays. Maize was cultivated in Serbia during the 2017 season, employing two growing systems (conventional and organic). Although minimal differences were observed in protein and lipid content, the grains proved to be an excellent source of polyunsaturated fatty acids and triacylglycerols with ECN44 fraction being predominant. The total soluble sugar content was low, while starch content was significantly higher. HPLC analysis confirmed a considerably higher prevalence of non-reducing disaccharides compared to reducingdisaccharides. Maize grains emerged as a substantial source of chlorophyll a (0.53-4.38 μg/g DW), phenolics (1498.9-1931.3 mg FAE/kg DW), and flavonoids (85.7-381.9 mg QE/kg DW). All tested extracts exhibited satisfactory abilities to neutralize free ABTS•+. The FRP assay revealed a significantly higher ability to reduce Fe3+-ions in conventionally produced grains. According to the Blunt-Altman test, all analysed parameters showed considerable similarity, except for chlorophylls a and b. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that grains exposed to the AA test were mainly separated based on chlorophyll a, C20:0, C18:1n-9, MUFA, carotenoids, lipids content. Conversely, conventional untreated grains were primarily distinguished by their pentose, hexose and chlorophyll b content, while in the case of organic samples, disaccharides (both reducing and non-reducing) and soluble sugars were the main differentiating factors. The present preliminary study can serve as foundational research for future investigations aimed at comprehending alterations in nutrients and phytochemicals induced by accelerated aging tests. However, it should be supplemented and expanded upon by subsequent studies in the future
Effectiveness of Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculation on nodulation dynamics in Glycine max (L.) roots
No full textBradyrhizobium japonicum bacteria on the intensity of nodulation during nine phenophases (R1-R7) in relation to the isoflavone content in soybean seeds. Nine domestic soybean varieties were sown in three replicates, with Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculated and non-inoculated seeds. The different morphological characteristics of nodules, the number and mass of nodules were studied during plants’ ontogenesis. The content of individual isoflavones in the sowing seed material was determined using high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The most abundant isoflavone was acetylgenistin in the variety Galeb (2741.4 μg/g), and the highest content of all isoflavones was recorded in the variety Gorštak (8117.7 μg/g). The variety Sava of the inoculated treatment exhibited the highest average values of the nodule mass (21.1 mg) and the highest number of nodules (23.3) in the phenophase, in which 10% of pods reached full length (R4). The average values of mass and number of nodules were calculated for the entire vegetation period, being higher in the inoculated treatment. There was no positive correlation between the content of isoflavones in seeds and the number and mass of nodules. The impact of quantity of isoflavone on nodulation intensity in soybeans was not significant,, which could be related to already saturated soil with nitrogen-fixing bacteria
Isolation and sensitivity of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris to copper compounds in vitro conditions
No full textBacteria Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) in the agro-ecological conditions of Serbia is a significant pathogen of fam. Brassicaceae plants. Copper compounds are the only available chemical measure against phytopathogenic bacteria and most often used in production. The aim of this paper is to determine the sensitivity and tolerance change of Xcc isolates to different copper compounds (copper-hydroxide, copper-oxychloride, copper (II) sulphate). On 15 localities on the territory of Serbia, 68 samples were collected in the period 2017 – 2023, out of which 54 isolates were obtained by isolation from leaves (cabbage, cauliflower, winter oilseed rape, savoy cabbage, brussels sprout, broccoli) which were identified as Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris based on classical and molecular methods. By testing the sensitivity, the development of isolates at the concentration of 100 ppm was determined for all investigated copper compounds. The concentration of 200 ppm enabled the development of most isolates, except for rapeseed isolates, brussels sprout isolates and some cauliflower (KL-18; KL-23) and cabbage isolates (KS-81, KS-82, KS-84, KS-88). The concentration of 300 ppm of different tested copper compounds had an inhibitory effect on the majority of tested isolates. In the case of the treatment with copper oxychloride and copper hydroxide, there was recorded the development of the isolates originating from cabbage (KS-65, KS-66, KS-67, KS-75, KS-76, KS-92, KS-93) and one isolate from brussels sprout (KP-3), while in the case of the treatment using copper (II) sulfate, two isolates originating from the cabbage of the Futog locality (KS-75, KS-76) developed. The concentration of 400 ppm of all tested forms of copper had an inhibitory effect on the development of all tested isolates. Comparing with earlier research done in the period 2013 - 2017, there was observed an increase in copper tolerance of Xcc isolates from the same localities