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Harnessing Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria: A Dual Approach as Biofertilizers and Biopesticides for Field and Vegetable Crop Production
No full textPlant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a widely known group of beneficial bacteria found in the rhizosphere. The PGPR can enhance plant growth and health via biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), production of plant hormones, solubilization of soil nutrients (P, K, Zn), and biocontrol of soil-borne pathogens. Consequently, some of the elite strains of the PGPR can be used as biofertilizers and biopesticides, representing an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. The PGPR also contributes to improvement in crop productivity under fluctuable and/or adverse environmental conditions, featured by various biotic and abiotic stresses. This chapter summarizes the action mechanisms and the benefits of PGPR in terms of raising the quality and productivity of agricultural soils and products. Because PGPR are highly diverse, this review focuses on the bacteria most found in PGPR-based products intended for use in agricultural production, namely Azotobacter and Bacillus as extracellular PGPR (ePGPR) and Bradyrhizobium and Rhizobium as intracellular PGPR (iPGPR). This chapter also analyzes the beneficial effects of the bacterial genera on growth and health of several field and vegetable crops, as well as with a discussion on examining new approaches to the selection, formulation, and application of the desirable bacterial strains in the practical fields
Innovative methods in sunflower breeding for future challenges
No full textSunflower (Helianthus annuus) is one of the most widely cultivated oilseed crop globally, providing
oil for cooking, food products, and industrial applications, as well as contributing to agricultural
diversification and economic development in many regions. In addition to numerous
biotic factors that create problems in growing sunflower, record temperatures and unfavorable
distribution of precipitation present increasingly challenging conditions for successful production.
Sunflower breeding for both, abiotic (non-living environmental factors) and biotic (living organism-
related), limiting factors involves a combination of traditional breeding methods and modern
biotechnological approaches. It is a dynamic and multidisciplinary process that requires ongoing
research and adaptation to evolving agricultural and environmental conditions. Abiotic stresses
like drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, as well as biotic stresses like pests and diseases,
are common challenges for sunflower cultivation. Innovative research on sunflower, such as the
SmartSun project, is implementing modern technologies for precise phenotyping, along with genotypic
and epigenetic research, in order to examine the mechanisms of sunflower adaptation
to extreme abiotic factors, primarily drought, which are increasingly frequent phenomenon. By
using a platform for automatic analysis of the architecture of the root system for plants grown in
rhizotrons, the morphology and anatomy of the roots is being analyzed. Data obtained by root
phenotyping and gene expression analysis will be used for epigenetic analysis - sRNA and lncRNA.
Using mathematical and statistical processing of data obtained from analyses will provide insight
into a consolidated response to drought tolerance that can be used in breeding
Aldebaran, sorta soje
No full textRešenjem Komisije za priznavanje sorti Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srbije broj 320-04-3546/2/2022-11 od 29.04.2024. godine priznata je sorta soje Aldebaran
Comparison of the Properties of Pullulan-Based Active Edible Coatings Implemented for Improving Sliced Cheese Shelf Life
No full textThe development of active edible coatings with improved mechanical and barrier properties is a huge challenge. In this study, active edible coatings for sliced cheese have been developed using pullulan (Pull) in combination with two different biopolymers, chitosan (CS) and gelatine (Gel), and a combination of hydrolats as a source of active compounds with antimicrobial effects. In comparison to the monolayer coating, the bilayer coating system demonstrates improved barrier and mechanical properties. A preliminary assessment of the antimicrobial effect of lemongrass and curry plant hydrolats has revealed that both hydrolats exhibited antimicrobial activity against the targeted bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, albeit at different levels. The obtained results suggest that a mixture of 1.56% lemongrass and 12.5% curry plant hydrolats yielded a lower fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) value. Bilayer coating systems (Pull/CS and Pull/Gel) with an incorporated mixture of hydrolats have demonstrated effectiveness in both cases: artificial contamination before application of the coating system and after application of the coating system. In both contamination scenarios, the coating systems consistently effectively limited bacterial proliferation, indicating the antimicrobial effect of the hydrolat mixture in the coating layers. In the case of artificial contamination before applying the coating system, both coatings demonstrated antimicrobial effectiveness, but the formulation with chitosan had a biocide effect, while the other, with gelatine, had only a bacteriostatic effect in a long-term setting. In the second case, both Pull/CS and Pull/Gel coatings demonstrated effectiveness in inhibiting bacterial growth regardless of the moment of contamination of the sample; the Pull/CS coating showed slightly better antimicrobial activity, achieving complete elimination of bacteria earlier compared with the Pull/Gel coating system
Speltini mafini sa brašnom jabuke obogaćeni melasom šećerne repe
No full textTehničko rešenje je verifikovano na 25. sednici Matičnog naučnog odbora za biotehnologiju i poljoprivredu održanoj 23.02.2024. godine kao M81
Effect of nitrogen mineral nutrition in extreme climatic conditions on sugar beet production
Get PDFContinuous advancements in plant breeding and the development of new hybrid varieties are occurring alongside the challenges posed by climate change. Consequently, there is an ongoing need to reassess agricultural practices. Fertilisation, particularly with nitrogen, plays an important part in plant production. Nitrogen is a critical element required in significant quantities for optimal crop growth, influencing the yield of various crops. However, it's important to acknowledge that nitrogen is a dynamic element, and substantial nitrogen reserves cannot be retained within the soil. Given the distinct requirements of sugar beet cultivation, where nitrogen not only impacts root yield but also profoundly influences root quality, it becomes important to improve fertilisation management. Therefore in our study we focused on assessing the effects of five different nitrogen fertiliser levels (40, 80, 120, 160, and 200 kg N/ha) on root yield and quality of two commercial sugar beet hybrids
Uticaj predsetvenih tretmana vodenim ekstraktima alelopatskih biljaka na parametre klijanja starog semena soje
Get PDFThe aim of the paper was to examine the allelopathic influence of
aqueous extracts of herbs and medicinal plants on the quality parameters of aged
soybean seeds. The research was carried out at the Institute of Field and Vegetable
Crops in Novi Sad on aged seeds of two soybean varieties, NS simba and NS
viseris. The seeds were aged for 20 months. In order to determine the allelopathic
effect, the seeds were primed in aqueous plant extracts: geranium (Geranium
sinense), dill (Anethum graveolens), andy everlasting (Helichrysum arenarium),
creeping thyme (Thymus serpyllum), celery (Apium graveolens), oregano
(Origanum vulgare), basil (Ocimum basilicum), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis),
rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), wormwood (Artemisia absinthium), peppermint
(Mentha x piperita), sage (Salvia officinalis), and lavender (Lavandula
angustifolia). The results show that it is not possible to talk about the universal
application of a particular aqueous extract, because the effect of the allochemicals
was significantly influenced by the variety. In the variety NS viseris, all aqueous
extracts except Melissa officinalis, significantly reduced GE, GP, and VI. The most
negative effect was achieved with the use of Apium graveolens, Thymus serpyllum,
and Ocimum basilicum. Apium graveolens and Thymus serpyllum also had the
greatest impact on quality reduction in the NS simba variety. However, in the NS
simba variety, a significant increase in seed quality was achieved in addition to the
reduction. The use of the aqueous extract of Salvia officinalis increased GE and GP
by 13.7%, and VI by 10.21%. A positive effect was achieved with the use of
Melissa officinalis. All aqueous extracts had a significant effect on T50 in both
varieties, even the aqueous extracts that had a negative effect on GE and GP.Cilj rada je bio da se ispita alelopatski uticaj ekstrakta začinskog i lekovitog bilja na kvalitet starog semena soje. Ispitivanje je obavljeno na Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu, na starom semenu dve sorte soje NS Simba i NS Viseris. Seme je bilo staro 20 meseci. Radi utvrđivanja alelopatskog uticaja seme je potapano u biljne vodene ekstrakte: geranijuma (Geranium sinense), mirođije (Anethum graveolens), smilja (Helichrysum arenarium), majčine dušice (Thymus serpyllum), celera (Apium graveolens), origana (Origanum vulgare), bosiljka (Ocimum basilicum), matičnjaka (Melissa officinalis), ruzmarina (Rosmarinus officinalis), pelina (Artemisia absinthium), nane (Mentha x piperita), žalfije (Salvia officinalis), i lavande (Lavandula angustifolia). Rezultati su pokazali da se ne može govoriti o univerzalnoj primeni određenog ekstrakta, jer na efekat alelohemikalija značajan uticaj ima sorta. Kod sorte NS Viseris, svi ekstrakti, osim ekstrakta Melissa officinalis, značajno su smanjili GE, GP i VI. Najnegativniji efekat ostvaren je primenom Apium graveolens, Thymus serpyllum i Ocimum basilicum. Apium graveolens i Thymus serpyllum su najviše uticali na smanjenje kvaliteta i kod sorte NS Simba. Međutim, kod sorte NS Simba, pored smanjenja ostvareno je i značajno povećanje kvaliteta semena. Primenom ekstrakta Salvia officinalis, GE i GP su povećani za 13,7%, a VI je povećana za 10,21%. Dobar efekat je ostvaren i upotrebom Melissa officinalis. Svi ekstrakti, kod obe sorte, imali su značajan uticaj na brzinu klijanja, čak i ekstrakti koji su negativno delovali na GE i GP
Marker-assisted selection for soybean organic breeding
Get PDFMarker-assisted selection (MAS) is a valuable tool in crop breeding, including organic breeding. The application of molecular markers allows rapid screening at early developmental stages as well as more accurate and efficient identification and selection of plants with desired traits. Besides accelerating breeding, this approach reduces the need for extensive field trials and multiple generations of selection. Considering that organic breeding emphasizes sustainable practices and minimal environmental impact, MAS can reduce the need for excessive land, water, and resources typically required for conventional breeding. In addition, it can help breeders to develop organic-compliant varieties by targeting specific traits and preserving organic standards, providing more efficient and sustainable strategies for organic production systems. Molecular markers were used to screen ECOBREED soybean germplasm harbouring traits relevant to organic farming, such as cadmium accumulation, supernodulation and disease tolerance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Diaporthe complex. Genotypes with low cadmium accumulation should be used in organic food production to improve food safety, while supernodulation in soybean could be an important trait showing potential for increased nitrogen fixation. Molecular screening of genotypes for disease resistance is especially important in organic farming where chemical interventions are limited, offering an efficient and sustainable strategy for organic production
The influence of effective microorganisms on some characteristics of different maize
Get PDFThe aim of the research was to determine the impact of the EM Aktiv preparation in the maize crop (ZP 427 and ZP 548) at 160, 120, 102 kg ha-1 N in 2017 at the location of the municipality of Vladimirovci. During the growing season, there was a pronounced water deficit. The preparation was applied in three variants: EM1 - control, EM2 - foliar 2 x 6 l ha-1 in the phenological stages of 5-7 leaves and after 15 days; EM3 - the preparation was introduced into the soil 7 days before sowing 30 l ha-1 + EM2. The mass of 1000 grains, the height of the yield and the nitrogen content in the grain were determined. Application of 160 kg ha-1 nitrogen had the greatest effect on the weight of 1000 grains, and 120 kg ha-1. The production of maize on a global level takes place in a way that affects the degradation of resources and elements of the environment, the increasing dependence on mineral fertilizers and pesticides, which leads to the production of greenhouse gases and a negative impact on climate change. Today, N on grain yield in all treatments. The treatments had a positive effect on both traits. Higher values of the tested properties were found in the EM3 treatment. The applied factors did not have a statistically significant effect on the nitrogen content of maize grains
Fostering farmer engagement: ECOBREED participatory trials on organic soybean in Serbia
Get PDFFarmer Participatory trials (FPTs) promote cooperation and knowledge exchange among farmers and researchers in specific agro-climatic conditions. Farmers who actively participate in field experiments are empowered to share their knowledge and preferences. To test and spread innovations in organic production, farmers actively participate in the decision-making process regarding plant variety selection. Farmer participatory trials for organic soybean production were established in five European countries as part of the ECOBREED project. The goal of these trials was to support farmers in selecting new varieties for their respective pedo-climatic zones and locations. This involves farmers directly in the process of developing new soybean varieties, particularly when it comes to working with breeders to observe cross composite populations (CCPs). FPTs for organic soybean were set up in Serbia (2021-2022). Up to 10 soybean varieties were tested on up to 5 locations for two years period. Trial results have big variations within specific locations and production years. Organic farmers continued with testing some subset of soybean varieties in 2023. FPTs are pathway for increasing the uptake of new and improved soybean varieties for low-input and organic production