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CROPINNO - Catching Epigenetic Variations in Sunflower Drought Tolerance
No full textIn the future, it is expected that integrative approaches that combine -omics technologies by using bioinformatic tools will facilitate the identification of target genes and markers for complex traits and crop adaptation to the changing environment. CROPINNO project aims to implement multi-omics tools, with emphasis on epigenomics, for increased climate resilience of sunflower, chosen model crop for the project. In order to determine epigenetic variations in sunflower drought response, effects of drought and plant recovery are analysed at chromatin and transcriptional level. Preliminary drought stress protocols that mimic field progressive stress condition were developed with the aim to characterize sunflower response to the environmental challenges at molecular level using -omics tools, such as RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq, as well as histone modifications such as H3K4me H3K27me3. Stress experiments are performed to identify both candidate genes and their chromatin state, associated with a variable molecular response among the characterized lines and the molecular signature, in the form of a list of regulatory pathways affected
Influence of the seeding rate, row spacing, and cultivar on alfalfa forage yield in the first production year
No full textCultivated lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) is the most widely grown forage legume, mainly due to its high nutritive quality and yield. The objective of this study was to provide information about the optimal seeding rate and row spacing for alfalfa cultivation under rainfed conditions in the Republic of North Macedonia. Alfalfa was sown in the fall of 2020, using randomized complete block design in a split-split plot arrangement with three replications. The effects of two seeding rates (8 and 16 kg ha-1) and two row spaces (20 and 40 cm) were examined on fresh forage yield (FFY) and dry matter yield (DMY) of four alfalfa cultivars. From the evaluation, the sowing method (row spacing) and cultivar choice showed a significant impact on the obtained forage yield. The higher average yield of fresh (73.7 t ha-1) and dry (20.3 t ha-1) forage was achieved at a sowing distance of 20 cm. Since the seeding rate did not significantly impact FFY and DMY, in regions with a temperate climate, it is recommended that lower seeding rates than 16 kg ha-1 should be used in order to have sufficient and cost-effective alfalfa production. The inevitable issues for increasing alfalfa production are the selection of an appropriate cultivar with good adaptability to recent climate changes within compatible establishment methods
Nutritional composition and antioxidant capacity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) core collection
No full textVariation of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) core collection
was assessed based on the main nutritive and bioactive components. Nutritional
profile was described for each cultivar and landrace. Protein content was in
the familiar range for common bean (19.6-31.6%). Detected variability for
potassium, sulphur, iron and zinc was 7.78, 16.7, 14.99, and 40.17%, respectively.
Total phenolic content ranged from 1.8 to 14.1 mg GAE /g DW, with high variation
(CV = 41.3%). Likewise, antioxidant tests DPPH, ABTS and FRAP had high,
genotype-based, CV in range 29-46%. With the application of PCA and cluster
analysis, better insight in underlying germplasm structure was acknowledged,
as well accession’s grouping based on the studied traits. Cultivars Vulkan
and Panonski tetovac, breeding line HR45, landraces L24, L92, L119, L120,
and L125 had larger amounts of iron, nitrogen, and proteins. Elevated phenolic
content was observed in cultivars Balkan and Spinel, as well as landraces
L19, L29, L41 and L60. In addition, cultivar Royal Dutch was recognized for
higher levels of zinc, and higher antioxidant capacity revealed by DPPH, ABTS,
and FRAP assays. Therefore, these tests could be used in the selection of the
accessions for breeding for nutritive quality enhancing
Heavy Metals in the Cultivated Soils of Central and Western Serbia
No full textConcern over the harmful impacts of heavy metal pollution in soil has increased dramatically on a global scale. For the sake of environmental preservation, accurate estimates of the heavy metal concentrations in soil are essential. This study provides valuable data regarding heavy metal concentrations in soil collected from field crops production area in Central and Western Serbia. Five wider localities in the zones of Central and Western Serbia were selected for the collection of soil samples. Based on our research, focused on determining the total contents of heavy metals in the soil and the degree of pollution in the environment caused by their behavior, distribution, and origin, it can be concluded that there is pronounced variability in relation to localities. Heavy metal contents were mostly within the same ranges as those in similar soils from Europe and around the world. Any pollution control system must include heavy metal monitoring, including the methodical collection of data on the concentrations of heavy metals in a particular environment. Before environmental degradation occurs, it is crucial to set pollution limits and implement efficient monitoring procedures
Recuperating from stress – How does sunflower recover from drought?
No full textClimate change profoundly affects crop production. Under field conditions, there is
a cycle of rainfall and rainless periods. The intervals between rainfalls have become
prolonged in certain growing areas due to climate change leading to a significant reduction in
crop production. The ability of crops to recover from drought stress depends on the species,
genotype, and the duration and severity of drought stress. Sunflowers are particularly
sensitive to drought at the germination stage. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a test to
assess the capacity of sunflower to recover from stress at the initial developmental stage. The
test was condected in rhizotrons to monitor root growth in controlled conditions. After 7 days
of drought stress, plants were re-watered to reach the control's gravimetric water content (65%
qwc). Re-watering in rhizotrons can be challenging due to the surface depth ratio, which
hinders the uniform distribution of water. To address this, we introduced a novel slow rewatering method, facilitating a more homogeneous increase in soil water content throughout
the rhizotron. For developing this test, we selected a drought-sensitive sunflower line,
subjected it to drought conditions (50% gwc), and then re-watered it to observe its recovery
capacity. Root and shoot traits between control and treatment were analyzed, including total,
primary and lateral root length, root system width and depth, leaf area, and fresh and dry
shoot weight. This test will provide valuable insights into how sunflowers recover from
drought stress, which will be very helpful in breeding programs
NS 3036, hibrid kukuruza
No full textRešenje Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede, Uprave za zaštitu bilja, Broj: 320-04-02089/2/2022-11, od 24.04.2024
NS 4117, hibrid kukuruza
No full textRešenje Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede, Uprave za zaštitu bilja, Broj: 320-04-02099/2/2022-11, od 24.04.2024
Effects of Ethephon application on the morphological properties of the aboveground part of maize
No full textKukuruz (Zea Mays L.) zauzima centralno mesto u ishrani životinja, u nerazvijenim krajevima u ishrani ljudi, a koristi se i kao sirovina za industrijsky preradu. Proizvođači često primenjuju veće količine azota i gušći sklop biljaka od optimalnog, jer ove dve agrotehničke mere najviše utiču na povećanje prinosa zrna po jedinici površine. Međutim, takvi postupci često dovode do poleganja, što može značajno smanjiti prinos i kvalitet zrna. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se utvrdi da li tretiranje kukuruza etefonom menja morfološke osobine nadzemnog dela biljke i na taj način smanjuje negativne efekte većih gustina setve i količina azota na poleganje, kao i da se odredi optimalna doza etefona za smanjenje poleganja uz povećanje prinosa. Dva poljska ogleda su izvedena tokom 2021-2022. godine u AP Vojvodini, Srbija, koristeći split-plot dizajn sa slučajnim rasporedom tretmana u 4 ponavljanja. Ispitivane su različite doze etefona (0, 280, 560, 840 g ha-1), gustine setve (65.000, 75.000, 85.000 biljaka ha-1) i doze azota (0, 150, 250 kg ha-1) na morfološke osobine, prinos zrna i poleganje tri hibrida kukuruza (NS 3022, NS 4000, NS 444 Ultra). Rezultati su pokazali da je primena etefona značajno smanjila poleganje biljaka u uslovima povoljnim za poleganje kod sva tri hibrida, dok gustina setve i doza azota nije imala značajan uticaj na poleganje. Suva i specifična masa internodije i odnos visine do klipa i visine biljke su najznačajnije morfološke osobine čijom optimizacijom možemo smanjiti poleganje. Najveći prinos zrna kod hibrida NS 3022 i NS 4000 postignut je pri dozi etefona od 280 g ha-1 u prvoj godini, dok su optimalne doze varirale u drugoj godini, u zavisnosti od hibrida. Kod hibrida NS 444 Ultra nije došlo do značajnog povećanja prinosa nakon primene etefona. U proseku, najveći teorijski prinos zrna uz smanjenje poleganja za 26% ostvaren je na gustini setve od 65.000 biljaka ha-1 uz dozu etefona od 407 g ha-1. Istraživanje je pokazalo da etefon može ublažiti negativne efekte većih gustina i doza azota, što ga čini potencijalnim rešenjem za smanjenje poleganja u proizvodnji kukuruza. S obzirom na klimatske promene, pojavu olujnih vetrova i povećan rizik od poleganja biljaka, primena etefona bi mogla biti efikasan tehnološki pristup za poboljšanje stabilnosti proizvodnje kukuruza.Maize (Zea mays L.) holds a central role in animal feed, human diets in underdeveloped regions, and as a raw material for industrial processing. Producers often apply larger amounts of nitrogen and higher planting density than optimal, because these two agronomic practices have the most significant impact on increasing grain yield per unit area. However, such practices often lead to lodging, which can significantly reduce grain yield and quality. The aim of this research was to determine whether treating maize with ethephon alters the morphological characteristics of the above-ground part of the plant and thereby reduces the negative effects of higher planting densities and nitrogen amounts on lodging, as well as to determine the optimal dose of ethephon for reducing lodging while increasing yield. Two field trials were conducted during 2021-2022 in the AP Vojvodina, Serbia, using a split-plot design with randomly arranged treatments in 4 replications. Different doses of ethephon (0, 280, 560, 840 g ha-1), planting densities (65,000, 75,000, 85,000 plants ha-1), and nitrogen doses (0, 150, 250 kg ha-1) were examined for their effects on morphological characteristics, grain yield, and lodging of three maize hybrids (NS 3022, NS 4000, NS 444 Ultra). The results showed that the application of ethephon significantly reduced plant lodging under favorable lodging conditions for all three hybrids, while planting density and nitrogen dose had no significant impact on lodging. Dry and specific internode mass and relation between ear height and plant height are the most important morphological characteristics that can be optimized to reduce lodging. The highest grain yield of hybrids NS 3022 and NS 4000 was achieved with an ethephon dose of 280 g ha-1 in the first year, while optimal doses varied in the second year depending on the hybrid. No significant yield increase after ethephon application was recorded for NS 444 Ultra. On average, the highest theoretical grain yield along with 26% lodging reduction compared to control was achieved at the planting density of 65,000 plants ha-1 with the ethephon dose of 407 g ha-1. The research indicated that ethephon can mitigate the negative effects of higher densities and nitrogen doses, making it a potential solution for reducing lodging in maize production. In view of climate change, the occurrence of stormy winds, and the increased risk of plant lodging, the application of ethephon could be an effective technological approach in improving the stability of maize production.Doktorska disertacija je odbranjena 08.10.2024. godine na Poljoprivrednom fakultetu Univerziteta u Novom Sadu
Assessment of hulless winter barley in the Serbian climate
No full textAs global consumer trends shift towards healthier and more sustainable food choices, hulless
barley's nutritional benefits could align well with these needs. Currently, the production of hulless
barley in Europe and in Serbia does not exceed 5% of the total production of barley. Therefore,
the breeding of hulless barley has a great potential and represents a promising pathway for
agricultural innovation. The aim of this study was to explore genetic diversity present in
European gene banks accessions which could be valuable tool for future hulless barley breeding
programs. The experimental trial was conducted at Rimski šančevi with 72 winter genotypes
using two standards (RGT Planet and Maltesse varieties) set up as an augmented block design.
The sowing time was on November 2, 2023, on the 1 m² microplots with 300 viable seeds. During
the growing season, the following traits were recorded: emergence date, canopy cover, heading
time, lodging before and after flowering, stem height, and spike length. The monitoring of crop
growth was estimated by percentage of canopy coverage using Canopeo application during the
three most important developmental phases and ranged from 0.75 to 5.03 (in GS11), 35.42 to
85.48 (in GS31) and 49.56 to 93.51 (in GS 59). The earliest genotype (accession 56) started
heading on April 1, while the latest was on May 9 (accession 69). Lodging was more expressed
after flowering, with only two standards and one genotype (accession 14) showing no lodging at
all. The initial findings of Cropdiva`s project indicate that the selected genotypes panel exhibits
substantial diversity, forming a strong basis for advancing hull-less barley breeding programs
Climate change and plant-based sources
No full textThis chapter explores the profound impact of climate change on crop yields, emphasizing the importance of accurate climate scenarios for predicting agricultural futures. Rising temperatures due to global warming significantly alter plant phenological stages, shortening crucial periods such as reproduction and grain-filling, leading to reduced yields. Through comprehensive modeling studies, the research highlights both regional increases and decreases in crop productivity. While wheat yields might rise in specific regions such as Western Europe and Canada, significant reductions are anticipated in countries such as India and Pakistan. Similar challenges are faced by rice production, particularly in regions such as Central Asia and Europe, with potential global yield decreases of up to 13.1%. These findings underscore the urgent need for adaptation strategies, including crop changes and altered sowing seasons, emphasizing the critical role of precise predictions in mitigating climate change’s impact on global agriculture. Elevated CO2 levels lead to starch accumulation, diluting proteins and minerals in crops such as wheat and rice, while elevated temperatures and drought conditions affect grain constituents and oilseed quality. Additionally, climate change influences antinutrient levels and fosters mycotoxin-producing fungi, posing health risks. As climate change intensifies, innovative plant breeding approaches are crucial to develop resilient crops. Integration of high-throughput phenotyping, molecular markers, machine learning, CRISPR/Cas genome editing, and speed breeding creates a powerful toolkit. These multidisciplinary methods not only accelerate breeding but also ensure precision agriculture, enabling swift adaptation to climate challenges and securing the global food supply. Traditional breeding coupled with advanced genomic tools provides a foundation for creating climate-resilient “smart crops,” bridging the gap between production demands and unpredictable climate changes.Poglavlje je verifikovano kao M13 na 43. sednici MNO za BiP održanoj 06.10.2025. godine