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Direct, species-specific detection of Waitea circinata var. zeae
No full textThe species-specific detection of soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi is often challenging. Many different detection procedures have been used, from direct microscopic examination, incubation under wet conditions and isolation, to the application of serological and various molecular methods. Most of these methodological approaches are not species-specific and have to be combined in order to identify the causal agent. They are also time-consuming and require experienced and trained personnel. The development of direct, rapid, easy-to-perform and species-specific molecular tools would significantly speed up the work and expand the capacity of diagnostic laboratories. Waitea circinata Warcup & Talbot is a soil-borne pathogen that comprises five varieties: circinata, oryzae, zeae, agrotis and prodigus, separated based on differences in colony morphology and host range
Occurrence of the planthopper Reptalus quinquecostatus (Dufour) (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae), a vector of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ driving the sugar beet RTD epidemic, in a multi-crop system
No full textReptalus quinquecostatus (Dufour) sensu Holzinger et af, (2003) (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae) is a polyphagous planthopper recently recognized as a key vector of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ (stolbur phytoplasma) in the epidemiology of Rubbery Taproot Disease (RTD) affecting sugar beet. The consistent association of this planthopper with specific ‘Ca. P. solani’ strains (dStolg) in RTD-affected sugar beet fields from 2020 to 2023, combined with experimental phytoplasma transmission trials, strongly implicates R. quinquecostatus as a primary vector driving the RTD epidemic in Serbia. Known for its broad host range, A. quinquecostatus has been documented in Serbia feeding on various crops apart from sugar beet, including corn, tobacco, and parsnip, as well as wild plants such as Prunus spp., Crataegus spp., and common weeds like Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Amaranthus retroflexus, Solanum nigrum, etc. While crop rotation has been implicated in host shifts for other ‘Ca. P. solani’ planthopper vectors, such as Reptalus panzeri Low and Pentastiridius leporinus (Linnaeus), the crop-associated host shifts for R. quinquecostatus have not been previously explored
Varijabilnost prinosa zrna i osobina kvaliteta sorti pšenice u uslovima južne Panonske nizije
No full textIn order to meet milling industry and grain producers’ requirements, wheat grain needs to possess good technological quality, and high and stable grain production. This study analyzed 30 varieties of winter wheat over four growing seasons (2015/16, 2016/17, 2017/18, and 2018/19) at the location Rimski Šančevi, Serbia. The studied traits were under the control of genotype, environment, and their interaction. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the influence of the factors varied depending on the studied trait. Thousand grain weight showed the highest variability depending on genotype influence, protein content and sedimentation value that were mostly affected by environmental conditions, while the genotype and environment interaction had the greatest impact on hectoliter weight and grain yield. Using principal component analysis significant positive relationship was observed between protein content and sedimentation value, and between thousand grain weight and hectoliter weight. It was also shown that yield and thousand grain weight, sedimentation value and hectoliter weight are positively related. A strong negative association was noted between grain yield and protein content. The protein content and hectoliter weight did not show any dependency. All analyzed traits are significant for breeding programs, emphasizing the importance of developing high-quality varieties with high yield potential and tolerance to adverse environmental conditions.Kako bi se zadovoljili zahtevi mlinarske industrije i proizvođača strnih žita, neophodno je da zrno pšenice ima dobar tehnološki kvalitet i da usev ostvaruje visoke i stabilne prinose. U radu je analizirano 30 sorti ozime pšenice tokom četiri uzastopne vegetacione sezone (2015/16, 2016/17, 2017/18, 2018/19) na lokalitetu Rimski šančevi, Srbija. Proučavane osobine su bile pod kontrolom genotipa, spoljašnje sredine i njihove interakcije. Primenom analize varijanse (ANOVA) utvrđeno je da se uticaj faktora razlikovao u zavisnosti od proučavane osobine. Masa 1000 zrna je najviše varirala u zavisnosti od genotipa, sadržaj proteina i sedimentaciona vrednost od uticaja spoljne sredine, dok je interakcija genotipa i sredine imala najveći efekat na hektolitarsku masu i prinos pšenice. Primenom analize glavnih komponenti, utvrđena je značajna pozitivna veza između sadržaja proteina i sedimentacione vrednosti, kao i mase 1000 zrna i hektolitarske mase. Takođe je dobijeno da su prinos i masa 1000 zrna u pozitivnoj međuzavisnosti, kao i sedimentaciona vrednost i hektolitarska masa. Jaka negativna veza je zabeležena između prinosa zrna i sadržaja proteina. Sadržaj proteina i hektolitarska masa nisu pokazale međusobnu zavisnost. Sve analizirane osobine su značajne u programima oplemenjivanja pšenice, pri čemu je važno stvarati kvalitetne sorte visokog potencijala za prinos i tolerantne na nepovoljne uslove spoljne sredine
Workshop Non-invasive plant phenotyping approaches and research infrastructure management held in March 2024 FZJ program, report and pictures
No full textThis dataset contains the program, report and participant pictures from the workshop for IFVCNS researchers titled Non-invasive plant phenotyping approaches and research infrastructure management, held on 4-5 March 2024 at FZJ within CROPINNO project
Insight into fertility restoration governed by Rf1 in sunflowers
No full textWorldwide commercial sunflower hybrid breeding is based on the PET1 cytoplasm originating from an interspecific hybridization of H. petiolaris and H. annuus. Fertility restoration represents an essential part of sunflower hybrid production, which allows pollen production in the presence of a cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) cytoplasm. Three potential candidate genes for Rf1 have been identified on linkage group 13. All three genes belong to the PPR gene family, but nothing is known about their specific functions. Two of the candidate genes HanXRQr2 Chr13g0609921 (PPR841) and HanXRQr2 Chr13g0609901 (PPR861) group together with the restorer genes from Petunia, whereas the third gene HanXRQr2 Chr13g0608631 (PPR621) groups together with restorer gene Rfm1 in Hordeum vulgare. These latter genes represent RNA editing factors carrying the characteristic E-domain (HxExnCxxC) and DYW domain at the C-terminus of the protein. Editing of the PET1-specific CMS protein ORFH522 gives a more pronounced predicted membrane domain and might be relevant for the male-sterile phenotype. The four KASP markers derived from SNPs representing the three potential fertility restorer genes mapped closely to the restorer geneRf1. Using these KASP markers for screening577 sunflower accessions for restorer lines of the PET1 cytoplasm could be identified that do not carry the Rf1 gene, but must have a different restorer gene, which would be interesting to use in hybrid production to avoid linkage drag due to use of Rf1
FAIR data in plant sciences - management, storage and access
No full textThis is a training material from the workshop for IFVCNS researchers titled Non-invasive plant phenotyping approaches and research infrastructure management, held on 4-5 March 2024 at FZJ within CROPINNO project. The material covers FAIR principles, research data management, data storage and access, and metadata in plant phenotyping.Workshop program, report and pictures [https://fiver.ifvcns.rs/handle/123456789/5598
Castor Oil Extraction: Methods and Impacts
No full textThis paper provides an overview of castor (Ricinus communis L.) plant characteristics, cultivation, seed harvest, reception, and pretreatment, and oil extraction, refinement, storage, and physicochemical properties, composition, and uses. It focuses on various traditional and novel methods of castor oil extraction and their optimization, kinetics, thermodynamics, and techno-economic, environmental, and social issues. Generally, novel techniques proved higher oil yield in a shorter time than conventional ones. The hybrid ultrasound-microwave-assisted extraction provided the highest oil yield, whereas supercritical CO2 extraction showed no effect. The composition and properties of castor oil depend on not only extraction methods but also geographical origin, climate, soil, cultivar, and harvest time. The future perspective involves utilizing the entire biomass in a biorefinery to maximize the value of oil, seed cake, and waste residues. Castor oil production offers opportunities for sustainable development, but challenges must be addressed to ensure sustainability and social responsibility throughout the production process
Combination of Chromatographic Analysis and Chemometric Methods with Bioactivity Evaluation of the Antibacterial Properties of Helichrysum italicum Essential Oil
No full textHelichrysum italicum (immortelle) essential oil is one of the most popular essential oils worldwide and it has many beneficial properties, including antimicrobial. However, in this plant, the chemical diversity of the essential oil is very pronounced. The aim of this work was to process the GC-MS results of four samples of H. italicum essential oil of Serbian origin by chemometric tools, and evaluate the antimicrobial activity in vitro and in silico. Overall, 47 compounds were identified, the most abundant were γ-curcumene, α-pinene, and ar-curcumene, followed by α-ylangene, neryl acetate, trans-caryophyllene, italicene, α-selinene, limonene, and italidiones. Although the four samples of H. italicum essential oil used in this study were obtained from different producers in Serbia, they belong to the type of essential oil rich in sesquiterpenes (γ-curcumene and ar-curcumene chemotype). In vitro antimicrobial potential showed that five were sensitive among ten strains of tested microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Candida albicans. Therefore, these microorganism models were used further for in silico molecular docking through the mechanism of ATP-ase inhibitory activity. Results showed that among all compounds from H. italicum essential oil, neryl acetate has the highest predicted binding energy. Artificial neural network modeling (ANN) showed that two major compounds γ-curcumene and α-pinene, as well as minor compounds such as trans-β-ocimene, terpinolene, terpinene-4-ol, isoitalicene, italicene, cis-α-bergamotene, trans-α-bergamotene, italidiones, trans-β-farnesene, γ-selinene, β-selinene, α-selinene, and guaiol are responsible for the antimicrobial activity of H. italicum essential oil. The results of this study indicate that H. italicum essential oil samples rich in γ-curcumene, α-pinene, and ar-curcumene cultivated in Serbia (Balkan) have antimicrobial potential both in vitro and in silico. In addition, according to ANN modeling, the proportion of neryl acetate and other compounds detected in these samples has the potential to exhibit antimicrobial activity
Sunflower pollination as a condition for successful production
No full textSuncokret je stranooplodna entomofilna biljka i za uspešnu proizvodnju semena neophodno je prisustvo polinatora. Ispitivan je uticaj uslova oplodnje na elemente prinosa. U slobodnoj oplodnji prinos semena po glavi je u proseku za 12 genotipova u 2 godine ispitivanja bio za 72,13% veći u odnosu na uslove samooplodnje, masa 1000 semena je bila za 10,08% manja a sadržaj ulja veći za gotovo 6%. Uslovi oplodnje značajno utiču na sadržaj ulja što potvrđuje i Spirmanov koeficijent korelacije rangova genotipova po sadržaju ulja u dva tipa oplodnje koji je veoma nizak (Sccr = 0,1119). Na posetu utiču sadržaj nektara, količina i kvalitet polena, dužina krunice, boja cveta i drugi faktori atraktivnosti, ali je veći uticaj faktora spoljašnje sredine i primenjenih agrotehničkih mera.The sunflower is an entomophilous plant, and the presence of pollinators is necessary for successful seed production. The influence of fertilization conditions on yield elements was examined. In open pollination, the seed yield per head was on average 72.13% higher for 12 genotypes in 2 years of testing compared to self-fertilization conditions, the weight of 1000 seeds was 10.08% lower and the oil content was almost 6% higher. Fertilization conditions significantly affect the oil content, which is confirmed by Spearman's coefficient of correlation of genotype ranks by oil content in two types of fertilization, which is very low (Scer = 0.1119). The visit is influenced by the content of nectar, the quantity and quality of pollen, the length of the corolla, the color of the flower and other factors of attractiveness, but the factors of the external environment and applied agrotechnical measures have a greater influence
Response of wheat to abiotic stresses: drought, cold, and heat in Pananonian Basin cultivars
No full textOne of the world's most strategically important cereal grain crops, wheat, is severely threatened by environmental stresses like heat, cold, and drought in the Pannonia Basin. These conditions also have an adverse effect on plant growth, cell activity, and yields. New tools are created as science and technology progress, and existing ones are improved for use by breeders. To address the abiotic stress challenges, combining new and old tools can lead to higher agronomical efficiency. The study, conducted at our experimental field (Novi Sad, a centre of Pannonia Basin), used five winter wheat cultivars (Simonida, Petrija, Ljubica, Zvezdana, and NS Mila) over three consecutive growing seasons to evaluate genetic interaction and the degree of tolerance and adaptability of different cultivars to abiotic stresses like drought, cold and heat. An analysis of grain yield and four quantitative yield components was conducted to evaluate the expression of adapted genotypes in the area. The cultivar with the longest history of usage, Simonida, had the most reliable yield response out of all of them. Furthermore, statistical analysis results supported the notion that it exhibited some degree of partial tolerance to abiotic stress conditions, presumably as a result of stress memory being incorporated into its genetic code