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Allelopathic Potential of Artemisia absinthium and Artemisia vulgaris from Serbia: Chemical Composition and Bioactivity on Weeds
No full textThe use of Artemisia species’ plant extracts and essential oils, which are rich in bioactive compounds (allelochemicals), could support weed management. This study focused on the chemical analysis and evaluation of the allelopathic potential of plant extracts (PEs) and essential oils (EOs) of Artemisia absinthium and A. vulgaris on the germination and early seedling growth of weeds (Amaranthus retroflexus and Setaria viridis) in vitro. The plant extract from A. vulgaris showed higher antioxidant activity (IC50 = 0.171 ± 0.01 mg/mL) and phenolic content than that from A. absinthium (IC50 = 0.263 ± 0.01 mg/mL). Chlorogenic acid was the most abundant phenol in both extracts. However, A. absinthium contained a higher amount (1.694 ± 0.081 mg/g) and exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect on the germination of A. retroflexus (EC50 = 0.54 ± 0.02%) and S. viridis (EC50 = 1.51 ± 0.07%) compared to A. vulgaris. The dominant components of A. absinthium essential oil were β-thujone (18.9%), cis-ocimene epoxide (7.88%), and bicyclogermacrene (7.04%), while the main constituents of A. vulgaris essential oil included gurjunene (10.41%), cis-crysanthenyl acetate (7.17%), and γ-humulene (6.67%). The lowest EC50 values for A. absinthium essential oil regarding seed germination and seedling length were estimated for S. viridis (0.28 ± 0.48% and 0.03 ± 0.00%, respectively), whereas A. retroflexus was the most sensitive to A. vulgaris essential oil (0.11 ± 0.04% and 0.02 ± 0.00%, respectively). All tested extracts showed allelopathic potential; however, the results indicate that the essential oils had a stronger inhibitory effect than the plant extracts
Optimizing Nitrogen Rate and Biostimulant Application to Improve Onion (Allium cepa L.) Yield and Nutrient Use Efficiency
No full textOnion (Allium cepa L.) is a widely cultivated vegetable valued for its taste, aroma, and nutritional content. Biostimulants (BTs) are substances that stimulate plant growth and development. This study explores the impact of BTs and nitrogen (N) fertilization on the yield and nutrient use efficiency of directly seeded onions, addressing the challenges of excessive N application and promoting sustainable practices. A two-year field experiment was conducted using a split-plot design with three replications. Treatments included a control (C), a seaweed extract-based BT (T1), humic and fulvic acids (T2), and Trichoderma spp. (T3). N rates applied were 64 kg N/ha (N1), 100 kg N/ha (N2), 150 kg N/ha as the standard (NS), and 200 kg N/ha (N3). Compared to the C × NS treatment, T1 × N1 increased yield by 7.6% with a saving of 50 kg N/ha; T2 × N3 increased yield by 19.4%; and T3 × N1 increased yield by 11.7% with a saving of 86 kg N/ha. The T2 treatment reduced N uptake under excessive N rate (T2 × N3), indicating a potential protective effect against stress induced by high N levels. Treatment with T1 improved nutrient use efficiency (NUtE, PUtE, KUtE) and partial factor productivity (PFP) under reduced N conditions (T1 × N1). The study advises farmers to apply T3 under reduced N rates (N1 and N2) to improve yield and highlights that all three BTs enhance nutrient use efficiency, providing promising strategies to boost onion productivity while minimizing nutrient losses in direct seeding cultivation
AGROSERV project – a unique platform for supporting the development of sustainable food systems and fostering agro-ecological transition
No full textAgricultural systems, encompassing agroforestry, aquaculture, pastoralism, horticulture, and husbandry, are confronted with numerous interconnected challenges. The global population is projected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050, with a peak of nearly 11.2 billion by 2100. In this scenario, it is estimated that nearly the resources of three planets would be required to sustain current lifestyles. Within the current food and nutrition systems (FNS), the expanding global population will necessitate an increase in both crop and livestock production, which will likely lead to greater reliance on antibiotics, pesticides, and fertilizers. These practices can negatively affect soil functions and the broader ecosystem, potentially causing the emergence of pests and diseases. As a result, adapting current agricultural practices is no longer optional; it is critical not only for sustaining agricultural output but also for preserving essential ecosystem services. The scientific community plays a crucial role in supporting the shift towards agroecology by strengthening innovation in agricultural systems, emphasizing the integration of ecological processes to enhance the functioning of agro-ecosystems, and ultimately contributing to the development of sustainable food systems and supply chains. Research Infrastructures (RIs) possess the capability to offer long-term resources and services to research communities, positioning them uniquely to address these complex challenges and respond to this critical call
Millet Market in the World
No full textMillet is a collective term for the most important species are pearl millet, finger millet, proso millet and foxtail millet. Pearl millet accounts for almost half of global millet production. Millet is a gluten-free cereal. In the world, in the last years, growing interest in gluten-free grains is increasing, together with major incidences of celiac disease. Cereals like millet, maize, sorghum, and pseudocereals like buckwheat, amaranth, quinoa, and teff are the main ingredients for a gluten diet. The estimated prevalence of Celiac disease is around 1 % of the population in the western world and medical nutritional therapy is the only accepted treatment for celiac disease. To date, the replacement of gluten in bread presents a significant technological challenge for the cereal scientists due to the low baking performance of gluten-free products. The consumer’s growing demand for high-quality gluten-free bread is in the world. The production of millet in the ten years (2014-2023; 29.48 million tons) shows a growth trend at a rate of 0.91%. However, millet production records a downward trend of 6%, from 32.1 million tonnes in 2022/2023 to 30,26 million tonnes in 2023/2024. In Asia and Africa, account for about 94 percent of global output, estimated at some 30 million tons (2023/2024 average). Of this, pearl millet accounts for about 15 million tons, foxtail millet for 5 million tons, proso millet for 4 million tons and finger millet for over 3 million tons. The major producers of millets in 2023/2024 were India (42%; 12,84 mil t); Niger (10%; 3,16 mil. t); China (9%; 2,7 mil. t); Mali (6%; 1.94 mil. t); Nigeria (5%; 1.56 mil. t); Senegal (4%; 1,35 mil. t); Ethiopia (4%; 1.1 mil. t); Burkina Faso (3%; 861000 t), Sudan (2%; 684000 t), and Chad (2%; 634000 t)
NS Marko Linseed and Health Benefit
No full textLinseed - Linum usitatissimum L., is a “super food” with numerous health benefits since it includes large concentrations of biologically active components such lignans, dietary fiber, and α-linolenic acid. Interest in linseed-based food has increased because of its nutritional composition and many beneficial properties for human health. The aim of the study was to examine the potential of two linseed cultivars and brings studies on linseed into a new larger perspective combining current knowledge about linseed as well as possible benefits to human health. The two linseed cultivars, NS Marko and NS Primus, were tested in Bački Petrovac on chernozem in 2022 and the seed yields and tocopherol content in the seeds were examined. Cold pressed linseed oil is obtained on a manual press. The prepared oil samples were analyzed by normal phase liquid chromatography with a fluorescent detector. The variety NS Marko has brown, while NS Primus has golden seed colors and and they achieved high seed yields, 1700 kg ha-1 and 1500 kg ha-1 and good quality grain. In a dry year, on average, high average seed yields were produced, 1600 kg ha-1. The content of total tocopherols in the oil was 280 mg/L. γ-tocopherol accounted for 100% of the total tocopherols present. Niacin and tocopherol, which have potent antioxidant qualities, are abundant in linseed. An adequate intake of vitamin E reduces the risk of Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular disease, and several types of cancer. Consuming linseed may help lower blood pressure, fasting glucose, and the insulin resistance index as well as enhance lipid profiles. Because linseed provides so many nutritional benefits, its manufacturing is justified. It is advised to include linseed on a regular basis in the diet to maintain good health
Agronomic Practices in the Production of Buckwheat - Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.
No full textBuckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) has important agrotechnical value in addition to its important nutritional and therapeutic qualities. Although it may adapt to Mediterranean temperatures, buckwheat has historically been grown in temperate climes. High temperatures (>30°C) can promote floral sterility and cause lodging by decreasing stem diameter, that's why is necessary to be increase it by investigating the optimum agronomical practices and creating new cultivar selection. Buckwheat's a honey plant and has an extended flowering season and nectar-rich blooms make it a useful species for beneficial insects. Under ideal meteorological circumstances, it has been observed to be a species that effectively improves pollination services. The pseudocereal buckwheat is appreciated crop because of its short growth period, moderate requirements for growth conditions, and high adaptability to adverse environments. Trials with the Novosadska buckwheat variety were conducted in Bački Petrovac in 2021 under irrigated conditions, during three-sowing seasons. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of irrigation in three sowing dates: early sowing (mid-April), mid-season sowing (April 25) and late spring sowing (May 10) and to determine the potential of buckwheat as an agricultural crop and brings studies on buckwheat into a new larger perspective combining current knowledge in agricultural practice and increasing production. Early spring was the best time to sow dry biomass (4.3 t ha–1) and grain yield (1.4 t ha–1), while late spring sowings yield the highest dry biomass/forage yield when irrigated (6.5 t ha–1), but they were not suitable for producing grain due to the negative effects of high summer temperatures on seed set and seed filling. Buckwheat may be successfully introduced as a second summer crop. It would be grown in the early spring to produce grain and in the late spring to produce fodder crops, in dry years it is preferable to irrigate crops
Chemical Composition, Chemometric Analysis, and Sensory Profile of Santolina chamaecyparissus L. (Asteraceae) Essential Oil: Insights from a Case Study in Serbia and Literature-Based Review
No full textThe flowers of Santolina chamaecyparissus have a distinct aroma and taste, with a wide range of applications in medicine, food, and packaging. Its essential oil offers numerous health benefits, including antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anticancer, antidiabetic, spasmolytic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, and antiparasitic properties. Additionally, it is used as a flavoring agent in food and beverages and as a natural preservative in edible coatings for food packaging. This study investigates the chemical composition and sensory properties of the S. chamaecyparissus essential oil from Serbia, obtained via hydrodistillation, and includes a literature-based analysis of the existing profiles. Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) was employed for identifying the essential oil composition, while chemometric techniques like the genetic algorithm (GA), quantitative structure–retention relationship (QSRR) analysis, artificial neural network (ANN), and molecular descriptors were applied to ensure accurate and reliable results for authenticating the oil. Among the 47 identified compounds, oxygenated monoterpenes, especially artemisia ketone (36.11%), and oxygenated sesquiterpenes, notably vulgarone B (22.13%), were the primary constituents. Chemometric analysis proved effective in predicting the oil’s composition, and sensory evaluation revealed a herbal aroma with earthy, woody, and camphoraceous notes. A literature review highlighted the variability in oil composition due to geographical, environmental, and extraction factors, underscoring its chemical diversity, bioactivity, and potential applications
NIMI B 4, inbred linija suncokreta (Rusija)
No full textNIMI B 4, inbred linija suncokreta, priznata od strane Ministarstva za poljoprivredu Ruske Federacije (Министерство сельского хозяйства Российской Федерации), rešenje Državne komisije Ruske Federacije za ispitivanje i zaštitu selekcionih dostignuća (Государственная комиссия Российской Федерации по испытанию и охране селекционных достижений (ФГБУ Госсорткомиссия)) br. 7553371 od 2025. godine, Moskva, Ruska Federacij
Hulless barley accessions as a pre-breeding resource for healthy food barley for Europe
No full textBarley is sadly overlooked as a food in Europe, despite its health properties, especially beta-glucan soluble fibre. Spring barley has lower inputs than wheat and can grow iп more marginal conditions expected due to climate change. Naked (hulless) barley is а type ог barley with free-threshing grains that is especially suited for human food. Due to the small market for seed, naked barley has not been a priority for European plant breeders, but а wide diversity is available in the IPK genebank, mainly landraces. In 2023 and 2024 CROPDIVA partners tested 300 hulless barley accessions at three sites in Serbia, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. An augmented design was used with 10 standards - hulled and hulless barley varieties from all three countries and Germany, each replicated six times within each experimental site.[https://www.agrobiodiversityalongthevaluechain.eu/
Efficacy of several insecticides and plant extracts against the european corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) in sweet pepper
No full textPepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is a globally important crop, often affected by the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner, ECB), a significant pest causing substantial yield losses. Chemical insecticides, such as chlorantraniliprole and indoxacarb, are commonly used to control this pest; however, their environmental and health risks and potential for resistance development highlight the need for alternative pest management strategies. Biological control methods offer promising alternatives, including natural enemies and plant-derived compounds. This study evaluated the efficacy of neem oil, garlic extract, and chili pepper extracts against ECB larvae on pepper plants, comparing them to the chemical insecticides indoxacarb and chlorantraniliprole. Results from a two-year field experiment indicated that chlorantraniliprole exhibited the highest efficacy in reducing pepper fruit damage and larval survival, with the lowest damage severity and the lowest number of larvae per fruit. In the first year, neem oil and garlic extract showed promising results, effectively reducing fruit damage and performing comparably to indoxacarb. However, in the second year,
only chlorantraniliprole showed consistent efficacy, likely due to unfavorable weather conditions that reduced the persistence of other treatments. Compared to the control, plant extracts showed higher efficacy in the first year of the trial, while indoxacarb was equally effective as the plant extracts. These findings suggest that plant-derived products like neem oil and garlic extract may be viable alternatives to chemical insecticides; However, further investigation is needed to optimize their application and efficacy in pest control