5782 research outputs found
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Izgledi za oplemenjivanje i proučavanje heterozisa za prinos i komponente prinosa hibrida bele lupine (Lupinus albus L.)
No full textThe study was conducted in the period 2019-2023 with white lupine cultivars (NORT486, BGR6305 and WAT) and their hybrids (NORT486 × BGR6305; BGR6305 × NORT486; BGR6305 × WAT; WAT × BGR6305) in F1-F3 generations. The following parameters were defined: heterosis effect in F1, inbred depression, degree of dominance in F1 and F2, transgression, dominance, epistasis, coefficient of inheritance in broad sense and narrow sense, coefficient of effectiveness of the mass of genotypes by phenotypical performance of the trait, cytoplasmic effect were determined. The highest positive hypothetical (17.76%-94.73%) and true heterosis (11.0-81.76%) was found in the crosses BGR6305 × NORT486 and BGR6305 × WAT regarding plant height, seeds number, seed weight per plant, 1000 seeds mass, and in BGR6305× WAT – for pods number (97.09%, 90.61%). In F1 of hybrids BGR6305 × NORT486 and BGR6305 × WAT, the inheritance of plant height, seeds weight, and 1000 seeds mass was positively predominant. Negative dominance and predominance were established in WAT × BGR6305 for plant height (-7.41) and 1000 seed mass (-0.69) and in NORT486 × BGR6305 and BGR6305 × NORT486 for pods number (-1.95, -2.99).Studija je sprovedena u periodu 2019-2023 godine sa sortama bele lupine (NORT486, BGR6305 i VAT) i njihovim hibridima (NORT486 × BGR6305; BGR6305 × NORT486; BGR6305 × VAT; VAT) × BGR6305 u generaciji. Definisani su sledeći parametri: efekat heterozisa u F1, inbred depresija, stepen dominacije u F1 i F2, transgresija, dominacija, epistaza, koeficijent nasleđivanja u širem i užem smislu, koeficijent efektivnosti mase genotipova po fenotipskom ponašanju utvrđeno je svojstvo, citoplazmatski efekat. Najveći pozitivni hipotetički (17,76%-94,73%) i pravi heterozis (11,0-81,76%) pronađen je kod ukrštanja BGR6305 × NORT486 i BGR6305 × VAT u pogledu visine biljke, broja semena, težine semena po biljci, mase 1000 semena i BGR6305× VAT – za broj mahuna (97,09%, 90,61%). U F1 hibrida BGR6305 × NORT486 i BGR6305 × VAT pozitivno je dominiralo nasleđivanje visine biljke, težine semena i mase 1000 semena. Negativna dominacija i prevlast utvrđena je u VAT × BGR6305 za visinu biljke (-7,41) i masu 1000 semena (-0,69) i u NORT486 × BGR6305 i BGR6305 × NORT486 za broj mahuna (-1,95, -2,99). Kod većine hibrida, epistatičke interakcije gena su igrale veću ulogu u nasleđivanju osobina. Genotipski je određena fenotipska ekspresija osobina visine biljke, broja mahuna i broja semena u BGR6305 × VAT, kao i težine semena po biljci u BGR6305 × VAT i VAT × BGR6305. Da bi se postigli brži rezultati u ovim akcesijama, potrebno je izvršiti višestruku individualnu selekciju u ranim hibridnim potomstvima (F2 - F3). Što se tiče mase 1000 semena, uspeh oplemenjivanja (kroz masovnu selekciju) se može postići u kasnijim hibridnim generacijama
Innovations in climate-resilient crop breeding
No full textClimate change significantly impacts crop production, leading to reduced yields and increased risks of crop failures. Changes in temperature, rainfall and drought patterns, the frequency of extreme weather events as well as the emergence of new diseases and pests as a consequence of climate change negatively affect crop growth and development. Breeding has always had multiple objectives, however, climate change makes breeding objectives change more frequently than before. Tackling with such a complex problem requires using a comprehensive approach and introducing innovations. Within a project funded by the European Commission under the agreement No. 101059784 “Stepping up scientific excellence and innovation capacity for climate-resilient crop improvement and production” CROPINNO, a team of scientists from the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops are teaming up with respectable European research institutions and Universities to introduce novel techniques in climate-resilient crop breeding. One of the outcomes of CROPINNO is the establishment of the Center of Excellence for Innovations in Breeding of Climate-Resilient Crops – Climate Crops, which will continue the efforts in tackling with climate change to produce new climate resilient crop varieties
Phytoremediation potential of metallophytes in Europe: Progress, enhancement strategies, and biomass utilisation
No full textPhytoremediation is a plant-driven process, widely regarded as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly in situ approach for remediating contaminated soil and water by taking up contaminants including potentially toxic elements (PTEs). In the last two decades, substantial research has focused on elucidating the mechanisms of phytoremediation and enhancing its efficiency, primarily through the identification of optimal plant species and the use of various amendments. Nevertheless, real-scale application of phytoremediation remains rare, and several critical questions need to be addressed, including selection of most effective species, improved effectiveness of phytoremediation process, and managing the safe utilisation of contaminated biomass. This review specifically focuses on phytoremediation of potentially toxic metals and metalloids in major metallophyte groups (wild herbaceous species, trees, and agricultural crops) recognizing the most efficient species for the anthropogenically influenced soils in Europe. It summarises the current state of knowledge regarding the use of respective plant species, highlighting the phytoremediation efficiency, critically examining existing and novel phytoremediation enhancement strategies and biomass utilisation pathways for each particular group. Future perspectives and research needed to refine the efficiency and economic viability of the phytoremediation process in Europe lay in better recognition of underlying physiological mechanism for metal stress tolerance, particularly among the most effective species and genera, application of synergistic enhancing techniques for delineated group of metallophytes and development of sustainable and cost-effective biomass utilisation routes
Status of breeding and seed production of major field crops in Serbia: Facing the effects of climate change
No full textSerbia has favorable agro-ecological conditions for crop production, especially for field crops such as maize, wheat, sunflower, soybean etc. With a long tradition in plant breeding and seed production, the country holds strong potential for developing a competitive seed industry. However, climate change, through higher temperatures, shifting rainfall patterns, and more frequent extreme weather, poses serious challenges to traditional crop varieties, affecting both yield and quality. Breeding programs should focus on traits like drought and heat tolerance, and resistance to pests and diseases. Modern tools such as molecular breeding and advanced seed technologies need to be more widely applied to speed up the development of climate adapted varieties. To maintain productivity and ensure food security amid a changing climate, Serbia must adopt clear policies and significantly increase investment in agricultural research and development to strengthen its breeding and seed systems
Integrative approaches to enhance reproductive resilience of crops for climate-proof agriculture
No full textWorldwide agricultural systems are threatened by rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and shifting climate zones. Climate change-driven failure in sexual reproduction is a major cause for yield reduction in horticultural and grain crops. Consequently, understanding how climate change affects reproductive processes in crops is crucial for global food security and prosperity. The development of climate-proof crops, including maize, wheat, barley, rice, and tomato, requires new genetic material and novel management practices to ensure high productivity under less favorable conditions. Safeguarding successful plant reproduction is challenging due to the complex nature of this biological process, and therefore, a multifaceted approach is the key to success. In this review, we provide an overview of the processes underlying plant reproduction and how they are affected by different abiotic stresses related to climate change. We discuss how genetics, advanced breeding technologies, biotechnological innovations, and sustainable agronomic practices can collectively contribute to the development of resilient crop varieties. We also highlight the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in optimizing breeding strategies, predicting climate impacts, and improving crop management practices to enhance reproductive resilience and ensure food security. Lastly, we discuss the vision of a new era in agriculture where diverse actors and stakeholders cooperate to create climate-proof crops
Influence of genotype, climatic factors and sowing time on maize yield and water release rate
No full textThe objective of this paper was to determine the optimal sowing periods for maize in alluvial soil in the semiarid conditions of the southern of Serbia during two successive growing seasons of six maize genotypes from three FAO ripening groups and three sowing periods. Different climatic conditions, temperatures, and amounts of precipitation levels during the examined research period, as well as different sowing periods, had a significant effect on grain yield and yield characteristics variation. The 2014 growing season was more favorable due to a well-distributed rainfall pattern during the critical stages of maize growth, which positively affected thousand-kernel weight and grain yield. Grain yield was significantly higher in 2014 compared to 2015, which was less favorable due to high temperatures and reduced rainfall during the critical growth stages. The genotypes NS 5051 and ZP 555 demonstrated the greatest stability in the number of grains per cob during the second sowing period in the 2014 season. The greatest stability in thousand-kernel weight was achieved by genotype NS 6030 in all three sowing periods in the 2014 season. The genotypes NS 5051 and ZP 555 showed the highest stability of grain yield in all three sowing periods in 2014, and positive interaction with the environment was achieved during the second sowing period in 2015. The results indicate the need for a localized approach when selecting hybrids and adjusting optimal sowing periods to mitigate the negative effects of climate change and to get maximize yield
Enhancing Wheat Productivity and Reducing Lead Uptake Through Biochar, Bentonite, and Rock Phosphate Integration
No full textHeavy metal (HMs) toxicity has severely impacted wheat production and is considered an emerging threat to human health due to bioaccumulation. The application of organic and inorganic amendments has proven effective in mitigating HM’s phytotoxicity by limiting their mobility in soil and plants. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of biochar (BC), bentonite (BN), and rock phosphate (RP), both individually and in combination, in alleviating lead (Pb) toxicity and enhancing wheat growth, and physiological attributes. The present investigation revealed that BC, BN, RP, and their combined mineral biochar amendments (MBAs) at 1.5% level significantly enhanced wheat growth along with reducing DTPA-extractable Pb in soil by 30.0–49.8% and Pb uptake in roots by 15.7–37.5% and in shoots by 34.5–48.5%. Antioxidant enzymatic activities were improved, and stress indicators were reduced in roots and shoots of wheat under Pb stress, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by 50.7 and 81.0%, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels by 16.0 and 74.9%, and proline content by 34.5 and 64.0%, respectively. The effectiveness of the treatments is described in descending order viz. MBA-1 > MBA-3 > MBA-2 > BC > RP > BN under Pb stress. In conclusion, the integration of biochar, bentonite, and rock phosphate is a promising strategy for sustainable and cleaner cereal crop production under heavy metal stress conditions
Plant Epigenomics: Technical Advances and Current Applications
No full textThis chapter deals with the studied chemical modifications of DNA and histone proteins, and non-coding RNAs of plants that constitute the epigenome and contribute to the modulation of gene transcription and genome stability, independently of DNA sequence. The chapter also presents an overview of the current epigenomic profiling methods and data that can be produced and integrated into plant epigenomic maps. Case studies about applications of genome-wide profiling methods to the epigenomic investigations on abiotic stress response in plants are presented in the second part of the chapter
STSM Why do we study plants? held in July 2025 in UNIPD report
No full textThis dataset contains the report from STSM Why do we study plants? held on 3-11 July 2025 in UNIPD for one IFVCNS researcher within CROPINNO project. It highlights the work done, main achievements and planned follow-up activities
Webinar Series Why are Omics important for plant breeding held online in April 2025 UNIPD program
No full textThis dataset contains the program for webinar series Why are Omics important for plant breeding held online on Tuesdays in April 2025 by UNIPD within CROPINNO project