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Uticaj mineralnih i organskih đubriva na rast i prinos različitih sorti spanaća (Spinacia oleracea L.)
No full textSpanać (Spinacia oleracea L.) je jednogodišnje, nutritivno veoma vredno lisnato povrće iz familije Chenopodiaceae. Bogat je vitaminima, naročito vitaminom A, askorbinskom kiselinom, riboflavinom i tiaminom, a sadrži i značajne količine gvožđa i kalcijuma. Prinos i kvalitet spanaća u velikoj meri zavise od primene adekvatnih količina mineralnih i organskih đubriva. Cilj ovog rada bio je da se obavi uporedno ispitivanje uticaja različitih đubriva na rast i prinos različitih hibrida spanaća (Solomon F1, Saga F1 i Rembour F1) u plantažnoj proizvodnji u agroekološkim uslovima Raške
Procena doprinosa iskorišćenju poljoprivredne biomase kao obnovljivog izvora u Srbiji
No full textPoboljšanje energetske efikasnosti i promovisanje upotrebe obnovljivih izvora energije (OIE) su ključni prioriteti energetske politike Republike Srbije, posebno u kontekstu pridruživanja Evropskoj uniji
Allium Sativum Production and Therapeutic Uses
No full textTherapeutic Potential of Medicinal Plants: The Science Behind Natural Remedies, investigates the bioactive compounds and functionality of medicinal plants and herbs which are recommended to help certain health conditions and overall well-being while highlighting cultivation that can be done sustainably to promote biodiversity conservation
The contribution of organic agriculture to preservation and protection of genetic resources
No full textConservation genetics as an interdisciplinary scientific field has become almost compulsory in biodiversity preservation and in providing sustainable and successful farming, particularly in terms of global changes in climate and considerable increase in food demand. In Serbia, with the great potential of agroecology, organic cropping and breeding is a very useful approach to the preservation and protection of genetic resources. Organic agriculture, which disallows the application of any chemicals, including artificial manures and fertilisers, and which promotes natural procedures and processes, contributes to the preservation of plant and animal landraces that are commonly adjusted to specific local agroecological conditions. The present paper focuses on the performed studies related to organic farming, which significantly contributed to the conservation of genetic resources. This was done through the analyses of practices including the preservation of landraces (indigenous varieties), alternate cropping (crop rotation), the application of compost and green manure, and the prevention of the use of GMO technologies. Thanks to the application of these techniques, organic agriculture improves the soil fertility, decreases risk of the depletion of genetic resources, provides better resistance of flora and fauna to changes in climate. In comparison with the conventional production, putting organic farming into practice is confronted with many obstacles including higher investments, lower yields, technical and educational limitations. In order to cope with these problems, agricultural legislation has to be improved, education of farmers should be supported in order to motivate them to transfer from conventional to organic farming
Genetic resources and agrobiodiversity: Foundations of sustainable agriculture in Serbia
No full textIn addition to wild biological species, domesticated species also represent an important component of species diversity, forming agrobiodiversity as an integral part of overall biodiversity. Agrobiodiversity encompasses all microorganisms, plants, and animals essential for maintaining the structure and function of agroecosystems, as well as for ensuring the sustainable production of safe and healthy food. Also, agrobiodiversity, is the central object of studying agroecology. The aim of this paper is to point out, based on the available scientific literature, the importance of agrobiodiversity in preserving ecosystem sustainability and food production. The research presented in this manuscript is theoretical and of an overview nature, based on data analysis of information collected from relevant scientific journals. A review of the literature, including the scientific works of the author of this paper, indicates that a significant part of the total species diversity of Serbia is represented by cultivated plant and animal species that constitute a significant genetic resource. Most varieties are the product of the selection of suitable species and artificial selection. 193 plant species are grown in Serbia, which include cereals, industrial and fodder plants, vegetable plants, fruits, and vines, and constitute a significant genetic diversity. It is estimated that around 25. 000 seed accessions of old varieties and local populations are stored in agricultural institutions in Serbia today. Most of the plant species grown in Serbia have their wild relatives that grow wild in natural ecosystems. Based on the review of conducted scientific research, it can be concluded that the preservation of agrobiodiversity is a key factor that enables the sustainability of the ecosystem, the survival of living organisms on Earth, as well as the production of safe food
Relationship Between Pigment Composition and Oxidative Stability in Camelina (Camelina sativa L.) Oil
No full textCamelina (Camelina sativa L) is a drought-tolerant oilseed crop valued for its short
vegetative period and adaptability to low-quality soil. Its seeds contain 30–50% oil, rich in high polyunsaturated fatty acids (40-60%), and bioactive compounds such as phytosterols, tocopherols, carotenoids, chlorophylls, and phenolic compounds. Although these components contribute to the nutritional and functional quality of the oil, they can also affect its oxidative stability. This study aimed to evaluate the oxidative stability of oil obtained from two camelina genotypes (NS Slatka and NS Zlatka) grown at two locations in Serbia (Pančevo and Rimski šančevi) and to examine its correlation with β-carotene and chlorophyll content. The oxidative
stability of the oil was evaluated using the Schaal Oven test. The peroxide value was determined at the beginning of test and after 4 and 8 days of incubation, while the β-caroten and chlorophyll contents were measured initially and after 4 days. All oil samples showed a progressive increase in peroxide value, ranging from 25.84 to 29.20 meq O₂/kg after 4 days and from 51.71 to 69.06 meq O₂/kg after 8 days, indicating intensive oxidation. Both genotype and growing location significantly influenced oxidative stability (p<0.05). Higher peroxide values were recorded in genotype NS Zlatka (37.10 and 69.06 meq O2/kg) compared to NS
Slatka (29.20 and 54.36 meq O2/kg) as well as in oils from both genotypes grown at the Rimski šančevi site. A decrease in pigment content accompanied the increase in peroxide value. Oils with higher initial β-caroten and chlorophyll levels generally exhibited greater stability, although this relationship was not consistent in all samples. The results highlight the influence of genotype and environmental conditions on the oxidative stability of camelina oil and underline the importance of natural pigments in maintaining oil quality during storage. These findings provide valuable insights for breeding programs aimed at developing camelina varieties with improved oil stability and quality
Cultivation of Alfalfa as Possible Plant for Plant Nutrition and Soil Conditioners
No full textThe primary use of alfalfa is in feeding livestock in a fresh state and the preparation of canned feed. Unfortunately, the reduction of livestock causes the producer to lose interest in its further cultivation. However, the advantages achieved by growing alfalfa make this plant species one of the most important cultivated plant species. The paper examined some parameters of alfalfa biomass that would be used in plant nutrition as an organic fertilizer. The terrain on which the research was conducted was the atar of the Banatsko Novo Selo settlement with a carbonate chernozem type soil on a loess terrace. Research was carried out in the period from 2018 to 2023 with alfalfa plants of different growing ages. During the research, the content of total nitrogen (N) and its easily accessible forms (NH4-N and NO3-N), as well as the C:N ratio, were measured. Plants need nitrogen (N) for rapid growth and development. Plants adopt it in ammonia (NH4) and nitrate (NO3) form. The ratio of carbon to nitrogen, gives information about the decomposition of fresh organic matter in the soil. The overall average values for all analyzed plants, that is, their above-ground masses, had values of total nitrogen (N) in the interval from 2.1 to 3.7%. NH4-N content varied from 105.6 to 392.4 mg/kg, while NO3-N content ranged from 10.7 to 21.6 mg/kg. The C:N ratio had values in the interval from 13:1 to 23:1, which represents a good ratio of carbon to nitrogen (in the range of 25 to 35) for them to remain active and decompose fresh organic matter. The obtained results create a good basis for the use of alfalfa above-ground biomass as organic fertilizer in the form of pellets, briquettes, compost or as green manure with the aim of substituting synthetic nitrogen fertilizers
Diversity of Binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. and Population Structure of AG-A in Serbia
No full textFrom 2013 to 2021, 112 binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. (BNR) isolates were obtained from the strawberry, tomato, pepper, bean, apple, cherry, meadow grass, and soil previously cropped with strawberries from 16 locations in Serbia. Morphological and molecular analyses (ITS, LSU rDNA, RPB2, tef-1α, and atp6) confirmed infections caused by four BNR AGs: AG-G on the cherry (globally new host), bean, and tomato; AG-U on meadow grass (globally new host) and apple, AG-A on the strawberry (the most frequently isolated), and AG-F on pepper. ITS sequence analysis revealed 24 haplotypes within the worldwide population of BNR AG-A, with Serbian isolates belonging to nine. The aggressiveness of AG-A (ten isolates), AG-G (three isolates), AG-F (one isolate), and AG-U (two isolates) was tested on seedlings of 14 hosts from Poaceae, Brassicaceae, Solanaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Apiaceae, and Chenopodiaceae, and on detached leaf petioles of the strawberry, tomato, sunflower, and bean, as well as on two pea cultivars. Sunflower and sugar beet were the most susceptible, with AG-G being the most aggressive and AG-A the least aggressive. AG-A could not infect cabbage, while at least one isolate of each remaining AG infected all tested hosts. The consistency between seedling and petiole tests highlights the latter as a rapid method for evaluating the pathogenicity and aggressiveness of BNR isolates
Influence of mineral nutrients on the number of leaves and root weight of sugar beet
No full textNa oglednim poljima PSS Instituta Tamiš tokom tri godine, izvedena su ispitivanja sa tri sorte šećerne repe. Ispitivan je uticaj različitih količina NPK hraniva na broj listova i težinu korena. Najveća brojnost listova kao i najveća težina korena zabeležena je kod sorte Otis.Sugar beet is an important industrial and food raw material. Sugar beet seed oil reserves play an important role in successful germination and seedling development. Production areas are limited, and in the production of sugar beet, it is important to follow the rules of crop rotation, so achieving this increase is done by various agrotechnical measures, among which the application of nutrients plays an important role. On the experimental fields of PSS Institute Tamiš, tests were carried out on three varieties of sugar beet during three years. The influence of different amounts of NPK nutrients on the number of leaves and the weight of the roots was examined. In these experiments, the highest number of leaves as well as the highest weight of the roots was recorded in the variety Otis. The change in the growing amounts of NPK nutrients affected the number of leaves in the varieties by a small percentage but significantly affected the average weight of the roots, the increase in some cases was almost 50
Biogas production from maize and sorghum in the function of circular economy
No full textU ovoj studiji analizirani su supstrati za proizvodnju i dobijanje biogasa. Prilikom proučavanja mogućnosti proizvodnje biogasa, prvo se razmatraju količine i cene pojedinih supstrata, pa se najčešće biogas dobija iz silaže kukuruza i sirka.Biofuels are gaining popularity due to rising oil prices, the need for a safer source of energy, and concerns about harmful greenhouse gas emissions. All types of biomass that contain carbohydrates, proteins, fats, cellulose and hemicellulose as basic ingredients can be used to produce biogas. In this study, the substrates for the production and obtaining of biogas were analyzed. When studying the possibility of biogas production, the quantities and prices of individual substrates are first considered, so biogas is usually obtained from maize and sorghum silage. The results of research at the company Biogas-energy in Ilandža showed that the production of biogas from maize silage was statistically significantly higher than the production of biogas from sorghum. The quality of biogas, up to the level to which it is purified, affects its price, while the necessary quality is directly related to the technology for its application. The cost for the purchase of the substrate was about 46% of the income generated by the sale of electricity at the feed-in tariff and the plant has a power of 500 kWe. In Europe, maize silage is mostly used in biogas plants due to the highest energy content, but this calls into question the sustainability of the entire production cycle, because it is a crop that is normally used for human or livestock feed (biomass of the first generation)