5782 research outputs found
Sort by
Crop rotation in open-field vegetable production – a neglected fundamental practice
No full textTokom poslednjih pedeset godina smena useva značajno je pojednostavljena, pre svega smanjenjem broja biljnih vrsta u plodoredu i povećanjem površina pod monokulturama. Savremena poljoprivredna gazdinstva sve češće primenjuju pojednostavljene modele korišćenja zemljišta. Ova pojava rezultat je, s jedne strane, ekonomske opravdanosti i tržišnih zahteva, a s druge strane, sve izraženijih promena meteoroloških uslova uslovljenih (verovatnim) globalnim klimatskim promenama. Zbog toga je od izuzetnog značaja racionalno korišćenje zemljišnih resursa, uz primenu pravilnog plodoreda i smene povrtarskih biljaka. Poštovanjem plodoreda i pravilnom smenom useva izbegavaju se brojni problemi koji se u suprotnom teško prevazilaze. Dvokulturni trogodišnji ili dvokulturni četvorogodišnji povrtarski plodored na jednom polju sa redovnim obnavljanjem organske materije zemljišta čini dobru osnovu organizovanosti povrtarske proizvodnje na otvorenom polju,In the last fifty years, crop rotation has been significantly simplified, primarily by reducing the number of plant species in the rotation and increasing the growing area of monocultures. Modern agricultural farms apply simplified soil use models more frequently. This phenomenon is the result of economic justification and market demands, on the one hand, and the increasing changes in meteorological conditions caused by global climate change, on the other. For this reason, rational use of land resources and proper vegetable crop rotation are extremely important practices. Proper crop rotation prevents numerous issues that would otherwise be difficult to overcome. A two-culture three-year or two-culture four-year vegetable crop rotation in one field with regular renewal of soil organic matter forms a good basis for the organization of vegetable production in an open field
Essential oils (EOs) composition and antimicrobial activities of novel Cannabis sativa L (Hemp) selections from Serbia
No full textCannabis sativa L. with high cannabinoid content holds significant importance due to its diverse therapeutic and industrial applications. High cannabinoid varieties, such as those rich in CBD (cannabidiol) and low in THC (Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinolΔ⁹-Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol), are highly sought after for their medicinal properties, including pain relief, anti-inflammatory effects, and potential benefits for mental health conditions like anxiety and depression. The selection and development of new hemp varieties with optimized cannabinoid profiles are crucial for enhancing the efficacy and specificity of cannabis-based treatments. This study evaluated 82 phenotypically different hemp selections resulting from the crossing of two hemp genotypes: the first being cv. Marina (from Serbia, included in the European List of Approved Hemp Varieties) and the second was a cannabinoid-type hemp selection from the United States. The CBD content in the drymaterial ranged from 0.207 % (in selection DZ 17) to 14.74 % (DZ 72), and the THC content ranged from 0.085 % (DZ 17) to 0.45 % (DZ 13). Additionally, 32 selections were chosen for evaluation of the essential oil (EO) content and composition. The major EO constituents were β-caryophyllene, α-humulene (α-caryophyllene), nerolidol, caryophyllenyl alcohol, and caryophyllene oxide. Additionally, CBD and traces of cannabichromene and dronabinol were detected in the EO. We identified 17 distinct chemovars demonstrating a significant variation in chemical profile. The EOs from novel hemp lines exhibited strong antimicrobial activity, particularly against Gram-negative bacteria and foodborne pathogens. DZ68 and DZ64 were the most effective, significantly inhibiting Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Listeria monocytogenes. These findings highlight the potential of these EOs for pharmaceutical and industrial applications, especially in natural antimicrobial formulations, and support the development of promising new hemp varieties
Posebno ratarstvo: Žita, industrijsko i krmno bilje
No full textKnjiga autora Prof dr Vere M. Popović, Prof. dr Jele Ikanović i dr Nikole Rakašćana: Posebno ratarstvo: žita, industrijsko i krmno bilje napisana je na 390 stranica i podeljena na četiri poglavlja. Materijal za knjigu autori su napisali tako da su obrađene najznačajnije teme značajne za razvoj posebnog ratarstva. U prvom poglavlju ove knjige autori su obradili žita u drugom poglavlju zrnene mahunarke, u trećem: biljke za industrijsku preradu a u četvrtom poglavlju krmne biljke. U knjizi su prikazani, predgovor, indeks najvažnijih poljoprivrednih termina na srpskom i engleskom jeziku, literatura, biografija autora i recenzije.Prikaz: Rajičić Vera u Selekcija i semenarstvo, vol. 31, br. 2, str. 90-91, 2025
New Bradyrhizobium strains enhance soybean nodulation in soils of different fertility
No full textThe legume–rhizobia symbiotic N2 fixation is considered the most
efficient and important process in crop production. Besides their potential to
reduce atmospheric nitrogen, rhizobia accomplish various PGP (Plant
Growth Promoting) activities such as phosphate solubilization, siderophore
and phytohormone production, thus improving nutrient availability, soil
structure and fertility, and crop productivity. Utilizing rhizobial inoculants is a
low-cost and highly efficient approach that reduces inputs of synthetic
fertilizers while promoting sustainable agricultural and environmental
stability. To improve inoculation success, it is crucial to continuously
investigate native rhizobia populations as an inexhaustible source of superior
strains with an enhanced adaptability to specific agricultural environments.
This research aims to characterize Bradyrhizobium strains with high plant
growth-promoting properties for potential use as bioinoculants for soybean.
Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains (33) were obtained from the collection
of the Laboratory for Microbiology of the Institute of Field and Vegetable
Crops. These strains were originally isolated from root nodules collected from
different soybean cultivars and locations in Vojvodina province. The
qualitative estimation of Bradyrhizobium strains for phosphate solubilization
and mineralization ability and siderophore production was performed in vitro
on appropriate media. The Salkowski reagent colorimetric method was used
for quantitative determination of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Based on PGP
traits, 10 strains were selected for the inoculation experiment in pots to
examine the effect on soybean root nodulation in soils of high and low fertility.
In a full bloom stage of soybean, the number and dry weight of nodules were
assessed.
This study revealed that all strains synthesize IAA, with concentrations
ranging from 8.97 μg/mL to 41.17 μg/mL. Isolates Bj2, Bj4, Bj6, and Bj8
produced the highest amount of IAA. Among tested strains, 12 showed
phosphate mineralization and only five phosphate solubilization abilities.
However, the solubilization and mineralization activities varied, with the highest diameter of the halo zones formed in strains Bj1, Bj4, Bj7, Bj18, and
Bj24. The appearance of yellow-orange zones indicated siderophore
production in 16 Bradyrhizobium strains, and the best producers were Bj1,
Bj2, Bj6, Bj12, and Bj21. All strains were able to successfully induce
nodulation on soybean roots in both high- and low-fertility soils. However,
inoculation with Bj1, Bj2, Bj4, Bj6, Bj7, and Bj8 achieved the highest score
according to the nodulation scale.
Although this research confirmed promising PGP and symbiotic
potentials of indigenous Bradyrhizobium strains, extensive field studies are
required to evaluate their efficiency for further bioinoculant development
The influence of the variety on the Triticum spelta L. productivity grown by organic conditions in Srem
No full textSpelt wheat - Triticum spelta L. is one of the oldest known types of hexaploid group wheat, with hulled kernels. Spelt is important for biodiversity, successfully adapts to unfavorable climatic conditions and uses favorable elements of the environment. Due to its better adaptation to unfavorable biotic and abiotic conditions than ordinary wheat, large wheat is suitable for cultivation in the ecological agricultural production system. This paper presents the results of the examination of the morphological and productive characteristics of two varieties of Spelt, namely: Nirvana and Ostra during 2023/2024 in the agroecological conditions of Srem, in Pančevo, in the organic system of production. The following characteristics of the spelt were examined: plant height, spike length and weight of 1000 grains. The results showed that the variety Nirvana gave higher values of the examined parameters compared to the variety Ostra. Nirvana variety had higher values for plant height (83.90 cm), spike length (11.98 cm) and 1000 grains mass (42.82 g), compared to Ostra variety (81.10 cm; 11.74 cm and 42.20 g). For the agro-ecological conditions of eastern Srem, the variety Nirvana can be recommended for achieving higher and more stable yields
Uticaj načina proizvodnje na sadržaj proteina u semenu kukuruza i soje
No full textProteini u semenu igraju ključnu ulogu u procesima klijanja i početnog rasta, obezbeđujući esencijalne aminokiseline i energiju neophodnu za razvoj embriona. Cilj ove studije bio je da se ispitaju potencijalne razlike u sadržaju proteina u semenu kukuruza i soje iz organske i konvencionalne proizvodnje, kao i uticaj testa ubrzanog starenja na sadržaj proteina
Enhancing Maize Grain Nutritional Quality Through Combined Application of Zn-enriched compost and rhizobacteria under natural arid conditions
No full textZinc deficiency in cereal grains reduces their nutritional quality and dietary value. This study evaluated the impact of zinc-enriched compost and zinc-solubilizing rhizobacteria (ZSB), applied individually and in combination, on maize growth, yield, and grain composition under both pot and field conditions. Ten treatments were tested, including compost, ZSB, zinc oxide (ZnO), zinc sulfate (ZnSO4), and their combinations. The integrated treatment (T10: compost enriched with 2% ZnO plus ZSB) performed best, significantly improving root length (15%), plant height (18%), root dry biomass (19%), shoot dry biomass (13%), and grain yield (10–15%) compared with the control. Nutrient uptake of N (11%), P (13%), K (10%), Fe (12%), and Zn (10%) also increased under T10. Compost with ZSB (T9) moderately enhanced plant performance, while individual applications of ZnO or ZSB showed limited effects. Field trials confirmed T10 as superior, showing 23% higher shoot biomass, 7% higher 1000-grain weight, and 15% greater microbial populations. Principal Component Analysis and correlation analyses supported the synergistic interaction among ZSB, ZnO, and compost. The integrated use of ZSB and Zn-enriched compost effectively improved maize productivity, grain quality, and soil microbial activity, providing an eco-friendly, low-cost strategy for sustainable agriculture. Broader field validation is recommended for wider adoption
Screening of wheat cultivars for traits related to water use efficiency
No full textThe variability of climate and extreme weather events are likely to have a more profound
effect on plant production, especially in rain-fed crops, like wheat. Climate change poses a
significant threat to Serbia's grain production, impacting soil fertility, crop yields, and the
sustainability of agriculture as a whole. Extreme weather events, changing precipitation
patterns, and rising temperatures all interfere with grain production, resulting in financial losses
and threats to food security. Maize and wheat, the main grain crops in Serbia, are especially
susceptible to drought, soil degradation, and water scarcity.
The grain production in Serbia is crucial for the economy. In the Vojvodina region,
wheat was cultivated on 327,892 hectares in 2024, yielding an average of 5.9 tons per hectare.
Across Serbia, wheat was grown on 549,032 hectares, with an average yield of 5.3 tons per
hectare. Nevertheless, there was a 15.9% decrease in wheat production in 2024, primarily due
to a reduction in the sowing area compared to 2023, underscoring the sensitivity of wheat grain
yields to climate fluctuations. Wheat production encounters threats from autumn droughts and
elevated spring temperatures. The degradation of soil and a decline in organic matter further
compromise the soil's ability to facilitate sustainable grain farming. In view of these challenges,
it is vital to implement immediate adaptation strategies. Additionally, climate change amplifies
the risks associated with mycotoxin contamination, plant diseases, and the heightened use of
pesticides.
At present, considerable efforts are being directed towards the utilization of advanced
techniques and methodologies to anticipate future climate scenarios and assess their
implications for crop growth and yield. In this regard, the collaborative research project
between Serbia and Italy, PHENO-DROP, aims to establish a shared hexaploid wheat
germplasm panel that includes both modern varieties and local landraces. This panel will be the
foundation for implementing complementary high-throughput phenomics, with monitoring
conducted at both the individual plant and plot levels, as well as advanced genomics to identify
climate-resilient phenotypes and their genetic determinants.
To tackle the biological complexities associated with plant climate resilience, the
underlying principle of Pheno-DROP is that a combination of beneficial plant traits could unify
various strategies for plants to adapt to environmental variability, thus providing synergistic
advantages, as suggested by crop simulation modeling. Additionally, to uncover the plant
capabilities for effective climate resilience that result in high yield performance and stability,
the focus is on traits related to the plant's ability to enhance its water use efficiency (WUE),
which facilitates achieving “more crop per (water) drop.” This task is challenging and depends
on a variety of plant traits, such as root architecture, osmotic adjustment capacity, stomatal density and regulation, and vegetation indices. Therefore, the first step involves characterizing
existing bread wheat cultivars and landraces in terms of their drought tolerance.
Preliminary results were obtained regarding the concentration of photosynthetic
pigments in the flag leaves and stomatal densities for 30 bread wheat cultivars from the
collection of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad. There are significant
differences in the concentration of chlorophyll a in the flag leaf and in ratio of stomata number
on the abaxial and adaxial side of leaf blades between cultivars
Nutritional Quality and Agronomic Yield of Cucurbita moschata Hybrid Combinations
No full textThis study investigated the possibilities of improving the nutritional quality and agronomic yield of butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata) fruits through conventional breeding. The second objective was to assess the effects of high-temperature stress on yield- and quality-related parameters. The plant material comprised five parental genotypes and ten corresponding F1 hybrids, obtained through partial diallel crossing. The nutritional quality and agronomic yield parameters were evaluated over two growing seasons characterized by distinct temperature regimes (temperate and high-temperature stress). The hybrids outperformed the parental lines in the fruit number and yield per plant, although they generally did not show similar improvements in nutritional quality. However, the wide ranges of variation in the carotenoid and sugar content observed among the hybrids indicate the potential for improving nutritional quality traits through breeding. High-temperature stress was predominantly associated with the decreased carotenoid content and increased sugar content in the fruits. Although the successful registration of new improved varieties and hybrids requires multi-year experimental data, the presented findings could provide a valuable contribution to butternut squash breeding for simultaneously enhanced agronomic yield and nutritional quality of fruits
Determination of glyphosate residues in the DTD canal in Novi Sad
No full textGlyphosate is a non-selective systemic herbicide used to control a wide range of annual, biennial, and perennial weeds in agriculture, plantations/orchards/forestry, industry, and urban areas. It is commonly used to control weeds both in agricultural and non-agricultural areas. Due to its widespread use, it is often found in groundwater and surface waters. The aim of the research was to examine the presence of glyphosate in irrigation canals in Novi Sad, depending on the seasons. Water samples were collected from the DTD canal in the territory of Novi Sad. The water was sampled using a telescopic sampler. Sample preparation involved acidifying the samples to
convert the glyphosate into a soluble form, followed by neutralizing the sample, derivatizing it using FMOC-Cl, and concentrating it using SPE columns. The analysis of glyphosate residues in real samples was performed using the LC-ESI-MS/MS method, with prior validation of the method through two procedures for their determination (direct procedure and derivatization method), aimed at defining the dynamics of the analyzed compound (glyphosate). According to the obtained results, glyphosate was present in all tested water samples. The concentration range of average glyphosate values in the water samples from the canals varied depending on the season