5782 research outputs found
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Sustainability Plan for Climate Crops Centre
No full textSustainability Plan for Climate Crops Centre (CC) is a deliverable of the CROPINNO project, funded as a HORIZON Coordination and Support Action by the European Commission under its Horizon Europe (HE) Programme. It is produced in the scope of Task 3.3 within Work Package 3: Stepping up excellence and innovation capacity. This document elaborates the plans for further activities within Climate Crops Centre that will enable its sustainability and further development after CROPINNO ends. Sustainability Plan for Climate Crops Centre was drafted by IFVCNS, which is the leader of T3.3, with input from all partners
Alternative NDVI combination in maize grain yield estimation
No full textGiven the importance of maize production and the wide variation in productivity, early yield estimation might be essential. Several technological devices recently became available and have proven useful in analyzing yield and yield-related traits. In this research, an active multispectral proximal sensor, the Plant-O-Meter (POM), was used in the field trial to provide early yield estimates. The maize crop was grown under field trial conditions with four different levels of nitrogen apply. The purpose of this study was to examine at the effects of three different NDVIs: normalized difference vegetation indices (NDVI), Green NDVI (GNDVI), and Blue NDVI (BNDVI) on maize grain yield estimation over the season. Maize canopy reflectance and various NDVI values were assessed from the fourth leaf growth stage (V4) to the end of the blister stage (R2). Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) was used to evaluate the correlations between grain yield and the various NDVIs obtained throughout the season. Maize grain yield showed a significant positive relationship with various NDVIs throughout the early vegetative stages. The most significant correlation was found between the eight and nine leaf growth stages (V8/V9) and the four leaf growth stage of maize (V4). Among various NDVIs, the BNDVI showed the greatest positive and significant correlation with grain yield. The findings of this study suggest that NDVI measurements could be a useful indicator for assisting in early crop yield estimations
Advanced Nanomaterial-Based Electrochemical Biosensing of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Products
No full textThe rapid and sensitive detection of regulatory elements within transgenic constructs of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) is essential for effective monitoring and control of their distribution. In this study, we present several innovative electrochemical biosensing platforms for the detection of regulatory sequences in genetically modified (GM) plants, combining the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method with electrodes functionalized by two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials. The sensor design exploits the high surface area and excellent conductivity of reduced graphene oxide, Ti3C2Tx, and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) to enhance signal transduction. Furthermore, we used a “green synthesis” method for Ti3C2Tx preparation that eliminates the use of hazardous hydrofluoric acid (HF) and hydrochloric acid (HCl), providing a safer and more sustainable approach for nanomaterial production. Within this framework, the performance of various custom-fabricated electrodes, including laser-patterned gold leaf films, physical vapor deposition (PVD)-deposited gold electrodes, and screen-printed gold electrodes, is evaluated and compared with commercial screen-printed gold electrodes. Additionally, gold and carbon electrodes were electrochemically covered by gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and their properties were compared. Several electrochemical methods were used during the DNA detection, and their importance and differences in excitation signal were highlighted. Electrochemical properties, sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility are characterized for each electrode type to assess the influence of fabrication methods and material composition on sensor performance. The developed biosensing systems exhibit high sensitivity, specificity, and rapid response, highlighting their potential as practical tools for on-site GMO screening and regulatory compliance monitoring. This work advances electrochemical nucleic acid detection by integrating environmentally-friendly nanomaterial synthesis with robust biosensing technology
How carpels and perianth affect stamens: evidence from stochastic meristic changes
No full textWhen floral organs are arranged in whorls, merism represents the number of organs per whorl.
Calyx and corolla are usually isomerous (with an equal number of organs), whereas the carpel
merism often differs. Staminal number may be isomerous either with the perianth members or
with the carpels. Isomerous whorls typically alternate, whereas the relative positions of anisomerous whorls may be labile. The stochastic floral variation was examined in 13 species from
eight eudicot families. In Oleaceae (two species), the staminal number seems to be defined by
the gynoecial merism. This suggests bipolar patterning in the floral development of this family,
i.e. carpels define the position of stamens, and petals are guided by sepals. In Cucurbitaceae
(two species), the androecium tends to be isomerous with the perianth, but stamens are
localized, either singly or in pairs, in the sites the number of which correlates better with the
gynoecial merism. In Sapindaceae (four species), the correlations between all organ numbers
are weak, and the androecium is supposedly in two whorls, the inner trimerous and the outer
pentamerous. The positions of both are affected by the gynoecium. In other families (five
species), the correlations among floral numbers were high except for the cases when the
gynoecium was anisomerous with other floral whorls and independent of them. If the androecium
is isomerous with the perianth, not the gynoecium, it suggests the perianth-dependent
patterning of stamens. Various patterns of floral architecture regulation may coexist in the
same taxon, with flexible boundaries of different whorls’ influence
Uticaj insekticidnog tretmana protiv kukuruznog plamenca (Ostrinia nubilalis: Lepidoptera, Crambidae) na učestalost pojave fuzarioze klipa
No full textMaize production is often threatened by numerous phytophagous insect species and diseases, among which the European corn borer (ECB) Ostrinia nubilalis and ear rot caused by Fusarium species stand out. The damage to maize ears caused by the European corn borer larvae can represent access points for Fusarium spores, increasing the probability of infection. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of insecticide treatment against the European corn borer and its subsequent impact on reducing the incidence of ear rot caused by Fusarium species. Additionally, the study sought to assess the prevalence of Fusarium species throughout the four-year experimental period. The study was performed from 2013 to 2016 and included a treatment and a control, with four replications. Each experimental year, a combination of chlorantraniliprole and lambda-cyhalothrin at a recommended dosage was applied as an insecticide treatment, while in the control treatment no insecticides were applied. The obtained results indicated that the insecticide treatment significantly reduced the number of ECB larvae on maize ears in all years of the study, except in 2015. The efficacy of the insecticide treatment in reducing the total number of damaged ears was significant only in 2016, while in other years, the efficacy varied. The insecticide treatment had a significant effect on the disease severity index and significantly reduced ear rot only in 2013. During the four-year study, F. verticillioides was the most commonly identified fungal species on maize, except in 2014, when F. graminearum was dominant. The insecticide treatment had no effect on the species diversity within the Fusarium genus.Proizvodnja kukuruza često je ograničena brojnim fitofagnim vrstama insekata i bolestima, među kojima treba izdvojiti kukuruznog plamenca (Ostrinia nubilalis) i trulež klipa uzrokovana vrstama iz roda Fusarium. Oštećenja klipa kukuruza koja izazivaju larve kukuruznog plamenca mogu predstavljati mesta za ulazak spora vrsta iz roda Fusarium, čime se povećava verovatnoća infekcije. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je procena uticaja insekticidnog tretmana namenjenog suzbijanju kukuruznog plamenca na smanjenje učestalosti fuzarijozne truleži klipa. Istraživanje je sprovedeno od 2013. do 2016. godine i obuhvatalo je tretman i kontrolu, u četiri ponavljanja. Svake eksperimentalne godine primenjivana je kombinacija hlorantraniliprola i lambda-cihalotrina u dozi od 200 ml ha-1 kao tretman insekticidom, dok se u kontroli nisu primenjivali insekticidi. Takođe, izvršena je analiza prisustva vrsta iz roda Fusarium na klipu kukuruza tokom četvorogodišnjeg eksperimentalnog perioda. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da je tretman insekticidom značajno smanjio brojnost gusenica na klipovima kukuruza u svim godinama istraživanja, osim u 2015. Efikasnost tretmana na smanjenje ukupnog broja oštećenih klipova bila je značajna samo u 2016. godini, dok se u drugim godinama efikasnost razlikovala. Tretman insekticidom imao je značajan uticaj na smanjenje učestalosti truleži klipa samo u 2013. godini. Tokom četvorogodišnjih istraživanja, F. verticillioides je ustanovljen kao dominantni patogen na kukuruzu, osim u 2014. godini kada je F. graminearum bio dominantan. Tretman insekticidom nije imao uticaja na raznolikost vrsta unutar roda Fusarium
Sustainable management of the protection of vegetable crops in the organic farming system
No full textOrganic farming as a sustainable system is an important source of innovation that can contribute to overcoming production challenges, rational management and achieving competitiveness. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the multiple importance of sustainable management for the protection of vegetable crops. To meet the challenges of sustainability in the design of the agricultural system and to reduce dependence on synthetic pesticides, the scientific contribution of studies is needed to provide information on the establishment of practices for the production of healthy vegetables without the use of pesticides and to contribute to the conservation of soil resources and the restoration of biodiversity. The research addresses a current problem with the aim of collecting and disseminating practical knowledge on organic methods for the integrated control of weeds, plant diseases and pests in organic vegetable production while avoiding the use of harmful products. Research contributes to organic agriculture as a key system for sustainable management of vegetable production, contributing to crop protection, conservation of natural resources and the development of safe and innovative agrotechnological solutions
Organic food as a pillar of global food security biodiversity and innovation
No full textOrganic agriculture is stands as a key pillar of global food security, biodiversity, and innovation. In responding to climate change and the challenges of providing healthy food, organic production offers sustainable alternatives that safeguard the environment, support biodiversity, and enhance ecosystem resilience. The implementation of eco-friendly practices reduces dependence on chemical pesticides and fertilizers, thereby protecting the health of both consumers and communities. By integrating innovations such as precision agriculture, biotechnology, and digital tools, organic farming becomes more efficient and resilient to extreme climate conditions. These technologies enable the development of more adaptable production models, reduce losses, and increase overall food production
Ns Marko - Linum Ussitatisimum L. Genotype, Economically Profitable Production for Food and Use in Medicine
No full textTherapeutic Potential of Medicinal Plants: The Science Behind Natural Remedies, investigates the bioactive compounds and functionality of medicinal plants and herbs which are recommended to help certain health conditions and overall well-being while highlighting cultivation that can be done sustainably to promote biodiversity conservation
Chemical composition of grain after mineral nitrogen fertilization of maize
No full textMaize is an important forage, food and technical crop. Regarding climate change, the efforts of breeders are aimed at creating hybrids with high adaptive and productive potential. Pesticide Application, Drift Reduction, Corn, Adjuvants, Collaboration. Appropriate agrotechnological practices are also important for successful maize cultivation. In intensive cultivation, a lot of mineral fertilizers are used, which are one of the most effective means to increase productivity. Mineral nitrogen fertilization is a prerequisite for higher maize yields. Poorly balanced fertilization is often the cause of severe yield reductions. The present work aimed to study the effect of two types of mineral nitrogen fertilizer (ammonium nitrate and urea) on the chemical composition of grain of maize, Kneja 561 hybrid. The standard growing technology was applied under dry farming conditions. Doses of 60 and 120 kg/ha of nitrogen (active substance) applied as ammonium nitrate and urea at the 6-8 leaf stage of maize were tested, including unfertilized control. Protein, starch, ash, and dry matter were determined using NIR spectroscopy for analyses. The results showed the chemical composition was more balanced under mineral nitrogen fertilization, with no statistically proven difference for the two mineral nitrogen fertilizers tested
Competitive ability of soybean cultivars against invasive weeds: The role of competitive varieties in integrated weed management strategies
No full textThe spread of invasive weeds poses a a major challenge in agriculture due to their aggressiveness, adaptability, and competitiveness. Integrated weed management strategies, including the use of competitive crop varieties, can mitigate their impact by enhancing crop competitiveness for resources. This study aimed to assess the competitive ability of different soybean cultivars against invasive weeds by analyzing soybean and weed dry biomass, as well as crop canopy coverage. Field trials were conducted from 2020 to 2022 in Novi Sad, using three soybean vareties (NS Apolo, Fortuna, NS Zmaj) and three invasive weed species (Abutilon theophrasti, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, and Xanthium strumarium). The experiment was arranged in a split-split plot design with four replications, employing an additive competition model. After soybean sowing, weeds were sowed on the same time in four densities by hand (0.5, 1, 5, and 10 plants m‘!). Soybean and weed dry biomass, as well as crop canopy coverage in weed-free plots, were measured during the growing season