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Subsoiling and soil type as factors of maize yield under drought conditions
No full textCilj rada bio je da se ispita produžni efekat podrivanja na teškim zemljištima u sušnoj godini i da se uporede prinosi na parcelama sa ranije obavljenim podrivanjem sa prinosima na parceli lakšeg mehaničkog sastava. Istraživanja su obavljena 2022. godine na području Kruševca, na tri parcele u neposrednoj blizini, različitih fizičkih (1 - težeg, 2 - srednjeg i 3 - lakšeg mehaničkog sastava) i hemijskih osobina (pH KCl: 1 - 3,90; 2 - 3,95; 3 - 6,97). Prema podacima RHMZ-a, proleće 2022. bilo je osmo najsušnije u Srbiji od 1951. godine, a u Kruševcu četvrto najsušnije od 1925. do 2022. godine. Podrivanje na parcelama 1 i 2 obavljeno je 2018. godine na dubini od 50 cm, dok na parceli 3 nije primenjeno, jer se radi o aluvijalnom zemljištu lakog mehaničkog sastava. Na svim parcelama primenjene su iste agrotehničke mere.The aim of this study was to examine the long-term effect of subsoiling on heavy soils under drought conditions and to compare yields from plots where subsoiling had been performed earlier with yields from a plot of lighter soil texture. The research was conducted in 2022 in the Kruševac area, three adjacent plots differing in physical (1 - heavy, 2 - medium and 3 - light texture) and chemical properties (pH KCl: 1 - 3.90; 2 - 3.95; 3 - 6.97). According to the Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia, spring 2022 was the eighth driest in Serbia since 1951, and the fourth driest in Kruševac since 1925. Subsoiling was carried out in 2018 at a depth of 50 cm on plots 1 and 2, while no subsoiling was performed on plot 3 (alluvial soil - Fluvisol, light texture). The same agrotechnical measures were applied across all plots
Analysis of mikroelement (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn) content in ash of briquettes from different biomasses
No full textMineralna supstanca biomase predstavlja količine metala prisutne u obliku neorganskih i organskih soli, kompleksnih jedinjenja ili jona tokom vegetacionog perioda. Određivanje sadržaja pepela, odnosno mineralne supstance dobijene sagorevanjem biomase, ključni je parametar za procenu kvaliteta i klase biogoriva. Poznavanje kvalitativnog i kvantitativnog sastava minerala značajno je zbog uticaja oksida u pepelu na njegove fizičke karakteristike i temperature topljenja. U ovom radu sprovedena je kvalitativna analiza mikroelemenata (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn) u pepelu dobijenom sagorevanjem briketa pripremljenih od duvanskih i sojinih stabljika, pšenične slame, ostataka glavica suncokreta, oklasaka kukuruza i piljevine drveta bukve, prema standardu EN 14961-2.The mineral substance of biomass represents the amounts of metals present in the form of inorganic and organic salts, complex compounds, or ions during the vegetation period. Determination of ash content, i.e., the mineral substance obtained by biomass combustion, is a key parameter for assessing the quality and class of biofuel. Knowledge of the qualitative and quantitative composition of minerals is important due to the influence of oxides in ash on its physical properties and melting temperatures. In this study, a qualitative analysis of microelements (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn) was conducted in ash obtained from the combustion of briquettes prepared from tobacco and soybean stems, wheat straw, sunflower head residues, maize cobs, and beech wood sawdust was carried out, according to the EN 14961-2 standard
Variability of phenotypic traits, yield, and seed quality of sunflower inbred lines
No full textSuncokret (Helianthus annuus L.) je jednogodišnja uljana biljka sa izuzetnom adaptabilnošću na različite klimatske uslove, zahvaljujući dubokom korenovom sistemu i značajnoj genetičkoj varijabilnosti. Pravilan izbor genotipa i optimalni rokovi setve su od ključne važnosti za postizanje visokih prinosa i kvaliteta semena, jer omogućavaju bolje iskorišćavanje genetskog potencijala i prilagođavanje klimatskim promenama. Seme, kao osnova poljoprivredne proizvodnje, zahteva visoke standarde kvaliteta, koji zavise od genetičkih osobina, agrotehničkih mera i uslova proizvodnje, što čini semenarstvo jednim od najvažnijih segmenata u lancu proizvodnje suncokreta. Cilj ovog istraživanja je da se ispita varijabilnost agronomskih osobina i kvaliteta semena različitih genotipova suncokreta, kao i njihova međuzavisnost sa dužinom vegetacije u različitim fenofazama. Poseban akcenat je stavljen na uticaj različitih rokova setve i agroekoloških uslova na prinos i kvalitet semena, uz analizu njihove interakcije tokom višegodišnjih ogleda. Istraživanje ima za cilj definisanje optimalnih rokova setve koji omogućavaju maksimalno iskorišćavanje genetskog potencijala suncokreta i prilagođavanje proizvodnje klimatskim promenama. Materijal korišćen u istraživanju uključuje genotipove suncokreta stvorene u Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu, odabrane tako da obuhvate maksimalnu genetičku raznolikost i reprezentativni uzorak materijala zastupljenog u srpskom oplemenjivanju, semenarstvu, ali i u Rusiji, Ukrajini, Nemačkoj, Rumuniji, itd. Analizirani materijal uključuje tri inbred linije (A × B) za osnovnu kategoriju semena i tri hibridne kombinacije (A × Rf) za proizvodnju sertifikovanog semena prve generacije. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da je izbor optimalnog roka setve jedan od najznačajnijih faktora za stabilnost prinosa, kvalitet semena i masu 1000 semena. Pomeranje setve u kasnije rokove, poput početka maja, može smanjiti stres u kritičnim fazama razvoja i poboljšati prinos i kvalitet semena, ali ne nužno i masu 1000 semena. Utvrđeno je da genotipovi različito reaguju na agroekološke uslove, što zahteva precizno usklađivanje agrotehničkih mera i izbora genotipa za postizanje stabilnih prinosa. Budući pravci oplemenjivanja suncokreta treba da budu usmereni ka stvaranju genotipova sa kraćim periodom cvetanja i produženim periodom nalivanja semena. Ova strategija bi omogućila bolju adaptaciju na klimatske promene i stabilnu proizvodnju semena visokog kvaliteta.Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an annual oilseed crop with exceptional adaptability to various climatic conditions, thanks to its deep root system and significant genetic variability. Proper genotype selection and optimal sowing dates are crucial for achieving high yields and seed quality, as they allow better utilization of genetic potential and adaptation to climate changes. Seeds, as the foundation of agricultural production, require high quality standards, which depend on genetic traits, agronomic practices, and production conditions, making seed production one of the most important segments in the sunflower production chain. The aim of this study is to examine the variability of agronomic traits and seed quality of different sunflower genotypes, as well as their interdependence with vegetation length in different phenological stages. Special emphasis is placed on the impact of different sowing dates and agroecological conditions on yield and seed quality, along with the analysis of their interaction through multi-year trials. The goal of this research is to define optimal sowing dates that enable maximum utilization of the genetic potential of sunflowers and adaptation of production to climate changes. The material used in this study includes sunflower genotypes developed at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad, selected to cover maximum genetic diversity and provide a representative sample of material present in Serbian breeding and seed production, as well as in Russia, Ukraine, Germany, Romania, etc. The analyzed material includes three inbred lines (A × B) for basic seed production and three hybrid combinations (A × Rf) for the production of certified seed of the first generation. The research results indicate that choosing the optimal sowing date is one of the most significant factors for yield stability, seed quality, and thousand-seed weight. Delaying sowing to early May can reduce stress during critical development stages and improve seed yield and quality, but not necessarily the thousand-seed weight. It has been established that genotypes respond differently to agroecological conditions, which requires precise alignment of agronomic practices and genotype selection to achieve stable yields. Future sunflower breeding efforts should focus on developing genotypes with shorter flowering periods and extended seed filling periods. This strategy would enable better adaptation to climate changes and ensure stable high-quality seed production.Doktorska disertacija je odbranjena 9. decembra 2025. godine na Poljoprivrednom fakultetu Univerziteta u Novom Sadu
Tehnološki postupak uvođenja lanika (Camelina sativa L. Crantz) u organsku ratarsku proizvodnju
No full textTehničko rešenje je verifikovano kao M82 na 41. sednici MNO za BiP održanoj 18.07.2025. godine
Valorization of Sunflower Cultivated in Serbia: Enhancing Agrofood Waste Management and Promoting Circular Bioeconomy
No full textIn the context of increasing global awareness regarding sustainability and waste
management, research on the valorization of agrofood waste and circular
bioeconomy has gained significant importance. This study specifically focuses on
the protein content in sunflower cake obtained through cold pressing, a by-product
of sunflower oil production. The analysis encompassed 20 different samples of
sunflower seeds from the collection of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops,
cultivated at Rimski Šančevi, Serbia. The by-products generated during sunflower oil
production, such as sunflower cake, fall under the category of agrofood waste. The
results indicated that the protein content ranged from 20.09% to 30.58% (3.21-4.89%
N). These findings highlight the significant potential of sunflower cake as a nutritious
product that can be utilized in various industries, including food and animal feed.
Sunflower cake can be valorized and utilized in various applications, contributing to
waste reduction and promoting sustainable practices within the agroindustry. The
valorization of sunflower cake contributes to waste reduction in the agroindustry
and promotes sustainable practices through a circular economy. By utilizing by products such as sunflower cake, it is possible to create added value and reduce
the environmental footprint of production. This approach not only enhances the
economic sustainability of the sector but also contributes to the development of
innovative solutions for managing agrofood waste
Impact of Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Extracts on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth: Evaluating Allelopathic Activity Across Various Extraction Methods
No full textThe noticeable reduction in plant species abundance near industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) highlights the need to investigate its potential allelopathic effects on selected cultivars’ seed germination and seedling growth. Industrial hemp of the “Helena” variety was used to obtain aqueous extracts by conventional (macerate, hydrolate, and post-distillation residue) and green methods (ultrasonic and microwave extracts) in order to treat thirteen most commonly cultivated plant species, including lettuce, kohlrabi, onion, tomato, carrot, pepper, savoy cabbage, rocket, alfalfa, white mustard, pea, sunflower, and parsley. This is the first time that the allelopathic effects of seven different hemp extracts were tested simultaneously on thirteen different species. The extracts were applied at 10, 25, 50, and 100% concentrations. The seed germination percentage and root/shoot length results for all tested plants, except peas, clearly demonstrated an inhibitory effect of higher concentrations of hemp extracts. This effect was observed regardless of variations in chemical composition (CBD, THC, and total polyphenols), suggesting that different extracts have varying impacts on different species. The weakest inhibitory effect on the germination and seedling length for the majority of the tested plant species was noted for PDR, while the strongest inhibitory effect in terms of seedling length was observed in the case of MAE700
Row spacing and nitrogen fertilization effect on red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) seed yield
No full textRed fescue (Festuca rubra L.) is a grass that can grow in low-nutrient soils and can withstand extreme abiotic stresses like winter cold and summer drought. It is used in seed mixtures for lawns and pastures. Red fescue production is affected various factors: genotype, climate, and edaphic conditions. The purpose of this study was to measure red fescue seed yield of output in three successive years (2018-2020) under various sowing intervals and nitrogen fertilizer treatments, as well as to investigate the link between seed yield, N fertilization, and seeding rates. Weather conditions are crucial to the seed yield of red fescue. The average seed yield of red fescue per panicle was the highest in 2018, with a row spacing of 25 cm and the C2-b fertilization treatment. Grasses are productive due to their rapid growth response to high nitrogen (N) fertility rates. The results show that the effects of year, sowing spacing, fertilization method, and their interactions on seed yield per hectare were found to be highly significant. A consistent and highly significant correlation was observed between seed yield per panicle and seed yield per hectare across all years. A highly significant negative correlation was established between the weight of one thousand seeds and the number of seeds per gram
Iron oxide nanoparticles enhance alkaline stress resilience in bell pepper by modulating photosynthetic capacity, membrane integrity, carbohydrate metabolism, and cellular antioxidant defense
No full textBell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is a commercially important and nutritionally rich vegetable crop in the Solanaceae family. Alkaline stress (AS) can disrupt growth, metabolism, and, particularly, nutritional quality. This study aims to evaluate the role of iron oxide nanoparticles (FeNP) in mitigating AS and enhancing plant growth and metabolic functions by conducting experiments under controlled greenhouse conditions with four main treatments: AS (irrigating plants with alkaline salts mixture solution); FeNP (foliar application of Fe3O4 nanoparticles at 100 mg L−¹); AS + FeNP (integrated treatment of AS and FeNP); and CK (control). The results clearly demonstrated that the AS treatment negatively affects plant biomass, photosynthetic attributes, membrane integrity, carbohydrate metabolism, and the balance of the antioxidant system. Additionally, key phenolic and flavonoid compounds decreased under the AS, indicating a detrimental effect on the plant’s secondary metabolites. In contrast, the application of FeNP under the AS not only improved growth and photosynthetic attributes but also enhanced membrane integrity and restored antioxidant balance. This restoration was driven by the accumulation of sugars (glucose, fructose, sucrose) and starch, along with key carbohydrate metabolism enzymes—sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (SuSy), neutral invertase (NI), and vacuolar invertase (VI)—and their associated gene expression. The correlation analysis further revealed a tight regulation of carbohydrate metabolism at both enzymatic and transcript levels in all tissue types, except for SPS in the roots. Furthermore, the AS + FeNP treatment resulted in increased levels of key phenolics (dihydrocapsaicin, capsaicin, p-coumaric acid, sinapic acid, p-OH benzoic acid, p-OH benzaldehyde, and ferulic acid) and flavonoid compounds (dihydroquercetin, naringenin, kaempferol, dihydrokaempferol, and quercetin) compared to the AS treatment, thus suggesting that these secondary metabolites likely contribute to the stabilization of cellular structures and membranes, ultimately supporting improved physiological functions and resilience under stress. In conclusion, the application of FeNP demonstrate potential in enhancing the resilience of bell pepper plants against the AS by improving growth, carbohydrate metabolism, and the levels of secondary metabolites
Influence of different combination of nutrient on the leaves number and area and sugar beet roots mass
No full textSugar beet is a plant that has been a part of our daily diet for centuries because it has been cultivated as a garden plant for 3000 years. It is mostly grown in the temperate climates of Europe and Asia. Sugar beet is a plant from which sugar - sucrose - is obtained from its roots. All parts of sugar beet are useful: root, head and leaves. Considering that the main reason for cultivation is the root, the leaves remain unused in further processing and are used mainly for animal feed. What should be emphasized is that these leaves have the potential to be used further in the food and chemical industries because they contain a large amount of protein and polyphenols. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the study of factors that would contribute to the growth of not only the roots but also the leaves of sugar beet. This paper dealt with the influence of different amounts of NPK on the number and surface area of leaves and the weight of roots in two sugar beet varieties - Original and Ventura. The experiment was carried out on the fields of “Tamiš” Institute, Pančevo, it lasted two years and the impact of 9 combinations of NPK was tested and the tenth was the control
Biological Solutions for Higher Maize Yield and Reduced Stalk Damage Caused by the European Corn Borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner)
No full textMaize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important agricultural crops in the world; however, its production is often threatened by several harmful insects, one of which is the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner). This study aimed to examine the efficacy of several biological control methods against this pest. A randomized block design was used in the study, which included three treatments: parasitic wasps (Trichogramma brassicae), common green lacewings (Chrysoperla carnea), a combination of both agents and a control. The results showed that the treatment with T. brassicae wasps, as well as their combination with C. carnea predators, significantly improved the maize grain yield over the control treatment. The same combined treatment significantly improved the yield over treatments with only Trichogramma and only C. carnea predators, suggesting a higher efficacy of the combination of both agents in improving grain yield. Fewer tunnels and larvae in stalks, compared to other treatments, including the control, were also observed in this treatment. The reduced number of tunnels and larvae in stalks directly enabled plants to allocate more resources into grain development, which contributed to improved grain yield. In light of the growing focus on minimizing insecticide applications to mitigate environmental impacts, a combination of parasitic wasp and lacewings predator could be a suitable biological alternative to the use of chemical insecticides