SICOT-J - Société Internationale de Chirurgie Orthopédique et de Traumatologie
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Nail-patella-syndrome in a young patient followed up over 10 years: relevance of the sagittal trochlear septum for patellofemoral pathology
No full textIntroduction: Nail-patella-syndrome (NPS) is a rare autosomal-dominant inherited disease with pathologies of nails, skeleton, kidneys, and eyes. Linkage to a mutated gene was found. It codes for the transcription-factor LMX1B. In most cases knees are symptomatic. Patients have hypoplastic patellae, which are laterally subluxated. In those individuals a sagittal trochlear fibrous septum was found, dividing the anterior knee-joint-space. In the literature the etiology and clinical significance of this anatomic abnormality is unclear. Based on clinical and intraoperative findings we developed a theory regarding knee pathology in nail-patella-syndrome. Successful treatment via early resection of the septum with sustained good outcome is presented.
Methods: In a symptomatic six-year-old boy with nail-patella-syndrome we resected the fibrous sagittal septum adherent to the trochlea femoris and we balanced the patella via lateral release and medial plication in both knee joints. We analyzed the clinical outcome of this procedure prospectively over 10 years.
Results: Postoperatively the hypoplastic patellae stayed centered and stable during further skeletal development. The patient was still pain free with normal range of motion of both operated knee joints after 10 years of follow-up.
Discussion: In patients with nail-patella-syndrome and a subluxated or dislocated patella we recommend diagnostics with magnetic-resonance-imaging and early surgical treatment via resection of the trochlear septum and soft-tissue-balancing of the patella. When the septum displaces the patella and prevents physiological articulation of the patella with the trochlea femoris, early septum resection is likely to be important for a good functional outcome and proper development of the patellofemoral joint during growth
An epidemiological survey of tumour or tumour like conditions in the scapula and periscapular region
No full textIntroduction: The scapula is not an uncommon site for bone and soft tissue tumours and can be difficult to delineate on examination. Furthermore, these lesions can be potentially challenging to biopsy due to its close anatomical relationship with important structures. We present an epidemiological survey of all the scapular and periscapular lesions presenting to our institution.
Methodology: This was a retrospective study with data obtained from a prospectively held electronic database over a 30-year period. Demographic and clinical data was obtained and various subgroup analyses were performed.
Results: A total of 418 scapular lesions were included in the study where 132 lesions were found to be of soft tissue origin and 286 were osseous. Fifty-eight percent (n = 241) of all these lesions were malignant, of which 47% (n = 113) were primary sarcomas. The commonest malignant lesions were bone sarcomas (n = 96) followed by metastases (n = 88). The commonest primary bone sarcoma was chondrosarcoma (45%), whereas the commonest soft tissue sarcoma was high grade undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (18%). The most common benign osseous and soft tissue lesions were osteochondroma (70%) and lipoma (26%), respectively. We noted that the incidence of malignancy increased with increasing age, however, the incidence of primary bone sarcomas was fairly consistent across different age groups.
Conclusion: Based on our findings we recommend that suspicious lesions arising from the scapula should be dealt with in a specialist sarcoma unit with involvement of a multidisciplinary team to offer appropriate management and advice for optimum outcome
Use of closed suction drain after primary total knee arthroplasty – an overrated practice
No full textPurpose: The age-old practice of closed suction drain following orthopedic procedures has been challenged since past few decades. Our aim was to assess the effectiveness of closed suction drain after total knee arthroplasty.
Materials and methods: One hundred twenty patients (135 knees) with primary Total Knee Arthroplasty were divided into a study group (no drain) and a control group (drain used). Inclusion criteria were grade 3 and grade 4 osteoarthritis of the knee. Revision cases and rheumatoid arthritis were excluded. Parameters assessed were pain, pre and post-op Hb, dressing change, early infection, ecchymosis and duration of stay. Results were calculated using Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index and Oxford Knee scoring systems at two weeks, six months and one year.
Results: Mean age was 72.03 ± 6.68 in study group and 71.38 ± 7.02 in control group. Pre and post op Hb was 12.1678 ± 1.3220 (study group), 12.1803 ± 1.2717 (control group) and 9.8373 ± 1.5703 (study group), 9.7918 ± 1.4163 (control group). There was one case of early infection in both groups which was controlled by oral antibiotics. Change of dressing and ecchymosis were more in the study group. Duration of hospital stay was more in the control group p < 0.0006 (statistically significant).
Conclusion: There is no added advantage of closed suction drain over no drain usage and this practice can safely be brought to a halt
Comparison of accuracy of anterior and superomedial approaches to shoulder injection: an experimental study
No full textIntroduction: We aimed to compare the accuracy between the standard anterior technique of shoulder injection and the new superomedial technique modified from Neviaser arthroscopic portal placement. Intra-articular placement, especially at the long head of biceps (LHB) tendon, and needle depth were evaluated.
Methods: Fifty-eight patients (ages 57 ± 10 years) requiring shoulder arthroscopy in the beach-chair position were recruited. Needle punctures for both techniques were performed by an experienced sports medicine orthopedist. Patients were anesthetized, and the shoulder placed in the neutral position. A single needle was passed through the skin, with only one redirection allowed per trial. The superomedial technique was performed, then the anterior technique. Posterior-portal arthroscopy determined whether needle placement was inside the joint. The percentage of intra-articular needle placements for each technique defined accuracy. When inside the joint, the needle’s precise location was determined and its depth measured. A marginal χ2 test compared results between techniques.
Results: The superomedial technique was significantly more accurate than the anterior technique (84% vs. 55%, p < 0.05). For superomedial versus anterior attempts, the LHB tendon was penetrated in 4% vs. 28% of patients, respectively, and the superior labrum in 35% vs. 0% of patients, respectively; the needle depth was 42 ± 7 vs. 32 ± 7 mm, respectively (all p < 0.05).
Conclusions: The superomedial technique was more accurate, penetrating the LHB tendon less frequently than the standard anterior technique. A small-diameter needle was needed to minimize superior labral injury. The superomedial technique required a longer needle to access the shoulder joint
Dental pulp-derived stromal cells exhibit a higher osteogenic potency than bone marrow-derived stromal cells in vitro and in a porcine critical-size bone defect model
No full textIntroduction: The osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) was compared with that of dental pulp-derived stromal cells (DPSCs) in vitro and in a pig calvaria critical-size bone defect model.
Methods: BMSCs and DPSCs were extracted from the tibia bone marrow and the molar teeth of each pig, respectively. BMSCs and DPSCs were cultured in monolayer and on a three-dimensional (3D) polycaprolactone (PCL) – hyaluronic acid – tricalcium phosphate (HT-PCL) scaffold. Population doubling (PD), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and calcium deposition were measured in monolayer. In the 3D culture ALP activity, DNA content, and calcium deposition were evaluated. Six non-penetrating critical-size defects were made in each calvarium of 14 pigs. Three paired sub-studies were conducted: (1) empty defects vs. HT-PCL scaffolds; (2) PCL scaffolds vs. HT-PCL scaffolds; and (3) autologous BMSCs on HT-PCL scaffolds vs. autologous DPSCs on HT-PCL scaffolds. The observation time was five weeks. Bone volume fractions (BV/TV) were assessed with micro-computed tomography (μCT) and histomorphometry.
Results and discussion: The results from the in vitro study revealed a higher ALP activity and calcium deposition of the DPSC cultures compared with BMSC cultures. Significantly more bone was present in the HT-PCL group than in both the pure PCL scaffold group and the empty defect group in vivo. DPSCs generated more bone than BMSCs when seeded on HT-PCL. In conclusion, DPSCs exhibited a higher osteogenic potential compared with BMSCs both in vitro and in vivo, making it a potential cell source for future bone tissue engineering
Paraneoplastic vasculitis associated to pelvic chondrosarcoma: a case report
No full textVasculopathic syndromes have been associated with hematological and solid organ malignancies. The pathogenesis of these syndromes remains largely unknown and there are no biologic markers identified. Whether it is or is not a paraneoplastic syndrome is under discussion, the close temporal relationship of cancer and vasculitis suggests that these vasculitides are a paraneoplastic condition. We report a case of a 45-year-old female patient with pelvic chondrosarcoma who underwent surgical treatment and started to present visual loss, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SRIS), cardiac insufficiency, hepatosplenomegaly, cholestasis as well as pulmonary bleeding suggesting a sarcoma-associated vasculitis. All antibodies were negative as in secondary vasculitis. After corticoideal therapy the vasculitis resolved and at 3-year follow-up the patient had not showed any further medical complications or recurrences of the vasculitis. The parallel evolution of the vasculitis and the solid tumor combined with the resolution of the vasculitis after corticotherapy enhances the likelihood of a paraneoplastic vasculitis associated with a chondrosarcoma according to literature review
Femoral shaft fracture osteosynthesis in a critically ill patient under Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO)
No full textIntroduction: Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) is an invasive procedure used in critically ill patients with catastrophic pulmonary failure or cardiogenic shock in which conventional management has failed. These patients are managed with permanent anticoagulation, with increased bleeding risk. Hemorrhage is the main reported complication.
Case: A 25-year-old polytraumatized woman, both lower limbs amputated and a left femoral shaft fracture with catastrophic pulmonary failure (Murray score 4) that required intensive management care with ECMO. During her evolution definitive femoral shaft osteosynthesis with a nail as required and the medical team decided to operate on the patient under ECMO. She recovered with fluctuations in her hematocrit, but was hemodynamically stable. The patient recovered satisfactorily, was weaned from ECMO and commenced her rehabilitation program. At 16 months, she was almost autovalent, and full consolidation was achieved, with no complication of the implants.
Discussion: ECMO is a life-saving support, but requires permanent anticoagulation, which implies a high risk of hemorrhages, specially for surgical treatment. This patient underwent an osteosynthesis surgery satisfactorily. Hematoma was the only complication of her intramedullary femoral nail, without compromising hemodynamics. This case shows that patients on ECMO can undergo a major orthopedic surgery in selected cases
SLAP repair with arthroscopic decompression of spinoglenoid cyst
No full textIntroduction: A spinoglenoid cyst with suprascapular nerve disorders is highly associated with superior labrum anterior posterior (SLAP) lesion. Conservative or surgical treatment is applied to relieve pain and neurological symptoms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes of patients treated by arthroscopic surgery for SLAP lesion with a spinoglenoid cyst.
Methods: The subjects of this study were six patients with SLAP lesion with a spinoglenoid cyst who underwent arthroscopic surgery. There was one female and five males with a mean age of 48.5 years. SLAP lesion was found in all the patients at arthroscopy. A small tear of the rotator cuff was found in the two patients. The SLAP lesion was repaired using suture anchors, and the rotator cuff tears were repaired by suture-bridge fixation. The spinoglenoid cyst was decompressed through the torn labrum in three patients, and through the released superior to posterior portion of the capsule in the other three patients.
Results: All patients showed excellent improvement in pain and muscle strength at the final follow-up examination. The mean Constant score was improved from 60.5 points preoperatively to 97.2 points postoperatively. The mean visual analog scale (VAS) score decreased from 4.5 on the day of the surgery to 2.5 within one week postoperatively. Postoperative MRI showed disappearance or reduction of the spinoglenoid cyst in four and two patients, respectively. There were no complications from the surgical intervention and in the postoperative period.
Discussion: The patients treated by decompression through the released capsule obtained pain relief at an early period after the surgery. Arthroscopic treatment for a spinoglenoid cyst can provide a satisfactory clinical outcome. Arthroscopic decompression of a spinoglenoid cyst through the released capsule is recommended for a safe and reliable procedure for patients with suprascapular nerve disorders
Unstable elbow dislocations: a case report of a new surgical technique
No full textThis case report describes our first clinical experience of a previously described new surgical technique for the treatment of unstable simple elbow dislocations. The technique utilises a central strip of the distal triceps tendon which is harvested proximally at the musculotendonous junction and left attached at its insertion on the olecranon. The strip is the passed through the olecranon fossa and attached to the coronoid process to stabilise the joint. We encountered an early postoperative complication that led to a modification of our technique and ultimately an excellent recovery of a stable pain free joint with a full range of movement
Mother’s fibula in son’s forearm: use of maternal bone grafting for aneurysmal bone cyst not amenable to curettage – a case report with review of literature
No full textIt has always been a challenge to reconstruct large bone gaps. The aim of this case report is to highlight the success of homologous maternal bone grafting in a large cystic lesion. A six and half years old boy presented to us with an aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) of the right radius, not amenable to curettage. We excised the lesion in toto, which created an 11 cm bone loss. Considering the age of the patient, we reconstructed the bone gap with maternal fibular graft. Accordingly, 12 cm of fibular graft was harvested and fashioned to fit into the bone gap. It was fixed with an intramedullary K-wire. No cancellous graft was used in the procedure. The limb was kept in the above elbow cast till incorporation of the fibula was noted on the radiographs. Six months following surgery the skiagram showed that the fibula was incorporated. Mobilization of the elbow and wrist was started along with strengthening of the forearm muscles. K-wire was removed at nine months. At the latest follow up of 24 months, the fibula is fully incorporated, the child regained full range of motion and strength of elbow. We discuss the techniques adopted in this particular case along with the review of literature