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Influence of static magnetic field (SMF) of 100 mT on hen egg fatty acids profile
No full textOver the past 2 decades, significant evidence has been collected about the interaction of static magnetic fields (SMF) with living organisms as well as with the cell and tissue samples. Different effects have been observed based on the cell or tissue type, magnetic field strength, and exposure duration. The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of the static magnetic field on the fatty acid (FA) profile of hen eggs. The eggs were treated for 1 h with the highly homogeneous SMF of 100 mT oriented vertically upwards and downwards. The hens were on standard diet. Fresh eggs were collected from the hen farm (Panovo, Serbia) and divided into three groups: the control group, “up” group exposed to the vertically upward oriented SMF, and “down” group exposed to the vertically downward oriented SMF. The following day, the eggs were exposed to the SMF of 100 mT for 1 h. The highly homogeneous static magnetic field used for egg exposure was produced with a custom-made electromagnet whose operating parameters were set to produce 100 mT in the centre of the 6.6 cm gap between the magnet poles. After exposure, the egg samples were collected, and lipids were extracted following the standard procedure and the profiles of fatty acids were determined by the gas–liquid (GC) chromatography. The fatty acid methyl esters were separated by a gas chromatograph equipped with flame ionization detector and the column that was 60 m long with an internal diameter of 0.25 mm, and 0.2 μm film thickness. Samples were injected in a split mode using the split ratio of 1:4, and helium as a gas carrier. The injector and detector temperature were set at 220 and 250 °C, respectively. Fatty acids were identified by comparing retention times with those corresponding to the standard mixture and the content of the individual fatty acid in the investigated tissues was expressed as a percentage of the total lipid pool within a sample. Our results show that SMF has changed the percentage of FA in hen eggs. In the “up” group, the percentage of palmitoleic acid (PA) was increased when compared to the control group with the statistical significance of p < 0.05, whereas the linoleic acid content was decreased in comparison to the control, as was the case with the linolenic acid. In the “down” group, the SMF treatment caused a decrease of the palmitoleic, linolenic, and linoleic acids. The percentage of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was significantly higher in the “up” group than in the control group. Comparison of the linolenic acid values in the two treated groups showed its larger presence in the “up” group than in the “down” group. Our results showed that SMF of 100 mT affects the fatty acid profile of hen eggs and that the influence depends on the direction of SMF. Comparison between the exposed and control groups shows that the SMF oriented upwards changed the fatty acid composition and caused statistically significant increase of overall omega 3 fatty acids and DHA
Nutrigenetics and Omega-3 and Gamma-Linolenic Acid Intake and Status in Patients with Cancer: A PRISMA Scoping Review of Research Trends and Challenges
No full textEpidemiological studies report inconsistent findings regarding the association between dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake and cancer risk. Genetic variations—particularly single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the FADS1 and FADS2 genes—affect PUFA metabolism, linking circulating PUFA levels to the risk of several cancers, including breast, colorectal, prostate, and pancreatic cancers. This review aimed to investigate the relationship between FADS1 and FADS2 gene variants and dietary intake, supplementation, or intervention with omega-3 fatty acids, gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), or their combination in cancer patients. A secondary objective was to examine genetically determined fatty acid profiles—shaped by FADS1 and FADS2 polymorphisms—in cancer patients without intervention and their potential association with PUFA-related cancer risk. A systematic search of the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases (up to 2024) identified 11 eligible studies out of 298 initial records. Analysis of the available literature suggests that specific FADS genotypes influence long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) concentrations in blood and tissues and that altered LC-PUFA levels may contribute to cancer development. The most consistent association identified is between the rs174537 variant and altered PUFA metabolism in prostate and breast cancer. However, conclusive evidence is lacking on the impact of dietary patterns on FADS desaturase activity or expression. Only one study has examined omega-3 supplementation in relation to FADS gene variants in prostate cancer patients, while the effects of GLA supplementation remain unexplored. Given the relative novelty of this research area and the limited number of studies, future investigations should integrate dietary PUFA intake, genetic variation in PUFA-metabolizing enzymes, and potential gene–nutrient interactions involving FADS gene polymorphisms and PUFAs to clarify their role in cancer risk
Isolation and cultivation of Borrelia lusitaniae from the blood of a patient with multiple erythema migrans
No full textIntroduction: The region of Serbia is characterised by a high prevalence and diversity of Borrelia species, with Borrelia lusitaniae dominating, followed by Borrelia afzelii. Before this report, there were no data on Borrelia species causing Lyme borreliosis (LB) in Serbia.Case presentation: We report the case of a 10-year-old boy with a clinical presentation of disseminated erythema migrans (EM). His results showed IgM antibodies at 6.27 (negative ˂ 0.20; positive ˃ 0.32) against Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, which was confirmed via ELFA. Except for skin lesions, the patient did not show any other clinical signs of systemic infection. His blood was taken to isolate and cultivate spirochetes and for molecular analysis. Antimicrobial therapy was prescribed according to the recommended treatment for patients with LB. A follow-up examination was conducted after nine days. The EMs on the skin had disappeared, and antibiotic therapy was continued for 14 days. A second follow-up was conducted one month after the end of therapy. The boy's health condition was normal. After 16 days of incubation in BSK-H medium, viable, motile, and spiral-shaped spirochetes were observed in the culture tube, and cultivation was prolonged for 29 days. PCR and sequencing were successful in both the blood sample and the culture and confirmed the presence of B. lusitaniae.Conclusions: The results presented here is the first Borrelia isolate from the blood of a patient with the clinical manifestation of LB-disseminated EM. The presented results confirm the potential of B. lusitaniae for dissemination via the hematogenous route
Macrophages depletion alters MSC function and differentiation under chronic conditions
No full textBackground
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) maintain homeostasis and tissue regeneration. Although MSCs are recognized as potential
candidates for regenerative therapies, their function and differentiation can be influenced by various factors, including stress,
the microenvironment, and immune cells such as macrophages. Macrophages are in direct contact with MSCs, but the
impact of their depletion on MSCs under chronic stress conditions has yet to be examined.The Abstract Book of European Hematology Association’s 30th Annual Congress - EHA2025 Congress, June 12-15 2025, Milan, Ital
Non-occupational exposure to cadmium and breast cancer: A comprehensive and critical review
No full textBreast cancer (BC) is a multifactorial disease with unresolved etiology. Environmental pollutants, primarily trace metals, play a pivotal role in the pathophysiological cascade of malignant tumors, including BC. In this up-to-date review, we comprehensively and critically examined the relationship between cadmium (Cd) and BC. For this purpose, peer-reviewed studies from relevant databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Library) over the last 40 years were retrieved and analyzed. We found that in vitro and in vivo studies strongly support the view that Cd has harmful effects on breast health. According to the human studies, we found that Cd could be responsible for the development and progression of malignant breast tumors due to markedly higher levels in clinical matrices of cases (whole blood, urine, breast tissue, keratin materials) than in clinical matrices of controls. Cadmium does not appear to affect BC density. In contrast, Cd has been found to have a detrimental effect on sex hormones, disrupting the balance of estrogen and androgen. We found that studies looking at dietary Cd intake and BC risk generally (without measuring urine or blood Cd) do not support the association between dietary Cd intake and BC risk. In notable contrast, studies looking at dietary Cd intake and BC risk by measuring Cd in urine or blood generally support this association. The effect of airborne Cd on BC risk was weak, but in favor of specific histological forms, primarily ER-/PR- invasive tubular breast carcinomas. Regardless of the intake route of Cd into the body, it can be concluded that Cd has a harmful effect on breast health. However, well-designed longitudinal, mechanistic, meta-analytic, and other studies are urgently needed to confirm the exact role of environmental Cd in breast carcinogenesis
Human Echinococcosis in the Russian Federation in the 21st Century: A Systematic Review
No full textAccording to the WHO, echinococcosis is a neglected tropical disease of global importance. The Russian Federation (R.F.) is traditionally considered an endemic area of echinococcosis. This study aims to analyze the state of human infection in the R.F. in the 2000–2021 period, for which there is not enough consolidated data. Epidemiological data on human echinococcosis in the R.F. from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2021 were collected through literature research (both published and grey literature) and official reports. From the 2022 selected records, 12 full-text articles, three doctoral dissertations, and 17 official reports were analyzed, all of which met the criteria for inclusion in the study. In the R.F., in the period from 2000 to 2021, echinococcosis (cystic (C.E.) and alveolar (A.E.) echinococcosis) has been continuously registered in humans (0.4–0.22 cases/100,000 inhabitants). Until 2013, the incidence of echinococcosis did not change (Pearson’s r (N = 13) = 0.288, p = 0.340), but in the period 2013–2021 it decreased significantly (Pearson’s r (N = 9) = −0.709, p = 0.032). In that period, the incidence of C.E. decreased significantly (Pearson’s r (N = 9) = −0.717, p = 0.035), while the incidence of A.E. did not change (Pearson’s r (N = 9) = −0.518, p = 0.154). The infection is registered annually in 30 out of 86 federal units. The C.E. infection rate was significantly higher in the European part (0.46/100,000 population) (2 = 33,783. r < 0.00001) than in the Asian part of the R.F. (0.32/100,000 population), where A.E. was more widespread. Within the European part, the frequency of C.E. infection was significantly higher in the southern (0.70/100,000 inhabitants) (χ2 = 806.67, p < 00001) than in the central and northern parts (0.25/100,000 inhabitants). The incidence of C.E. per federal district was positively correlated with rural population representation (Pearson’s r (N = 8) = 0.866, p = 0.005). Every year, although in small numbers, deaths caused by echinococcosis (in the period 2009–2020—66 deaths) were registered in the R.F., significantly more often caused by A.E. than C.E. (χ2 = 39.4401, p < 0.00001). Our results indicate that, between 2000 and 2021, echinococcosis was still generally endemic in the R.F. The incidence of C.E. has demonstrated a decreasing trend, especially after 2014, while the rate of A.E. remained unchanged
Multi-faceted nutritional science demonstrated through the prism of sugar: a scoping review on sugar intake and association with quality of life in children and adolescents
No full textBackground To strengthen the scientifc evidence linking dietary sugar consumption with health outcomes, it's essential to
look beyond the usual focus on non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and tooth decay. We thus hypothesize that considering
other dimensions of health beyond physical health will meaningfully complement the evidence and expand our understanding of the relationship between nutrition and health.
Purpose The aim of this scoping review was to explore the scientifc evidence of an association between dietary sugar intake
and quality of life (QoL) among healthy children and adolescents.
Methods We performed a literature search in three databases (i.e., PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science). The search
included all types of studies assessing dietary sugar intake in association with QoL, in children and adolescents published
in English between January 2001 and January 2023.
Results Twenty-one full-text eligible papers were included in this review: one intervention, two prospective cohort studies,
and 18 cross-sectional studies. The number of participants ranged from 25 to 65,000 and age of the participants ranged from 4
to 19 years. The studies difered considerably in exposure and outcome measures. For further qualitative analyses, the studies
were categorized into studies related to diferent dimensions of QoL: food security (n=4), sleep-related outcomes (n=5), oral
(n=3) and (mental) health-related QoL (n=9). Altogether, one study reported a null while the remaining 20 studies found
adverse associations between intake of sugar, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), or sweets and outcome measures of QoL.
Conclusion Through this scoping review, a number of scientifc studies have revealed an association between sugar intake
among children and adolescents and health-related QoL. The fndings underscore a negative association. Our review emphasizes the crucial imperative of embracing a broader spectrum of health dimensions to gain a more wholistic understanding of
nutrition, especially in collecting science-based evidence for the development of health policies, including dietary guideline
Preliminary Insights into Quality of Life and Dietary Intake in Patients with Breast Cancer on Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy
No full textBackground: Endocrine therapies are accompanied by side effects that significantly impact the quality of life (QoL) of women with breast cancer. Adequate diet is important for fulfilling nutritional requirements, preserving health, and supporting therapy in this vulnerable population. Methods: This preliminary study evaluated the QoL of life and dietary intake in 185 women with breast cancer on two therapies, aromatase inhibitors (AIs) and tamoxifen, using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—Endocrine Symptoms (FACT-ES), European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30), and Breast Cancer Specific Questionnaire (QLQ-BR23) and a 24 h dietary recall. A total of 185 women were included in the study and fulfilled the FACT-ES, of whom 73 fulfilled other two questionnaires and a 24 h recall. Results: No significant differences were found in the overall QoL between groups. Joint pain (95.3%) and reduced libido (84.7%) were most common with AIs, while tamoxifen users more frequently reported weight gain and irritability (93.0%, each), and vasomotor and gynecological symptoms. Macronutrient intake was similar, though AIs users consumed more energy-dense (p ≤ 0.001) and sugary foods (p = 0.034), while tamoxifen users had higher omega-6 PUFA intake. Both groups exhibited suboptimal intake of vitamin D, calcium, and selenium, and a higher phosphorus consumption relative to recommended daily values. Conclusions: Preliminary findings showed that QoL and dietary intake were comparable between patients with BC on AIs and tamoxifen treatment. Endocrine-related symptoms were more prevalent among tamoxifen users, whereas joint pain was most common in AIs users. Nutritional interventions may be warranted in both groups to ensure adequate intake of essential micronutrients in accordance with recommended dietary guidelines