Belügyi Szemle (Journal)
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Extracts on current issues of security at sports events
No full textCél: A szerző arra vállalkozott, hogy bemutassa, hogy melyek azok a sajátos tényezők, amelyek alapján megállapítható, hogy a labdarúgó rendezvények a világon kevésbé biztonságosak, mint hazánkban.
Módszertan: Jogszabályok, belső szabályzatok, levéltári anyagok és sportjogi, sportrendészeti kiadványok, szakmai anyagok feldolgozásával készült az írás.
Megállapítások: 2001. szeptember 11-ig a jog humanizálódásának egy töretlen folyamata zajlott, majd kezdetét vette a dehumanizálódás, amely sajnos a sportrendezvények biztonságára is nagy hatást gyakorolt.
Érték: A tanulmány olyan jogeseteket gyűjt egy csokorba, amelyek részletes elemzése elengedhetetlen a sportrendészet fejlődéséhez, amely kiegészül sportjogi vonatkozásokkal és az előzmények feltárásával.Aim: The author undertook to present the specific factors on the basis of which it can be concluded that football events in the world are less safe than in Hungary.
Methodology: The paper is based on legislation, internal regulations, archival material and publications on sports law, sports law and professional material.
Findings: Until 11 September 2001, there was an uninterrupted process of humanization of the law, and then the dehumanization began, which unfortunately also had a major impact on the security of sporting events.
Value: The study collects legal cases in a bouquet, the detailed analysis of which is essential for the development of sports policing, which is complemented by sports law aspects and the exploration of history
The place of work diagnostic instrumental measurements in the protocols of occupational health tasks
No full textAim: Work diagnostic examinations are carried out to assess aptitude, job selection, pre-rehabilitation assessment and follow-up, career guidance. Work diagnostic tests include aptitude tests, various questionnaires, work practice tests and instrumental examinations. For instrumental testing, portable work psychology testing instruments or so-called ‘work-simulators’ can be used. Work simulators have been used for selection, assessment of aptitude, training for jobs requiring a high level of attention and with an increased risk of accidents.
In the author’s opinion, work diagnostic instrumentation, work simulator tests (e.g. ErgoScope) can be well integrated into the protocol of primary and specialised occupational health care tasks.
Methodology: The author conducted an online questionnaire survey among occupational health specialists working in Hungary to find out whether they use work diagnostic tools, and if so, which ones, and whether they would be willing to send workers for instrumental work diagnostic tests. 272 second-level medical fitness for work examinations were reviewed for their inclusion in the instrumental work diagnostic tests.
Findings: It is clear from the questionnaire responses that very few occupational health specialists have the opportunity to use occupational diagnostic instrumentation in their work, but 60.62% of them would be happy to send patients for instrumented skills testing. From the documentation of the second level medical fitness for work examinations, the author selected those where aptitude tests had been carried out and those where an instrumental aptitude test would have assisted the assessment.
Value: It can be concluded that, in addition to the second level occupational/professional medical fitness tests, instrumental occupational diagnostic tests could be easily integrated into the examination protocols of occupational health, in the first level occupational/professional medical fitness tests, in career counselling and in the occupational rehabilitation process, and would significantly assist the work of occupational health professionals.Aim: Work diagnostic examinations are carried out to assess aptitude, job selection, pre-rehabilitation assessment and follow-up, career guidance. Work diagnostic tests include aptitude tests, various questionnaires, work practice tests and instrumental examinations. For instrumental testing, portable work psychology testing instruments or so-called ‘work-simulators’ can be used. Work simulators have been used for selection, assessment of aptitude, training for jobs requiring a high level of attention and with an increased risk of accidents.
In the author’s opinion, work diagnostic instrumentation, work simulator tests (e.g. ErgoScope) can be well integrated into the protocol of primary and specialised occupational health care tasks.
Methodology: The author conducted an online questionnaire survey among occupational health specialists working in Hungary to find out whether they use work diagnostic tools, and if so, which ones, and whether they would be willing to send workers for instrumental work diagnostic tests. 272 second-level medical fitness for work examinations were reviewed for their inclusion in the instrumental work diagnostic tests.
Findings: It is clear from the questionnaire responses that very few occupational health specialists have the opportunity to use occupational diagnostic instrumentation in their work, but 60.62% of them would be happy to send patients for instrumented skills testing. From the documentation of the second level medical fitness for work examinations, the author selected those where aptitude tests had been carried out and those where an instrumental aptitude test would have assisted the assessment.
Value: It can be concluded that, in addition to the second level occupational/professional medical fitness tests, instrumental occupational diagnostic tests could be easily integrated into the examination protocols of occupational health, in the first level occupational/professional medical fitness tests, in career counselling and in the occupational rehabilitation process, and would significantly assist the work of occupational health professionals
Police communication with children
No full textA szerző áttekintést nyújt a rendőrök és a gyermekek közötti kommunikáció legfontosabb jellemzőiről.The author provides an overview of the most important features of communication between police officers and children
The Intelligent Threat: How Artificial Intelligence Can Compromise Our Security
No full textAim: The aim of the study is to draw attention to the dangers of using artificial intelligence.
Methodology: Alongside a relevant literature review, the author illustrates the aspects of artificial intelligence jeopardising our security by providing examples and addresses the existing and evolving regulatory environment.
Findings: Artificial intelligence can directly or indirectly pose a threat to our security. The risks associated with artificial intelligence, coupled with the current rapid technological advancement, make it imperative to establish appropriate and adaptive continuous regulations to ensure the increasing use of AI comes with minimal negative consequences.
Value: The study explores previously overlooked features that compromise security. Its findings can contribute to understanding how artificial intelligence can endanger our security on both narrower and broader societal levels.Aim: The aim of the study is to draw attention to the dangers of using artificial intelligence.
Methodology: Alongside a relevant literature review, the author illustrates the aspects of artificial intelligence jeopardising our security by providing examples and addresses the existing and evolving regulatory environment.
Findings: Artificial intelligence can directly or indirectly pose a threat to our security. The risks associated with artificial intelligence, coupled with the current rapid technological advancement, make it imperative to establish appropriate and adaptive continuous regulations to ensure the increasing use of AI comes with minimal negative consequences.
Value: The study explores previously overlooked features that compromise security. Its findings can contribute to understanding how artificial intelligence can endanger our security on both narrower and broader societal levels
Rolf Loeber – Machteld Hoeve – N. Wim Slot – Peter H. van der Laan (eds.): Persisters and Desisters in Crime from Adolescence into Adulthood. Ashgate, Surrey, 2012, p. 461 (Bookreview) [144–152]
No full textA Rolf Loeber, Machteld Hoeve, Wim Slot és Peter van der Laan által szerkesztett "Persisters and Desisters in Crime from Adolescence into Adulthood" című kötet egy nemzetközi tudóscsoportot tömörít egy interdiszciplináris kihívásra. A szerzők áttekintést nyújtanak a serdülőkortól a felnőttkorba való átmenet legfontosabb kriminológiai kérdéseiről és problémaköreiről.The volume “Persisters and Desisters in Crime from Adolescence into Adulthood”. edited by Rolf Loeber, Machteld Hoeve, Wim Slot and Peter van der Laan, gathers an international team of academics for an interdisciplinary challenge. The authors provide an overview of the most important criminological questions and problematic issues of the transition period from adolescence to adulthood
The Exclusionary Rule doctrine in the United States of America Criminal Procedure
No full textA szerző áttekintést nyújt az amerikai büntetőeljárásban alkalmazott kizárási szabályokról.The author provides an overview of exclusionary rules in American criminal procedure
UN General Assembly resolutions on terrorism
No full textA szerző az ENSZ közgyűlési határozatokat veszi górcső alá a nemzetközi terrorizmus elleni küzdelemben.The author looks at UN General Assembly resolutions in the fight against international terrorism
The right to language assistance and its enforcement in Hungarian criminal procedures
No full textCél: A tanulmány egyik célja az anyanyelv használatának jogára vonatkozó hazai és nemzetközi szabályozás áttekintése annak érdekében, hogy megállapítsuk az irányadó elvárásokat e területen. A szabályozás megfelelősége azonban nem feltétlenül jelenti azt, hogy a gyakorlatban is megfelelően érvényesülnek a nyelvhasználatra vonatkozó szabályok. További cél ezért a kapcsolódó joggyakorlat áttekintése.
Módszertan: A tanulmány részben a hatályos hazai jogszabályok és vonatkozó emberi jogi és európai uniós instrumentumok áttekintésén keresztül vizsgálja az irányadó elvárásokat. A gyakorlati érvényesülést az Alkotmánybíróság határozatainak és a magyar bíróságok esetjogának elemzésén keresztül vizsgálja.
Megállapítások: A hatályos magyar büntetőeljárási törvény részletesen rendelkezik az anyanyelv használatának jogáról, valamint a tolmács és fordító igénybevételének lehetőségéről. Az Emberi Jogok Európai Egyezménye és az EU vonatkozó irányelve is foglalkozik ezen alapjoggal. Ezeket a jogi instrumentumokat áttekintve megállapítható, hogy a hatályos magyar szabályozás lényegesen többet biztosít az anyanyelv használatának jogával kapcsolatban, mint amit az európai szabályok megkövetelnek. Az Alkotmánybíróság következetes gyakorlata a tisztességes eljárás egyik részelemét képező fegyverek egyenlősége elvének fontos követelményeként tartja számon a nyelvhasználat jogát. A bírósági esetjog elemzéséből kiderül, hogy a büntetőeljárásokban a nyelvhasználattal összefüggő kérdéseket érdemben viszonylag ritkán kifogásolják az érintettek.
Érték: Az anyanyelv használatának elve a büntetőeljárás egyik alapelve. Az anyanyelv használatának biztosítása alapvető jelentőségű a büntetőeljárás tisztességének érvényesítése terén. Összeségében az anyanyelv használatához való jog gyakorlati érvényesítése megfelel a jogszabályokban és az Alkotmánybíróság gyakorlatában meghatározott elvárásoknak, de e körben további és folyamatos vizsgálat indokolt.Aim: The goal of this study is to review Hungarian and international legal instruments in order to assess the relevant standards in this field. Enacting proper legal regulations, however, does not necessarily mean that the requirements of language assistance are also enforced in practice. Another goal, therefore, is the review of the relevant caselaw.
Methodology: This study reviews the relevant standards through the review of the relevant Hungarian legal regulations, as well as of the applicable human rights and EU legal instruments. The practical enforcement of the right to language assistance is analysed through the caselaw of the Hungarian Constitutional Court and regular courts.
Findings: The present Hungarian Criminal procedure code defines the right to language assistance and the use of translator and interpreter in details. The European Convention on Human Rights and the relevant Directive of the EU also regulate this right. After examining the relevant legal standards it becomes apparent that the present Hungarian legal regime provides more rights and offers a higher level of protection than what is required by the European standards. The consistent jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court considers the right to use mother tongue a crucial element of the equality of arms, an essential part of the right to fair trial. The caselaw of courts show that though there are some cases in which appeals also concern the use of mother tongue, the vast majority of these claims are not relevant for the merits of the case.
Value: The right to translation and interpretation is one of the main principles of criminal procedure. The right to language assistance is crucial for ensuring fair trial. In summary, the enforcement of the right to use one’s mother tongue meets the standards provided for in legal regulations and the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court, but in this field continuous analysis is required in order to ensure compliance at all times
Government crisis communication tools in the light of the extreme drought of 2022
No full textCél: Jelen tanulmány célja a vízválságok és konkrétan a 2022. évi aszály (vízkrízis) kommunikációjának vizsgálata. Mivel a víz létfontosságú elem, a túlélés alfája és ómegája, a hozzá kapcsolódó krízisek során számolni kell az egzisztenciális szorongások megjelenésével, amelyek az üzenetek figyelmen kívül hagyását eredményezhetik. Ez a felelős állami szerv kommunikációját hatványozottan nehezíti. A szerzők célja előremutató javaslatokat megfogalmazni a vízügyi szakemberek számára a jövő vízválságait illetően.
Módszertan: A hatékonyabb kríziskommunikációs stratégiák kidolgozásának elősegítése érdekében a szerzők (a médiafigyelés és -elemzés módszerével) elemzik az Országos Vízügyi Főigazgatóság válság előtti, alatti és utáni kommunikációját. Az értékelést a szakirodalomban foglaltak alapján összeállított – saját – szempontrendszerük alapján végezték el. Összegző megállapításaikat javaslattétel zárja.
Megállapítások: A szerzők véleménye szerint, bár az OVF kommunikációját a gyors, pontos információáramlás jellemezte, a jövőben erősíteni kell a társadalmi felelősségvállalás szerepét. Átgondolandó a szöveges és a vizuális tartalmak aránya és közzétételi csatornáinak megválasztása.
Érték: A hidrológiai ciklus felgyorsulása okán valószínűsíthető, hogy a jövőben az emberiségnek fel kell készülnie a szélsőséges vízhiányos időszakok intenzívebbé válására. A műholdas gravimetriai mérések szerint a Kárpát-medence vízbiztonsága negatív irányba változik. A szerzők eredményei aláhúzzák, hogy a kialakuló klímakrízis mind a felkészülés, mind a védekezés során új dimenziókat nyit a kormányzati/hatósági kríziskommunikációban.Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the communication of the drought (water crisis) of 2022. As water is a vital element, the alpha and omega of survival, the authors should expect the emergence of existential anxieties during related crises that may result in messages being ignored. This makes the communication of the responsible public authority even more difficult. The authors’ aim to make forward-looking recommendations for water professionals in the face of future water crises.
Methodology: In order to help develop more effective crisis communication the authors analysed the National Directorate General for Water Management’s communications before, during and after the crisis (using the method of media monitoring and analysis) and carried out the evaluation based on their own criteria, which were compiled on the basis of the literature. They conclude their summary findings by making recommendations.
Findings: In their opinion, although the communication of the OVF has been characterised by a rapid and accurate flow of information, the role of social responsibility should be strengthened in the future. The proportion of textual and visual content and the choice of publication channels should be reconsidered.
Value: Due to the acceleration of the hydrological cycle, it is likely that in the future humanity will have to prepare for more intense periods of extreme water scarcity. According to satellite gravimetric measurements, the water security of the Carpathian Basin is changing in a negative direction. The authors’ results underline that the emerging climate crisis opens up new dimensions in governmental/authority crisis communication, both in terms of preparedness and response
Government crisis communication tools in the light of the extreme drought of 2022
No full textAim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the communication of the drought (water crisis) of 2022. As water is a vital element, the alpha and omega of survival, the authors should expect the emergence of existential anxieties during related crises that may result in messages being ignored. This makes the communication of the responsible public authority even more difficult. The authors’ aim to make forward-looking recommendations for water professionals in the face of future water crises.
Methodology: In order to help develop more effective crisis communication the authors analysed the National Directorate General for Water Management’s communications before, during and after the crisis (using the method of media monitoring and analysis) and carried out the evaluation based on their own criteria, which were compiled on the basis of the literature. They conclude their summary findings by making recommendations.
Findings: In their opinion, although the communication of the OVF has been characterised by a rapid and accurate flow of information, the role of social responsibility should be strengthened in the future. The proportion of textual and visual content and the choice of publication channels should be reconsidered.
Value: Due to the acceleration of the hydrological cycle, it is likely that in the future humanity will have to prepare for more intense periods of extreme water scarcity. According to satellite gravimetric measurements, the water security of the Carpathian Basin is changing in a negative direction. The authors’ results underline that the emerging climate crisis opens up new dimensions in governmental/authority crisis communication, both in terms of preparedness and response