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AI and Welfare States:Curse, Solutions or Both?
Get PDFThis chapter discusses the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on welfare states by delving deeper into a number of elements that may influence this development. AI will influence not only the number of jobs, but also change qualifications needed in several jobs. This indicates that most people will likely need life-long learning in order to keep a position on the labour market. AI implies higher risk for some by the possible increase in platform work and the related risk for wage earners with regard hereto. Moreover, for some jobs the working week and working conditions may change as a result of the new technology, whereas it is less likely to do so in other professions (such as services and care). This was already seen in several jobs during the COVID-19 pandemic, although whether this will continue is still open for debates. How this can increase or decrease the number and differences in the types of jobs in the labour force is also an open question. AI might make administration easier, but it also implies a risk of bias for those in need of these services. As an example, the impact of the support from the labour market policy will be used. Overall, AI implies new options, but also new risks, which the welfare state may help mitigate
Bilateral triple helix
No full textStates can increase their national reputation by demonstrating that they have competences of value to the outside world. One model is to build innovation partnerships with leaders in influential countries. The triple helix concept around government–university–business cooperation constitutes part of the knowledge society discourse, and Denmark has applied the idea to bilateral settings—building partnerships in selected innovation hotspots around the world. These bilateral triple helixes focus on areas of green transition, life sciences, and tech, where Denmark has high-level expertise to offer. The Danish bilateral triple helix engagement is based on government-to-government agreements.The bilateral triple helix is a government–business–university innovation cluster that links actors from two countries in partnership arrangements. The intent is to develop innovative solutions to national and global challenges, such as those indicated in the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals, and translate ideas into practice
Vi har fulgt arbejdsløse på kanten af samfundet i to år.:Her er, hvad vi lærte om uværdighed
No full textAt føle sig værdigt eller uværdigt behandlet som arbejdsløs, handler ikke kun om kontakten til jobcentren
End-of-life care experiences and long-term outcomes of bereaved neuro-oncology caregivers:A cross-sectional survey
Get PDFBackground: The last three months of life (end-of-life phase) are profoundly challenging for patients with brain tumours and their family caregivers. Post-bereavement outcomes are largely unknown. Aim: To better understand long-term outcomes of a brain tumour diagnosis on families, we aimed to describe caregiver experiences during the end-of-life phase and beyond. Design: In this sequential mixed-methods study designed together with bereaved caregivers, we used an online survey. This comprised end-of-life experiences, and post-bereavement outcomes (family functioning: Family APGAR; resilience: CD-RISC-10; mood: HADS; prolonged grief: PG-13-R; post-traumatic stress: TSQ). Setting/Participants: Caregivers of patients with brain tumours who were bereaved ⩾6 months ago were invited through social media and charities. Results: 105 bereaved neuro-oncology caregivers participated. The end-of-life phase was marked by high symptom burden and disruption to family life, compounded by often unsatisfactory information provision and support. Forty-three percent did not describe the patient’s death as dignified. Most caregivers were not well-supported post-bereavement, and current functioning was impacted by notable rates of prolonged grief disorder (64%), post-traumatic stress disorder (42%), depression (35%), anxiety (61%), disruption to family life (53%) and low levels of resilience. Multivariable regressions found better resilience and family functioning to be protective factors for both post-traumatic stress disorder and prolonged grief disorder symptoms, with a dignified death additionally linked to caregivers’ prolonged grief scores, explaining 23.8% and 51.0% of variance, respectively. Conclusions: Bereaved neuro-oncology caregivers have high rates of adverse mental health outcomes, highlighting a pressing need for improvements in palliative, end-of-life and post-bereavement services
Håndværkerne udnytter ikke de sociale mediers potentiale
No full textMange små håndværksfirmaer er i dag til stede på sociale medier, men formålet med deres kommunikation er ofte ikke klart. Det er ærgerligt, for håndværkernes faglige viden og praktiske erfaring kunne blive værdifuldt indhold med en beskeden indsats
AI startups for good: A taxonomy and archetypes of sustainable business models
Get PDFArtificial Intelligence (AI) empowers startups to have a positive impact on personal and professional lives. Given that power, research on how business models utilize AI to contribute to sustainability is needed. Knowledge about various design options can help business model developers minimize unnecessary efforts and mitigate potential risks. This paper addresses this issue through twofold contributions: First, we provide a taxonomy of AI startup business models for good. Based on the analysis of 100 real-world instances, the taxonomy captures how AI is currently used in startups to achieve sustainability value. This helps scholars and practitioners be aware of and navigate key characteristics of such business models, as well as understand the boundaries of the overarching design solution space. Second, we present five archetypical configurations: AI environmental analyser, AI healthcare improver with patient data, AI product manufacturer for farming and grocery, AI surveillant and reporter of customer-provided data, and AI Energy Improver. These archetypes reflect common business model characteristic combinations that practitioners can use to develop or redesign their businesses. Researchers can further examine these archetypes to generate new insights, for instance, by evaluating their success and contributions to sustainable development
Living Lab exploring routinized kitchen practices to reduce cross-sectoral food waste
Get PDFThis article explores the relationship between everyday food ordering practices in municipally operated kitchens in Denmark—referred to here as public kitchens—catering to public institutions, including schools and care homes, and the logistics defined in public procurement agreements to reduce systemic food waste. In Denmark, it is standard practice for public kitchens to order wholesale food at short notice, as per their food procurement contracts. However, this timeframe, with its short ordering deadline (up to 16 hours prior to next-morning delivery) has been found to cause wholesalers to maintain buffer stocks to meet demand, often resulting in excess waste. Using practice theory, we explored cross-sectoral ordering and delivery practices, specifically focusing on the daily rhythms and operations in publicly owned kitchens. Our aim was to establish whether kitchen ordering practices and wholesalers’ supply schedules could be aligned, consequently reducing wholesale waste. A Living Lab approach was employed, engaging seven publicly owned kitchens in Copenhagen. As a participatory research approach, Living Labs actively engage stakeholders in real-world settings while embracing their diverse realities. We conducted 18 semi-structured interviews before, during, and after the Living Lab. To guide our analysis, we applied the three-elements model from practice theory, analyzing the data through situational mapping. The findings provide insights into how the alignment of food procurement practices, through multi-actor involvement and cross-sectoral partnerships, can reduce food waste across the supply chain
Try to Look Again:A Phenomenological Study of Recognising Humanness in People Living With Advanced Dementia
Get PDFObjective and Aim: Although maintaining personhood is well-acknowledged as fundamental in providing high quality dementia care, recognition of personhood in advanced dementia keeps challenging formal caregivers. However, research suggests that personhood in advanced dementia may be evident through expressions of humanness in everyday life. Thus, this study aims to explore how personhood in advanced dementia can be recognised as their expressions as existential human beings. Method and Research Design: Following Galvin and Todres' lifeworld-led approach to care, personhood in advanced dementia was explored through the lived experiences of nursing home residents living with the condition. Participant observations with people living with advanced dementia were conducted at two nursing homes as well as semi-structured interviews with the care staff. Ethical Considerations: Process consent was used to assess residents' willingness to participate, and ethical approval was sought and granted by a research ethics committee. Results: Based on a phenomenological analytic method by van Manen, we found expressions of humanness in advanced dementia can be very ambiguous. Our findings can be summarised in four themes conveyed as anecdotes describing how people living with advanced dementia enact their historic agency, seek a sense of embodied homeliness, form and nurture candid relationships, or try to understand the situated presence. Embodied engagement in understanding the lived experiences of care recipients' ambiguous expressed humanness can assist formal caregivers to really see or feel those they care for as existential human beings. Conclusion: Approaching behaviours and utterances in advanced dementia as ways of expressing one's humanness can support formal caregivers' recognition of the personhood of their care recipients. And when such expression becomes incomprehensible, we must try to look again and find the human meaning in them
Chronic low dose <sup>90</sup>Sr contamination in <i>Lemna minor</i>:from transcriptional dynamics of epigenetic regulators to population level effects
Get PDFThe ecotoxicology model plant Lemna minor was exposed for 6 weeks to 90Sr, simulating the dose rates present in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ), in order to understand the effects of chronic low dose ionising radiation exposure. The data suggest that the plant may exhibit temporally variable acclimation responses that can be interpreted as early-, mid-, and long-term phases. Morphological changes included increased area and frond number, while molecular adjustments encompassed variations in pigment levels, glutathione metabolism, and expression modulation of telomerase-related and DNA methylation machinery genes. Physiological parameters and 90Sr uptake remained relatively stable, yet fluctuations indicate a continuous adjustment to the chronic stress, suggesting L. minor’s potential for phytoremediation. The interplay between transcriptional regulation of DNA methylation and the examined endpoints suggests a potential involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in L. minor’s acclimation to chronic low dose-rate 90Sr stress. This work provides knowledge on L. minor’s abiotic stress responses and contributes to our understanding of plant adaptation to low-level ionising radiation (IR). The findings contribute to the development of adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) for L. minor exposed to IR, improving environmental risk assessment approaches
