Archive of Clinical Medicine
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Teacher of Higher Education Institution: Culture of Communication and Education as Pedagogical Component of Image
No full textThe article is devoted to the problems of educational and communicative culture formation of higher medical educational institution teacher, which is essential for the success of teaching process. Modern psychology and pedagogical science consider the relationship of teachers and students to be a special social-psychological phenomenon and an important component of the whole educational process of training in higher education. The fact that teaching students is a subject both of learning and education and is effective only if the student wishes to be an active participant in the educational process and self-improvement is outlined. The basic task of the teacher is to help students become active participants of educational process and ensure conditions for the realization of their potential. Optimization of the learning and teaching processes is to develop professional techniques in order to prepare students for self-improvement of their knowledge and skills for future professional activity, depending on the features of the collaboration between students and teachers as a factor in the educational process
Effective Interaction of Teachers and Students as the Basis for Foreign Students’ Successful Study of Pathophysiology
No full textThe urgent issues of interaction of the teacher and students of Foreign Citizens Training Faculty with English as a language of study are presented in the article. They give grounding to a successful study of pathophysiology today. One of the most important points is cooperation and collaboration between the teacher and future doctor. Its effectiveness in classes depends on many factors (successful definition of objectives, correspondence of pedagogical tactics of the specific task to this interaction, the students’ activity, etc.). Among them, an important role is played by the factor of optimal choice of teaching methods. Their implementation in specific contexts of educational institution provides high quality of students.The basic aspects of relationships between students and teachers were analyzed through the example of foreign students studying pathological physiology. Thus, the future doctor’s respectful and polite attitude to the teacher is obligatory and teachers must respect students when interacting with them. Many foreign students from countries in Europe, Asia and Africa study at the Department of Pathophysiology. They differ from Ukrainian future doctors not only mentally, culturally and ethnically, but also by their attitude to the teacher in accordance with the professional, age and gender status and the authority. Nowadays students prefer the authority of the teacher’s individuality, his/her unique personality that is formed at a sufficiently high level of three types of pedagogical skills, namely “objective” (scientific knowledge); “communicative” (knowledge about their students and colleagues); “gnostic” (knowledge of oneself and the ability to adjust their own behavior). In addition, the article shows the main positive and negative pedagogical qualities that determine the effectiveness of interaction with students and the willingness to pay more attention to the study of the subject.It was determined that pedagogical communication should be actively practiced for the successful learning of any subject by foreign students. Such communication is a set of tools and methods which support the goals and objectives of education and training of future physicians
Study of Foreign Students’ Attitude toward Learning in Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University
No full textThe research is devoted to the study of some social and economic characteristics of 166 fifth-year students of the specialty “General Medicine” studying at Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University and arrived from 15 countries. It was established that the main reasons for choosing IFNMU for training were its relatively low tuition and positive recommendations given by other students and graduates. It was shown that foreign students studying at IFNMU are proud of their choice of higher medical educational institution. They are characterized by high levels of motivation to learning, academic performance and discipline. Revealed significant differences in attitudes to learning depending of region of origin should be considered when forming groups and organization of training, educational work and leisure activities
Students’ Independent Work in the Context of Credit-Modular System
No full textThe article shows that properly organized independent work creates favourable conditions for the development of students’ cognitive abilities and enhances their work during lessons. The basic principles and fundamentals of organization of students’ independent work in medical educational establishments were characterized. The theoretical bases were provided and the applied value of various forms of independent work in the current educational activity was substantiated. The main task of medical education development in Ukraine is to prepare highly qualified competitive doctor who can flexibly refocuse his activity according to the needs of the field of medicine. Therefore, higher medical education faces the task of improvement the process of future doctors’ training. The question of organization and control of students’ independent work is especially acute in terms of the inclusion of Ukraine into the Bologna educational process. The introduction of credit-modular educational system and self-organization as a progressive form of specialists’ training becomes relevant. Higher education institutions gradually shift from the information transmission to the management of students’ independent work skills mastering, which is a special form of training activity aimed at creation of students’ independence, mastering their totality of knowledge, abilities, skills. This is performed due to the introduction of an appropriate system of all types of classes organization. Practical training contributes to the formation and deepening of clinical medical thinking of the future medical worker, i.e. the ability to comprehensively assess the diversity of symptoms and the clinical picture and to make decisions immediately. The practical self-training of students-doctors is a required component of educational-training programme for qualification obtaining and is aimed at the acquiring of professional skills and abilities
Dynamics of Cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, Interferon-γ) and β2-Microglobulin Content in Cases of Pneumonia in Children Who Often Suffer from Acute Respiratory Disease
No full textThe objective of the research was to study indices of cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, interferon- γ) and β2-microglobulin content in blood serum of children at the age of 3 to 8 who often suffered from acute respiratory diseases. Their dynamics before and after protocol pneumonia treatment was analyzed. Materials and methods of research. 80 children with pneumonia at the age of 3 to 8 were examined. They included 40 children who often suffered from acute respiratory diseases (the number of cases during the year was 6 and more) and 40 children who were sick not very frequently. Children of both groups received protocol therapy for pneumonia.Results of the research. More significant changes in the correlation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines by reducing the levels of IL-2 and interferon-γ on the background of increased IL-4content were observed in children who often suffered from acute respiratory diseases. This indicated switching from a cellular immune response to humoral one. Reduction of β2-microglobulin as a marker of immunosuppression was observed.Conclusions. Protocol treatment for pneumonia in children who often suffered from acute respiratory infections contributed to normalization of above mentioned cytokines and β2-microglobulin indices indicating adequate immune response to inflammation.
Study of the Orthodontic Treatment Need and the Prevalence of Malocclusion Among Children in Ivano-Frankivsk Region
No full textDue to anthropogenic pollution of environment from salts of heavy metal, the necessity to investigate the need for orthodontic treatment and prevalence of malocclusion among children living in the Carpathian region appeared. Thus, the study of the orthodontic treatment need and the prevalence of malocclusion was conducted. We have examined 350 children at the age of 6, 9, 12 years with deciduous, mixed and permanent dentition respectively. We have found that living in regions with increased level of heavy metals salts causes the development of such skeletal forms of anomalies as open bite, prognathiaor prognathism.A tendency to the increase in need for orthodontic treatment, especially in the foothill and mountainous areas, can also be traced.The prospects for further research involve the development of new methods of dentition anomalies treatment.
Complicated Diabetic Trophic Ulcer in Elderly People (Сase History)
No full textSensory, motor and autonomic neuropathies causing skin ulceration are considered to be the primary mechanisms for the development of diabetic ulcers. Ulcerative defect is usually developed under the influence of external factors - excessive pressure on certain parts of the foot, in particular the sole and toes, or in areas compressed with shoes.
Features of Teaching Physiology to Students Studying at the Department of Pediatrics
No full textFeature of teaching physiology to students studying at the Department of Pediatrics were considered. It was accented that when teaching the subject special attention should be given to functioning of different organs and systems in children, age-related standards and regularities of individual developmen
Ultrasonography and Doppler Sonography in the Diagnosis of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
No full textDespite improvements in ultrasound equipment, ultrasound examination is not widely used for diagnosing necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in newborns. The objective of the research was to generalize own experience of using ultrasonography and Doppler sonography for the diagnosis of NEC. The research is based on the results of ultrasound examination of 69 newborns with NEC of varying degrees of severity using diagnostic ultrasound machines “Aloka 600” and “Voluson 730 Pro” (General Electric Healthcare, Austria) with 5-15 MHz linear and curved transducers. According to the results of color Doppler imaging 3 types of blood circulation within the intestinal wall - normal, increased, and absent – were observed in newborns with NEC. Normal blood flow was detected in 20.3% of children with initial stages of the disease. The increased blood flow which was observed in 60.9% of children was characterized by circulatory patterns of blood flow around the intestinal wall (21.7% of children), U-shaped pattern of blood flow in distal mesenteric and subserosal vessels (23.2%) and multiple parallel color Doppler signals which characterized blood flow within hyperemic mucosal folds (15.9%). Blood flow in the intestinal wall was absent in 19 (95%) children with stage III B NEC and 19 (82.6%) children with stage III A NEC; no color Doppler signals were detected. The sensitivity of USG and Doppler sonography regarding the diagnosis of NEC severity, detection of intestinal necrosis in particular was 88.4% and its specificity was 93.9%. The nature of changes in intramural and magistral blood flow depended on the duration of the disease and severity of the pathological process. The obtained results revealed that there was a clear correlation between the indicators of peak systolic velocity and the resistance index in all patients regardless of disease severity. Hemodynamic changes in distal vessels correlated with the decrease in intramural blood flow or its complete absence in the intestinal wall which was typical for newborns with stage III B NEC. Ultrasonography and Doppler sonography allows us to detect necrotic changes in the intestinal wall before perforation occurs and perform required surgical intervention preventing the development of peritonitis that improves the results of treatment of children with necrotizing enterocolitis
Comparative Analysis of Ultrasonography and Laparoscopy in the Diagnosis of Abdominal Cryptorchidism
No full textAccurate preoperative diagnosis of non-palpable testis is of great importance for the election of optimal surgical strategy when treating a child with abdominal cryptorchidism.The objective of the research was to compare the diagnostic values of ultrasonography (USG) and laparoscopy in children with abdominal cryptorchidism. USG was performed in 32 children using diagnostic ultrasound machines Philips HD II XE (the Netherlands) and Voluson 730 Pro (General Electric, Austria) with 7.5-12 MHz linear transducers. Laparoscopy was performed in 44 patients with suspected abdominal cryptorchidism. When performing USG only in 5 (15.6%) children with abdominal cryptorchidism localization of the testis was identified preoperatively. Laparoscopy was effective in 42 (95.5%) patients and only in 2 (4.5%) children the testis or the spermatic cord structures were not identified.The results of our study showed the advantage of laparoscopy over ultrasonography in topical diagnosis of preoperative localization of the testis in children with abdominal cryptorchidism