Archive of Clinical Medicine
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Model of Preparing Fifth-Year Students for Licensed Examination “Krok 2. Dentistry”
Get PDFThe system of licensed integrated examinations “Krok 2” is a complex of methods and means to assess and determine the level of knowledge and professional competence of future dentists and is an integral part of the final certifying examination.
In the IFNMU during practical classes tests with emphasis on tasks similar to those in “Krok 2” are used in addition to oral recitation – the evaluation of practical work. The key to successful completing the licensed exam is the use of tests included in the databank of testing center during practical classes and final module controls.
The rectorial control which is intended to assess the level of students’ knowledge on both separate discipline and basic dental subjects with subsequent generalization and analysis of students’ readiness for the licensed examination as well as to form risk groups is a special form of the internal control.
Thus, the stage-by-stage performance of these steps can ensure success in the licensed integrated examination “Krok 2” for dental students. Rectorial controls and advisory classes intended to work with high-risk students allow us to improve the exam preparation as well as to achieve better results for the university
Independent Extracurricular Work as a Means of Improving Knowledge of Fifth Year Students of Medicine Faculty at the Department of Oncology
Get PDFIndependent extracurricular work of fifth-year students of Medicine Faculty at the Department of Oncology in the context of credit-modular system of education was analyzed. The problem of proper organization of independent theoretical and practical student’s work was determined. The presence of sufficient amount of relevant literature and resource materials for student’s training was analyzed
Carcinogenesis as a Process of the Reverse Evolution (Hypothesis)
Get PDFThe hypothesis about carcinogenesis process as a cell reverse evolution process is proposed. The process of transition of the cells functioning programs from its daughter forms to the plesiomorphic ones (those that cell used evolutionarily earlier) occurs under the conditions of genomic instability as a result of mutations. We suppose this transition to occur in the process of a cell malignant transformation as a result of the repair genes damage in the cell genome. The process consists in the mutational destruction of the existing cell functioning and management programs resulting in the unlocking and the bringing into action ancestral forms of the cell functioning programs. As a result, in each replication cycle the cell takes a step back in evolutionary terms. This leads at first to the formation of colonies of such cells (malignant tumor), and later to the cells which are metastases
Clinical Neuroimaging Peculiarities and Functional Consequences of Ischemic Stroke in Patients with MS
Get PDFThe objective of the research was to study the peculiarities of post-stroke period in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS), functional consequences, cognitive impairment, to identify structural brain changes on the basis of MRI results; to perform correlation analysis between the brain volumetric test results and cognitive deficit.Materials and methods. The study involved 116 patients, aged 51 to 81, with ischemic stroke, 79 patients – main group – during the early and late recovery periods after ischemic stroke related to MS. The control group included 37 patients in the early and late recovery periods after acute cerebrovascular accident (ACVA) without MS. To determine the functional consequences of ischemic stroke after 12 weeks and 1 year after it, the examination was conducted and the results were evaluated according to modified Rankine scale (MSHR) and Barthel Index (BI). We determined patients’ mortality rate within 1 year after the ischemic stroke. Their condition of cognitive functions was measured according to MMSE, MOSA and FAB scales. The volume of cortex and white matter of the cerebral hemispheres, temporal and frontal lobes were measureed (cm³) by applying MRI scanner Toshiba Vantage Titan 1,5. Workstation Vitrea was used for images post-processing.Results. Patients with MS had more common significant signs (p<0.05) of neurological status functional disorders, delayed recovery and disability. Within a year, in the main group mortality rate because of recurrent stroke was 5.06%, which was significantly higher than in the control group, where the mortality rate was 2.7%. Within a year, the process of lost functions restoring according to MSHR occurred in both groups, but in the main group, this rate was significantly lower in comparison to the control group. Patients with MS were determined to have a significant impairment of cognitive functions according to cognitive scales. However, a year later cognitive performance did not differ significantly in the main and control groups, although they declined in both groups. Volumetric parameters were determined: the volume of cortex and white matter of the cerebral hemispheres, temporal and frontal lobes (cm³). Results obtained: reduced total volume of the brain, of the temporal and frontal lobes in patients of the main group (p<0.05). Patients of both study groups were determined to have cognitive functions impairment - reduced volume of the cortex in the frontal and temporal lobes according to MMSE scale. The correlation index between cortex indicators of frontal and temporal lobes volume and the results of cognitive functions according to MMSE scale was: r = 0,62 - temporal and r = 0,59 frontal lobes indicators. Modules of correlation coefficients were within the average strength.Conclusions. Patients who have suffered from primary ischemic stroke related to MS restored their lost functions slower and the mortality rate among them was significantly higher (p<0.05) within the first year after stroke than in patients without MS. Patients had cognitive deficits related to cortex atrophy in the frontal and temporal lobes after the primary ischemic stroke. Atrophy in these areas of the cortex was more distinct (p<0.05) than in patients without MS. Positive correlation relationship was determined between cognitive performance and the degree of cortex atrophy in the frontal (r = 0.59) and temporal (r = 0.62) lobes of patients with ischemic stroke related to MS
Motivation for Learning as an Integral Part of the Educational Process in Higher Educational Establishment
Get PDFThe article presents the main ways of increasing professional motivation for learning in students of higher medical educational institutions. Training of professionally competent specialists is one of the most urgent problems of modern medical education. It requires particularly high demands on teaching clinical disciplines. With the growth of information load on students and a simultaneous reduction in the number of hours for studying these disciplines the problem of motivation formation is the primary one
Population-Based Estimation of the Prevalence of Dysplastic Dependent Pathology of Bronchopulmonary System among Children and the Risk of its Development Considering the Complex of Antenatal and Genealogical Factors
Get PDFBased on the study of the prevalence of potential genealogical and antenatal factors the most informative ones were determined. Their prognostic value was used as a criterion for assessing the risk of developing dysplastic dependent pathology of the bronchopulmonary system in children. Standardized pathometric tabular algorithm was developed using the Wald’s sequential analysis modified by Hubler EV. An example of its application at the individual level was presented. The given algorithm was verified among children of both groups using the inverse method. The type I error rate (there was a high risk in the absence of pathology) was α=12.0%, and the type II error rate (there was a low risk in the presence of pathology) was β=9.8%. The specificity of the algorithm was 91.2% and its sensitivity was 88.0% that allows us to recommend it for using in the system of medical and social monitoring
Experimental Study of Releasing Nano Zinc Oxide from Wound Healing Biodegradable Polymer Film “Biodep-Nano”
Get PDFSoft tissues pyo-inflammatory diseases and purulent processes are one of the most common complications of modern surgery. One of the main methods of topical treatment of these diseases is the use of polymer wound dressings acting in different phases of wound healing. In local treatment of wounds important issue is to achieve a therapeutic dose of available in polymer carrier drugs in the affected area as well as to preserve their action for the time being required for medical grounds, namely, prolongation of therapeutic effect.The objective of our research was to study the release of nano zinc oxide from wound healing biodegradable polymeric film “Biodep-nano” containing nano-particles.Materials and methods. We have developed a new tool for local treatment of wounds in the form of biodegradable polymer film “Biodep-nano” containing nano particles and saturated with nano zinc oxide. The research was carried out at the experimental bases of the Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, namely the laboratory “Center of Bioelementology” and the Department of General Surgery. The study of releasing active substances was performed using a colorimetric test system for precise and accurate determination of zinc in serum Aquaquant® with a sensitivity of 0.1-5 mg/l. manufactured by Merck KGaA (Germany).Results. Developed wound healing biodegradable polymer film gradually releases the active substance and nanoscale particles of nano zinc oxide from the proposed polymer composition faster than ordinary zinc oxide, which is confirmed by the experiment.Conclusions. 1. The applied methods allow us to study the release of nano oxide zinc and zinc oxide from wound healing biodegradable polymer films quantitatively. 2. Wound healing biodegradable polymer film “Biodep-nano” containing nano particles was experimentally found to be able to gradually release zinc ions into the area of injury for 2 days. 3. Nano zinc oxide releases from biodegradable film more quickly and in greater numbers than zinc oxide, which solves the problem of delivering an effective dose of the active ingredient to the affected area
Development of Methods of Surgical Preparation of the Oral Cavity for Orthopedic Treatment
Get PDFThe article describes an integrated approach to preparing patients with dentition defects living in unfavorable environmental conditions for orthopedic treatment as well as the influence of the integrated approach including special surgical preparation and correction with medicines on the bone tissue. Treatment plan and selection of dental prosthesis were considered in order to preserve the abutment teeth and the bone tissue.
Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Post-infarction Left Ventricular Aneurysm
Get PDFThe parameters of heart rate variability are known to be widely used for screening the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmia in patients with post-infarction left ventricular aneurysm. However, in literature, there are not much data on changes in heart rate variability in patients with post-infarction left ventricular aneurysm depending on different therapeutic approaches, and this issue is not sufficiently studied. The objective of the research was to study the peculiarities of heart rate variability in patients with post-infarction left ventricular aneurysms depending on therapeutic approach.Materials and methods. We analyzed heart rate variability of 238 patients with post-infarction left ventricular aneurysm. All patients were divided into 3 groups depending on therapeutic approach: optimal basic therapy, patients who underwent percutaneous coronary interventions and those after coronary artery bypass grafting. All patients underwent 24-hours standard ECG monitoring with the analysis of heart rate variability.Results. The study showed that heart rate variability of patients with post-infarction left ventricular aneurysm depended on treatment tactics; hypersympathicotonia was typical. The values of the low-frequency range in patients of Group I and Group III constituted 3103±93.6 ms2 and 3295±45.4 ms2, respectively, which was higher compared to those in the control group and Group II, р<0.05. Parasympathetic influences in patients with post-infarction left ventricular aneurysm were weakened. The analysis of the integral parameters showed that in patients with post-infarction left ventricular aneurysm the autonomous mechanisms of regulation predominated over the central ones. The centralization index was the lowest in patients of Group I and Group II, 2.9±0.3 and 2.3±0.1, respectively, being lower compared to the control group, р<0.05. The other peculiarities were detected as well.Conclusions. The parameters of heart rate variability in patients with post-infarction left ventricular aneurysm were found to depend on treatment tactics. The patients with non-surgical treatment tactics had the most unfavorable heart rate variability characteristics. They developed hypersympathicotonia and high humoral regulatory influences. The application of revascularization when treating patients with post-infarction left ventricular aneurysm using percutaneous coronary interventions can reduce the aggressive sympathetic influences, as well as the value of the Baevsky index. Revascularization with the use of coronary artery bypass grafting does not allow optimizing the autonomous imbalance, although it reduces stress index
Dynamics of Recovery of Functions of the Nasal Cavity in Patients with Aspirin-Intolerant Polypous Rhinosinusitis in the Postoperative Period
Get PDFThe article presents the issue of expediency of multimedia technologies implementation into the process of study of “Therapeutic Dentistry” and “Paediatric Therapeutic Dentistry” disciplines for training of foreign dental students with English and Russian language of tuition. The author analyses effectiveness of student’s learning of the units “Periodontal disease” and “Periodontal disease in children” presented in multimedia and traditional forms during the practical classes. The use of multimedia support ultimately improves perception and comprehension of learning material and positively affects cognitive activity of foreign students. The lecturer is time-limited during the practical classes and by means of multimedia support he can provide guidelines for students who are not always good enough in English and Russian and in subject matter. This makes classes more emotionally comfortable for the lecturer and students and increases students’ motivation and activity. It also opens new opportunities for educational process and self-education. Thus, proficient use of multimedia facilitates the communication of a lecturer and a student with English or Russian language of tuition and significantly extends and improves educational process.