Archive of Clinical Medicine
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Використання сучасних технічних засобів при вивченні хімічних дисциплін фармацевтами
Get PDFAbstract. The introduction of computer technologies into the educational process creates a special information environment that motivates students to learn chemistry disciplines. This facilitates understanding and solving many intelligent tasks, contributes to better understanding and illustrating chemical laws and phenomena. The use of modern information technologies takes students’ independent work to a new level, where both network resources of the university and publicly available Internet resources play a significant role. Responsible use of gadgets transforms them from cheating tools into the powerful source of obtaining necessary information to solve the tasks.Впровадження комп’ютерних технологій в процес навчання створює особливе інформаційне середовище, яке стимулює інтерес студентів до вивчення хімічних дисциплін. Це полегшує розуміння й вирішення багатьох завдань інтелектуального характеру, сприяє кращому розумінню та унаочненню законів та явищ хімії. Використання сучасних інформаційних технологій виводить самостійне навчання на новий рівень, де значну роль в організації навчання приділяється як мережевим ресурсам кожного ВНЗ, так і загальнодоступних ресурсів інтернету. Свідоме використання гаджетів перетворює їх з засобів списування на потужне джерело отримання необхідної інформації для розв’язання навчальних завдань
Ensuring the Quality of Higher Education Under Current Conditions
Get PDFAbstract. In the present conditions, especially during a pandemic, higher education requires academic staff to master and implement innovative methods of teaching and learning based on information programs, knowledge transfer systems. The tasks of interactive educational forms are as follows: awakening students’ interest; motivating students to solve the problem under study; effective mastering educational material; independent searching for the methods and options how to solve the educational task; interactions between students; teamwork skills; tolerance for any point of view; forming students’ own opinion, life and professional skills; reaching the level of student’s conscious competence. After analyzing our research, we can state that interactive learning creates an environment of educational communication, which is characterized by openness, equal-footing interaction of participants, accumulation of mutual knowledge, that provides high motivation, strength of knowledge, creativity, sociability, active life position, preservation of individuality, freedom of expression, mutual respect.
This paper examined the current problems of innovative technologies and teaching methods in modern higher education, as the tendency to humanization and humanitarization of the content of medical education has intensified, new academic disciplines have been introduced and, consequently, the need for academic staff, who could provide an innovative approach to implementing these trends during the educational process, has been increased. It is significant that today teachers are able to create and implement their own innovative methods. In addition, the paper focused on the safety of the educational environment of higher education. Information security is especially important, as nowadays the information media have an extremely big impact on the student environment.В умовах сьогодення, особливо під час пандемії, вища освіта вимагає від науково-педагогічних працівників опанування і впровадження інноваційних методів навчання й викладання, заснованих на інформаційних програмах, системах передання знань. Задачі інтерактивних форм навчання: пробудження інтересу, мотивація студентів до досліджуваної проблеми; ефективне засвоєння навчального матеріалу; самостійний пошук шляхів та варіантів вирішення поставленої навчальної задачі; взаємодії між студентами, навички роботи в команді, прояв терпимості до будь-якої точки зору; формування у студентів власної думки, життєвих і професійних навичок; вихід на рівень усвідомленої компетентності студента. Проаналізувавши наші дослідження, ми переконалися, що при інтерактивному навчанні створюється середовище освітнього спілкування, яке характеризується відкритістю, взаємодією учасників на рівних правах, накопиченням спільних знань, що дозволяє забезпечити високу мотивацію, міцність знань, творчість, комунікабельність, активну життєву позицію, збереження індивідуальності, свободу самовираження, взаємоповагу.
Дана стаття розглядає актуальні проблеми інноваційних технологій і методів навчання в сучасній вищій освіті, оскільки посилилася тенденція до гуманізації і гуманітаризації змісту навіть медичної освіти, введено нові навчальні дисципліни і, як наслідок, зросла потреба в науково-педагогічних працівниках, які змогли б забезпечити інноваційний підхід до реалізації цих тенденцій під час навчально-виховного процесу. Показово, що викладачі отримали можливість створювати і втілювати власні інноваційні методики. Крім того, у статті акцентована увага на проблемах безпеки освітнього середовища вищої освіти. Особливо важливою є інформаційна безпека, тому що в наш час надзвичайно великий вплив мають інформаційні засоби на студентське середовище
СТОРОННІ ТІЛА ПОРОЖНИНИ НОСА У ДОРОСЛИХ
No full textSeveral cases of foreign bodies in adults’ nasal cavities have been analyzed. There were represented some peculiarities of clinical course, diagnostics and medical care providing.Сторонні тіла потрапляють у ніс за різних обставин. Частіше вони зустрічаються у дітей, які ховають у порожнині носа дрібні іграшки або їх частинки, металеві кульки, зерна бобових, злаків, кісточки вишень тощо. Іноді психічно хворі особи вводять собі в ніс сторонні тіла. Під час виробничих травм у порожнину носа може потрапити розплавлений метал, уламки скла, металу, каміння тощо. Харчові продукти стають сторонніми тілами під час блювання чи прийому їжі, особливо у хворих з парезом м’ягкого піднебіння. При знаходженні стороннього тіла в порожнині носа тривалий час утворюється риноліт.
Проведено аналіз декількох окремих випадків сторонніх тіл порожнини носа у дорослих. Представлено особливості клінічного перебігу, діагностики та надання медичної допомоги
Learning and Teaching Support for Modular-Rating Educational System
Get PDFThe main purpose of the modular system is to change organizational foundations of the pedagogical process in higher education to those that would ensure its substantial democratization and the conditions for a real change in the student’s role in learning (from the object to the subject of this process), provide the educational process with the necessary flexibility, introduce the principle of teaching individualization.
The regulation on the organization of the educational process in higher educational institutions determines scientific and methodical support that includes the State Standards for Specialties (Course Description, Educational and Professional Program), the curriculum, the syllabus for all normative and elective disciplines, discipline-specific teaching materials, the programs of practices of various kinds, textbooks, manuals, instructional and methodical guidelines, tasks for final, current and state control, etc.
The modular-rating and credit-modular educational systems require a detailed development of the system of learning and teaching support considering students’ individual characteristics to form a methodological culture of thinking of general phenomena and patterns of developing the physical world, as well as the ability of interdisciplinary synthesis and a deep understanding of scientific and professional tasks. The role a teacher plays in the system of such training is to motivate, determine the level of knowledge, consult and inform students, while students transform from passive listeners to active participants of the educational process. Such training enables students to study at their own pace, considering their own abilities and temperament.
The teaching and methodical complex on the discipline is the system of normative, methodical and didactic documents that determine the objectives of learning, the content of an academic discipline, didactically and scientifically substantiated sequence, methods and means of the formation of knowledge, skills, abilities, professional and civic qualities in students
Case Report: False-Positive Dengue Non-Structural Protein 1 Antigen in a Patient with COVID-19 Infection
Get PDFAbstract: Early diagnosis of dengue fever and COVID-19 is made very easy due to technological advancements. The non-structural protein 1 antigen test strips are widely used in various regions; however, false-positive events have begun to be reported in the dengue-endemic areas with the COVID-19 pandemic, even though statistically non-structural protein 1 antigens are very specific to dengue infection. We reported a case of the false-positive non-structural protein 1 test in a patient with COVID-19 infection
International Medical Consensus Documents and Guidelines as the Basis for Getting Knowledge of Clinical Disciplines by Students
Get PDFThe latest data on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with specific diseases are primarily accumulated in the international consensus documents and guidelines according to scientific evidence. In Ukraine, these documents are used mainly by the scientists who present the results of their clinical trials at various congresses and professional association meetings. As for Ukrainian students, the textbooks remain the main source of their knowledge; due to a long process of their preparing and publishing, they do not keep pace with rapid changes in the international documents. One way to solve the problem described is to reorient the methodology of training students. The fundamental postulates of such training should be as follows: the study of each disease semiotics should be based on the universally accepted criteria for its diagnosis described in the latest consensus documents, and the study of treatment methods for each disease should be based on the most important international guidelines according to scientific evidence. The tasks mentioned above can be implemented through teachers’ focusing on information taken from the international guidelines and consensus documents, introducing references to these documents in the methodological materials for students, increasing students’ English proficiency, creating database for the exams on the basis of the international guidelines and consensus documents, and clear agreement of Ukrainian and international medical terminology. The implementation of all the above mentioned is not an easy task, as the introduction of any changes requires appropriate funding including labor compensation for those who provide this introduction. However, without an operative system of acquainting students with the latest achievements in medical science supported by consensus documents of the universally recognized international medical organizations, Ukrainian medicine will not be able to keep pace with global medicine, and medical graduates, at the start of their career, will lag behind their colleagues abroad
Effectiveness of Treating Patients with Stable Ischemic Heart Disease and Co-Existent Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation with Mebicar
Get PDFAtrial fibrillation is a disturbance of heart rhythm, which is characterized by frequent contractions of atrial muscle fibers. Stable ischemic heart disease, arterial hypertension, heart failure, obesity are risk factors for progression of atrial fibrillation. Psycho-emotional stress, anxiety and depression can be the cause of atrial fibrillation paroxysm as well.
The objective of the research was to study the effect of mebicаr in the treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation considering anxiety-depressive symptoms.
Materials and Methods. Observations were performed on patients with stable ischemic heart disease and co-existent paroxysmal atrial fibrillation using clinico-psychopathological research method (structured interview). The level of stress was determined on the L. Rider scale and the 10-Item perceived stress scale; the level of anxiety and depression was determined by means of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. The evaluation of the free radical oxidation state was carried out using a spectrophotometric method to determine the activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase in the blood serum.
Results. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the higher the level of anxiety-depressive disorders, the more frequent paroxysms of atrial fibrillation. High level of stress was found in 37.50% of men (p<0.01) and 31.25% of women (p<0.05) in Group 2b. The manifestations of the clinical level of anxiety and depression in men of Group 2b (p<0.05) were detected.
Conclusions. The analysis of electrocardiogram indices showed the signs of atrial fibrillation (p<0.05), repolarization abnormalities (p<0.001), left ventricular hypertrophy (p<0.05), and the appearance of extrasystoles (p<0.001). Echocardiographic indices showed the signs of diffuse cardiosclerosis, severe left atrial dilatation (p<0.05) and reduced myocardial contractility, which was statistically confirmed. The use of anxiolytic medication – mebicar – during treatment helped significantly improve the clinical and hemodynamic parameters, which confirmed treatment effectiveness
Peculiarities of the Course and Provision of Medical Care to Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome in the Precarpathian Region
Get PDFAbstract. Cardiovascular diseases are the first ones in mortality among other diseases. Particular attention should be paid to patients after acute coronary syndrome, since their quality of life, the possibility of restoration of work capacity.
Objective of the research. To evaluate indicators of medical care provision for patients with acute coronary syndrome in the Precarpathian region.
Materials and methods. The medical-geographical indicators, data of the local registry (2014-2018) included clinical and objective parameters, peculiarities of the course, rehabilitation and treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome.
Results. The peculiarities of the course of acute coronary syndrome, clinical characteristics of patients depend on the form of IHD and the applied method of ACS treatment. There is an increase of the number of PCI performance and the reduction of TLT, the percentage of admission of patients up to 2 hours remains low. The increase of PCI performed in the districts of the region in the dynamics from 2014 to 2018 has been determined, as well as the geographical peculiarities of the Ivano-Frankivsk region. The percentage of patients’ undergoing rehabilitation after acute coronary syndrome remains low.
Conclusions. The Precarpathian region has a number peculiarities that are related to the location of the region. Taking into account the characteristics will contribute to the improvement of the organizational model of medical care provision in the region
Clinical Features, Course and Indicators of Endothelial Function and Systemic Immune-Inflammatory Response in Patients with Chronic Coronary Artery Disease Depending on Affected Coronary Artery Number
Get PDFIn Ukraine, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and rank second among primary diseases. Nowadays the most common cardiovascular disease is coronary artery disease that accounts for 33.7% of total cardiovascular pathology cases.
The objective of the research was to study clinical manifestations and indicators of endothelial function and immune-inflammatory response in the patients with coronary artery disease, heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction depending on affected coronary artery number.
Materials and methods. The study included 62 patients with chronic coronary artery disease, heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction who underwent coronary artery stenting. Among the examined patients, males prevailed – 52 (83.9%) individuals. All the patients were randomized according to the number of the affected coronary arteries and divided into two groups. Clinical manifestations were studied; the patients’ quality of life was assessed; the functional state of the myocardium was determined according to the six-minute walk test; the indicators of endothelial dysfunction were analyzed by endothelin-l level; the indicators of immune inflammatory response were analyzed by serum levels of C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor.
Results. In the examined patients, the clinical course did not depend on the number of the affected coronary arteries; however, to reduce the incidence of cardiac pain, the patients with multivessel coronary artery disease received 2±0.1 extra nitroglycerin tablets.
Conclusions. Quality of life and physical well-being were better in the patients with single-vessel coronary artery disease (p<0.05). Myocardial functional reserves were lower in the patients with multivessel coronary artery disease (p<0.05), while the intensity of immune inflammation and endothelial dysfunction reduced in case of multivessel coronary artery disease that confirmed a strong correlation between the indicators of tumor necrosis factor and endothelin-l
Dynamics of Indicators of Structural and Functional State of the Heart in the Post-Infarction Period Depending on the Presence of Decompensated Heart Failure
Get PDFEchocardiographic indicators in decompensated heart failure demonstrate a high prevalence of structural and hemodynamic abnormalities. In the patients with decompensated heart failure in the early and late post-infarction period, echocardiographic indicators were found to significantly differ from those recorded in the patients without heart failure. Thus, reduced ejection fraction, increased end-diastolic volume and end-diastolic dimension indicate left ventricular systolic dysfunction and left ventricular cavity dilation. Since echocardiography of the heart and the pulmonary artery enables real-time estimation of cardiac filling, signs of systolic dysfunction and pulmonary congestion, it may serve as a predictor of decompensated heart failure development in the early and late post-infarction period.
The objective of the research was to determine the main echocardiographic indicators in terms of rapid monitoring of deterioration in the main parameters of left ventricular overload for early diagnosis of decompensated heart failure, as well as structural and geometric remodeling of left ventricular myocardium in the early and late post-infarction period.
Materials and methods. There were examined 160 patients with acute myocardial infarction. Depending on the development of decompensated heart failure in the early and late post-infarction period, the patients were divided into two subgroups being homogeneous by age and gender.
Results. The results obtained indicated significant hemodynamic changes in the patients with decompensated heart failure in the post-infarction period. They included significantly lower values of ejection fraction indicating left ventricular systolic dysfunction and the signs of left ventricular cavity dilation as evidenced by the increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume and end-diastolic dimension. The tendency for an increase in left ventricular posterior wall thickness and interventricular septal thickness, as well as left ventricular myocardial mass, left ventricular myocardial mass index and left ventricular radius to wall thickness ratio indicated concentric left ventricular remodeling.
Conclusions. Modern management of patients with decompensated heart failure should be guided by an objective value of left ventricular ejection fraction as it plays a key role in selecting management strategy for this cohort of patients since a significant reduction in this parameter indicates cardiac decompensation. Pulmonary artery pressure and concentric left ventricular hypertrophy play a significant role in cardiac failure development as well.