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Polish-Jewish heritage in teaching Polish as a foreign language. Selected issues
No full textThe Polish-Jewish heritage is an important part of Polish culture and, as such, should also be a subject of reflection in Polish language glottodidactics. This article attempts to summarize the existing solutions applied in this area by authors of educational publications for teachers of Polish as a foreign language and presents lesson plans on selected aspects of Polish-Jewish cultural heritage for participants of courses at various proficiency levels. For the purpose of the article, a survey of popular textbooks and a questionnaire among Polish language instructors were conducted. These revealed the need to consider including topics related to Polish-Jewish cultural connections, as well as the broader contributions of minorities that have shaped Polish culture over centuries, in Polish language course curricula.Dziedzictwo polsko-żydowskie jest ważną częścią polskiej kultury i jako takie powinno być także przedmiotem refleksji glottodydaktyki polonistycznej. Artykuł jest próbą zrekapitulowania dotychczasowych rozwiązań stosowanych w tym obszarze przez autorów publikacji dydaktycznych dla nauczycieli jpjo oraz prezentacją projektów zajęć o wybranych zagadnieniach polsko-żydowskiego dziedzictwa kulturowego dla uczestników kursów na różnych poziomach zaawansowania. Na potrzeby artykułu przeprowadzono kwerendę popularnych podręczników do nauczania jpjo oraz ankietę wśród lektorów języka polskiego, które wykazały potrzebę namysłu nad włączeniem do programów kursów nauczania polszczyzny zagadnień dotyczących polsko-żydowskich związków kulturowych, a także szerzej mniejszości współtworzących przez wieki polską kulturę
Restrictions on Employer Access to Employee Health Data
No full textOne of the key duties of the employer is to ensure safe and hygienic working conditions for employees, which means that he must ensure that the health status of employees performing work does not adversely affect the health and lives of others. Achieving this objective therefore requires the employer to have knowledge of the employee's health status. By gaining access to information on health status, the employer simultaneously collects and processes personal data on the health of employees. However, access to the data is not unfettered and its scope is limited to strictly defined information. The purpose of this article is to determine the nature of these restrictions from the perspective of personal data protection.Jednym z kluczowych obowiązków pracodawcy jest zapewnienie pracownikom bezpiecznych i higienicznych warunków pracy, co oznacza, że musi on zagwarantować, że stan zdrowia pracowników świadczących pracę nie wpływa negatywnie na zdrowie i życie pozostałych osób. Realizacja tego celu wymaga zatem od pracodawcy posiadania wiedzy na temat stanu zdrowia pracownika. Pozyskując dostęp do informacji na temat stanu zdrowia, pracodawca jednocześnie gromadzi i przetwarza dane osobowe dotyczące zdrowia pracowników. Dostęp do danych nie jest jednak nieskrępowany, a ich zakres jest ograniczony do ściśle określonych informacji. Celem artykułu jest określenie charakteru tych ograniczeń z punktu widzenia ochrony danych osobowych
“The Last Generation Able to Change Everything” – Thematic and Formal Correspondences Between Polish and French Slogans Taken from the Placards of Young Environmental Activists
No full textThis article analyses thematic and lexical correspondences between the Polish and French slogans used during youth climate protests. Based on a corpus of 500 slogans per country, collected online between 2018 and 2023, it identifies three types of correspondence: complete, partial, and absence of correspondence. Complete correspondences share lexical and syntactic similarities and express a universal call for environmental change. Partial correspondences share similar themes despite formal differences. The absence of correspondence stems from local issues, untranslatable wordplay, or specific cultural contexts. The study highlights both the cultural specificity of the slogans and global concerns about climate change. It also explores the global and local dimensions of slogan production: global through complete and partial correspondences, and local through culturally rooted mismatches. The research shows how language reflects identity and collective thinking around shared goals.Cet article analyse les correspondances thématiques et lexicales entre les slogans polonais et français utilisés lors des manifestations écologiques des jeunes. À partir d’un corpus de 500 slogans par pays, recueillis en ligne entre 2018 et 2023, trois types de correspondance sont distingués : complète, partielle et absence de correspondance. Les correspondances complètes présentent des similarités lexicales et syntaxiques et expriment des appels universels à l’action environnementale. Les correspondances partielles révèlent des proximités thématiques malgré des différences formelles. L’absence de correspondance résulte d’enjeux locaux, de jeux de mots intraduisibles ou de références culturelles spécifiques. L’étude met en lumière la tension entre dimension mondiale et ancrage local : la mondialité s’exprime dans les correspondances complètes et partielles, tandis que la localité se manifeste dans l’absence de correspondance. Elle souligne ainsi la spécificité linguistique et culturelle des slogans, tout en révélant des préoccupations globales face à la crise climatique
Znaczenie kodyfikacji postępowania administracyjnego dla ochrony praw jednostki w Kazachstanie
No full textThe article is an attempt to assess the functioning of the Code of Administrative Procedure of the Republic of Kazakhstan of 2020 in practice after 3 years of its application. A characteristic feature of this Code is that it covers both the proceedings of administrative bodies and proceedings before administrative courts, and its purpose is to raise the level of quality of public administration, as well as to consolidate the principles of judicial control of administration. The author draws attention to the strengths of this legal act, so important during the period of intensive systemic transformation in Kazakhstan. Its most important advantages include codification of general principles of procedure and definition of basic normative concepts. At the same time, she indicates a number of shortcomings of the legal regulation. She considers the most important to be the leaving of some disputes in the field of public law within the jurisdiction of ordinary courts. She sees an insufficient level of legal protection, in particular, in cases of administrative penalties for administrative offenses that have not been covered by the regulation of the Code of Administrative Procedure, despite their administrative nature.Artykuł jest próbą oceny funkcjonowania w praktyce Kodeksu postępowania administracyjnego Republiki Kazachstanu z 2020 r. po 3 latach jego obowiązywania. Cechą charakterystyczną tego Kodeksu jest objęcie jego regulacją zarówno postępowania organów administracji, jak i postępowania przed sądami administracyjnymi, a jego celem – podniesienie poziomu jakości administracji publicznej, a także utrwalenie zasad sądowej kontroli administracji. Autorka zwraca uwagę na mocne strony tego aktu prawnego, tak istotnego w okresie intensywnej transformacji ustrojowej w Kazachstanie. Do najważniejszych jego zalet zalicza skodyfikowanie zasad ogólnych postępowania oraz zdefiniowanie podstawowych pojęć normatywnych. Wskazuje jednocześnie na szereg niedostatków regulacji prawnej. Za najważniejsze uważa pozostawienie niektórych sporów z zakresu prawa publicznego w ramach właściwości sądów powszechnych. Niedostateczny poziom ochrony prawnej dostrzega w szczególności w sprawach kar administracyjnych za wykroczenia administracyjne, które nie zostały objęte regulacją Kodeksu postępowania administracyjnego, mimo że mają administracyjną naturę
The model of preparatory proceedings in the polish criminal process
No full textThe model of preparatory proceedings in Polish criminal law in a comparative legal context has not yet been the subject of a comprehensive study based on the current Code of Criminal Procedure. The research thesis adopted in the study is that polish criminal proceedings, in terms of preparatory proceedings regulation, are inconsistent both internally and in relation to an objective standard.
The hypothesis of the study is the assumption that the model of preparatory proceedings in Polish criminal law exhibits certain inconsistencies. Until now, preparatory proceedings models have been described as concrete systems, such as the french or german models.
This study will aim, through the use of the comparative method, to reconstruct a model of preparatory proceedings in abstracto. It will be developed based on the identification of model features found in the most representative models within the civil law tradition.After identifying the model features of the most representative legal systems, a reconstruction of the abstract model of preparatory proceedings will be undertaken, combining selected solutions.
Subsequently, having obtained this theoretical model, the preparatory proceedings in the polish Code of Criminal Procedure will be described using formal-dogmatic methods. To ultimately answer the main question, the polish model will be compared to the abstract model. Only this comparison will provide the answer to what the model of preparatory proceedings in the Polish Code of Criminal Procedure is and whether it is consistent. This offers a metadogmatic perspective, as the question is not about what kind of model arises from the provisions but rather what model emerges when compared to another (abstract) model
Is there a state’s science policy in Poland?
No full textThe paper constitutes an analysis of percent of scientific titles given in consecutive research areas and funding allocations given for research grant performed in research areas – areas where the government is able to act directly. On this base, implementation and existence of state’s science policy is examined.Analysis of percent of given scientific titles was presented in this paper – observed results are not coherent with official state’s science policy. Additionally, it was shown that the number of given titles in 2017 was the lowest over the last 25 years.The funding allocation for grants in consecutive research areas was analysed too. In this area, no influence of state’s science policy was observed. W artykule przeanalizowano obszary działalności, na które państwo ma bezpośredni wpływ: nadane w poszczególnych obszarach tytuły profesora i środki przyznane na finansowanie projektów badawczych. Na tej podstawie sprawdzano realizację zadeklarowanej polityki naukowej państwa.Przeanalizowano procentowy udział liczby nadanych tytułów naukowych dla kolejnych obszarów nauki – obserwowane wyniki nie są zgodne z oficjalną polityką naukową państwa. Stwierdzono przy tym, że liczba nadanych w 2017 roku tytułów naukowych była najniższa od co najmniej 25 lat.Sprawdzono również jak rozkłada się finasowanie projektów badawczych na poszczególne obszary wiedzy. Tu również zauważono brak wpływu oficjalnej polityki naukowej.
Response to the Polemic Regarding the Review of Research on Population Losses in the Wola District During the Warsaw Uprising of 1944
No full textThis response draws attention to the purpose of the original 2024 article, presents general remarks on the polemic text, and discusses the allegations concerning the review of research and the comparative study regarding: The number of victims of mass executions, the size of the German pacification forces, and the area and population of the Wola district. Finally, it addresses the relevance of the findings of the original article in light of the criticisms raised in the polemic
Ukrainian Classical Music in the Public Sphere Amid the Russo-Ukrainian War: 2022–2023
No full textThis article discusses the state of Ukrainian classical music during the first years of the full-scale Russian invasion, the understanding of which requires familiarity with the historical context and the rhetoric of post-colonial studies. The cultural confrontation between Ukraine and Russia reached its peak during this period, leading to a significant decline in the promotion and performance of Russian classical music both within Ukraine and internationally. Since 2022, a shift in the Ukrainian musical landscape—marked by the revitalisation of repertoire politics and an active process of derussification has been observed. This positive development is demonstrated in Ukraine’s opera houses and their ongoing repertory renewal: this includes Kateryna by Oleksandr Rodin (Odesa), Fearful Revenge by Ievhen Stankovych (Lviv), and Vyshyvanyi. The King of Ukraine by Alla Zahaikevych (Kharkiv). The Ukrainian opera Chornobyldorf by Roman Hryhoriv and Illia Razumetskyi is regarded as one of the best modern repertory operas. The staging of Genesis. Opera of Memory by the same authors in the Khanenko Museum (Kyiv, 2022) has become a new phenomenon in Ukrainian musical life. The Nova Opera group presented the Art of War opera by the young composer Serhii Vilka, based on a libretto by Myroslav Laiuk. Classical works by Ukrainian composers are also being reconceptualised: Lviv Opera presented an action version of Cossacks Beyond the Danube by Semen Hulak-Artemovskyi.Global interest in the works of Ukrainian classical music has increased; therefore, the online repository of works by local composers (the number of records on the Ukrainian Live Classic app platform rose from 500 to 1700, representing the creativity of more than 70 authors) has been developed. The renowned promoter of Ukrainian classical music is the Days of Ukrainian Music in Warsaw’ festival, which has been held since 1999 (founded by Roman Rewakowicz). The world tours of the Ukrainian Freedom Orchestra (initiated by the Metropolitan Opera and Polish National Opera) and the Kyiv Symphony Orchestra, whose programmes are based on Ukrainian music, occur within the framework of cultural diplomacy. In November 2022, during the United Kingdom–Ukraine Season of Culture, a festival of new and experimental music took place in Huddersfield with the participation of Ukrainian performers. The ‘Solidarity Project’ is an invitation from Ukrainian composers to collaborate with the Metropolitan Opera. However, there remains a lack of professional discussion regarding national classical music in the Ukrainian media landscape. Departments specialising in the post-colonial studies of Russian culture, in which Ukrainian culture has existed on the sidelines for a long time, are currently being established