University of Łódź
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego (University of Lodz Repository)Not a member yet
51202 research outputs found
Sort by
Decaying Bodily Zones: Ecohorror in Lina Meruane’s Novel "Fruta Podrida"
No full textFear related to climate change has become an indispensable element of contemporary world literature, including Latin American literature. To describe this global problem, modern humanities and literature employ new tools such as the genre of ecohorror, which allows for research into literature while considering a non-human perspective. In this article, I explore the facets of ecohorror, emerging from ecocritical thought, in the novel Fruta podrida [Rotten fruit] by the Chilean author Lina Meruane. I examine the main characters — half-sisters María and Zoila — focusing on their complex relationship, centered on the conflict arising from the illness of the younger sister. An essential part of my work is to describe how, through the fusion of the concept of the diseased body with the decaying fruit, Meruane creates a modern narrative style. Then, using Michel Foucault’s term “biopolitics,” I present the difficult situation of the collective protagonists in Meruane’s novel, also highlighting the specificity of the region in which the story is set. Another element of this article is emphasizing the importance of the character Zoila and the theme of her relationship with the ailing body, which reflects the contemporary concept of the body in the age of posthumanist transformations. Drawing on Susan Sontag’s ideas and her metaphor of illness, I analyze Meruane’s bodily narrative and the “language of the organism,” as named by the protagonist, which, in the context of the novel, becomes one of the main conceptual and interpretative tools. In my work, I demonstrate that the prose of the Chilean author represents new trends in contemporary Latin American literature, fitting into the ecocritical discourse on global issues
System e-transport do przewozu towarów w Rumunii i Polsce. Nowoczesny faustbuch w cyfrowej regulacji fiskalnej
No full textThis paper aims to provide an overview of the e-Transport System through an ingenious analogy with the Faustian pact envisioned by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in his tragedy Faust. Additionally, the paper conducts a comparative legal analysis between Romania and selected few other countries that have implemented a similar e-Transport system, with a particular focus on Poland. Moreover, the paper presents a diverse collection of industry examples, crafted to enrich the exploration of fiscal regulations while shedding light on evolving trends and pressing challenges encountered by lawmakers, businesses, and consumers alike. We target both the technological solutions through a holistic view of the industry as well as the regulatory layers of the fiscal system in the field.Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie przeglądu systemu e-Transport poprzez pomysłową analogię do paktu faustowskiego, który Johann Wolfgang von Goethe przewidział w swojej tragedii Faust. Ponadto artykuł przeprowadza porównawczą analizę prawną między Rumunią a kilkoma innymi krajami, które wdrożyły podobny system e-Transport, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem Polski. Ponadto artykuł gromadzi zróżnicowany zbiór przykładów branżowych, opracowanych w celu wzbogacenia eksploracji przepisów fiskalnych, a jednocześnie rzucających światło na ewoluujące trendy i pilne wyzwania napotykane przez prawodawców, przedsiębiorstwa i konsumentów. Skupiamy się zarówno na rozwiązaniach technologicznych poprzez holistyczne spojrzenie na branżę, jak i na regulacyjnych warstwach systemu fiskalnego w terenie
Twists and turns of biblical terminology, the language and symbolism of The Book of Revelation in T.S. Eliot’s The hollow men and Cz. Miłosz’s The song on the end of the world
No full textPierwsza część artykułu poświęcona jest krytycznemu przeglądowi publikacji naukowych autorstwa współczesnych polskich biblistów i opracowań encyklopedycznych podejmujących tematykę biblijną, ze szczególną uwagą poświęconą definiowaniu i/lub opisowi takich terminów, jak: ‘apokalipsa’, ‘biblia’, ‘stary testament’, ‘objawienie’, ‘język biblii’, oraz wybranej problematyce przekładu Biblii na język polski. Krytyczne spojrzenie na definicje wymienionych terminów i porównanie tych definicji z pierwotnymi ich znaczeniami w czasie, kiedy zostały wprowadzone do religijnego i kulturowego obiegu cywilizacyjnego, ukazuje dominację interpretacji chrześcijańskiej, również w odniesieniu do pojęć wywodzących się z judaizmu, i tym samym minimalizuje, jeżeli wręcz nie zaciera judaistycznych korzeni chrześcijaństwa. W drugiej części zwięźle omówione jest wykorzystanie symboliki i języka Księgi Objawienia w poemacie T.S. Eliota (Thomas Stearns Eliot) The hollow men i w wierszu Czesława Miłosza Piosenka
o końcu świata
Zombie as Victim in Film, TV Series, and Video Games
No full textThe visual culture of the 21st century has reimagined the zombie. The zombie figure has started appearing in every corner of contemporary pop culture, particularly over the last two decades, captivating audiences with outbreak narratives on screens. The main point of my research is to elucidate how and why the zombie figure has transformed from a mindless, slowly-strolling monster in Night of the Living Dead (1968) by George A. Romero to fast, re-introduced apocalyptic zombies in the newest Resident Evil (2023) or to the excluded, outcasted monster in TV Shows such as as iZombie (2015) or In the Flash (2013–2014). My goal is to demonstrate that the figure of a zombie aligns with the concepts of “the Other” and “the Abject,” depicting monsters that are victims of human oppression, rather than perpetrators. On the literary level, the zombie apocalypse exposes a range of societal fears and traumas, not only related to death or epidemiological threats, but also fears associated with the economy, including corporate realms, capitalistic structures, economic crises, and political and social systems. They challenge the boundaries of submission and resistance, as well as those of race, sex, nation, and national identity. Following that, I aim to answer what a zombie is in modern texts, why we are afraid of it, and what we are so scared of outside the screen
International migration; a comprehensive framework for a survey of the literature
No full textThis paper describes intemational migration in a changing political and economic environment. Recent trends in migration cannot be fully cxplained by convential economic labour demand and supply approaches, since migration flows have increased despite the limited job opportunities in the regions of destination. A different approach which explains the recent migration flows is developed within the systems approach. Using this approach, this paper introduces a conceptual framework which depicts migration motives and decisions and the factors which influence these decisions. An overview of macroeconomic foctors influencing the migration decision is given and policies, which to a large extent determine whether migration is possible or not, are described. Furthermore, the labour market consequences of migration are described. lt is found that the impact of immigrants on the host countries is usually positivc. However, these results are mainly found in the United States and therefore have no universal validity. In Europe, these findings may he somewhat different due to the different institutional settings. Furthemore, immigrant groups are not equally distributed throughout the country but are often conccntrated in city areas. Research should therefore he concentrated on the effects at the urban level
Royal Coronation Rite in Aleksander Gwagnin’s Chronicle – Historical and Liturgical Conditions and Theology
No full textIn the introduction to the article, the author takes into consideration the source from which Gwagnin drew when describing the coronation rite. An analysis of the structure of the rite and its comparison to liturgical books suggests that Gwagnin’s description is based on the liturgical book, which was a compilation of two pontificals. The core is Pontificalis liber (Piccolomini) (from 1485) to which few rites and prayers, taken from the ponticifals used in Poland, were added. The author makes an effort to present reasons for changes in the rite. Then the author presents texts of the prayers, their translation and discusses the prayers and accompanying gestures. The author attempts to describe the Christian vision of the authority and the king. The obligations and the attributes of the king were presented. Attention was drawn to the monarch’s responsibility for the moral state of a society. The author mentions that before a dogmatic definition of the number of sacraments (The Council of Trent) the coronation rite might have been understood as a sacrament.We wprowadzeniu do artykułu autor podejmuje rozważania na temat źródła, z którego czerpał Gwagnin dokonując opisu obrzędu koronacji. Analiza struktury obrzędu i porównanie jej z księgami liturgicznymi pozwalają przypuszczać, że opis Gwagnina oparty jest na księdze liturgicznej, która była kompilacją dwóch ceremoniałów. Bazę stanowi Pontificalis liber (Piccolomini) (z 1485 roku), do którego dodano obrzędy i modlitwy z używanych w Polsce pontyfikałów. Autor stara się wskazać możliwe przyczyny zmian w ceremoniach koronacyjnych. Następnie przedstawia teksty modlitw, ich tłumaczenie oraz omawia modlitwy i towarzyszące im gesty. Autor podejmuje próbę przedstawienia chrześcijańskiej wizji władzy i władcy. Wymieniono zobowiązania oraz właściwe przymioty króla. Zwrócono uwagę na odpowiedzialność władcy za stan moralny społeczeństwa. Wskazano również, że przed dogmatycznym określeniem liczby sakramentów (Sobór Trydencki) obrzęd koronacji królewskiej mógł być rozumiany jako sakrament
Achievements and conflicts of modernisation in Hungary
No full textSocio-economic modernisation of ex-Soviet-Block countries means both an adaptation to the Western democracies and an effort to decrease econornic differences. lt requires socio-econornic restructuring, growth and the maintenance of a delicate balance - all simultaneously. The 1989-1996 period of transition in Hungary is characterised by potentially connicting objectives, changing priorities, and necessarily concurrent processes becoming sequential. Democratisation has made power-sharing between the central and local governments an issue. Creating a market economy is expensive. The process touches on questions of national sovereignty, causing conflicts between foreign and domestic interests, end leads to social, economic and regional differentiation and polarisation
The Influence of English-Language Translations of Horror Literature in 1990–1995 on Polish Productions of the Genre Emerging After 1989
No full textThe article is devoted to the formation of a new horizon of expectations towards horror literature, which appeared on the literary market and was influenced by translations between the years 1989–1995. At the same time, it was a period of economic transformation from an economic model of top-down control to one subordinated by the rules of the free market, in which the book(resp. literature) became a commodity, subordinated like any other to the market mechanisms of supply and demand. As a result, the book market was dominated by books that were not always artistically valuable, but widely read (this explains the popularity of second-rate authors in Poland, who had their own publishing series in publishing houses).The beginning of the transformation in the understanding of the essence of horror fiction was associated with the appearance on the Polish book market of translations from English-language literature, which dominated popular literature of the time. Even then, it was also possible to notice that the translations — dominating the readers’ stock market — could not be reduced to a single, dominant concept of horror fantasy. This is because it appeared on the Vistula with the following problematic and thematic trends: (1) emphasizing corporeality as a source of horror, resulting from the “adventures of the body” — both non-normative, disciplined, and subjected to variously motivated interference; (2) emphasizing the uncanny as an immanent feature of existence; (3) problematizing the issue of the species hegemony of man treated in traditional culture as the “crown of creation”; (4) rooted in locality and finding sources of horror in it. The problematic and thematic trends of horror stories listed here, which can be found in the translations from 1989–1995, dominated Polish literature to such an extent that it — insofar as it appeared on the readers’ market — copied proven (in terms of plot, but also marketing) patterns, inspired by Western translations
Sarmacyja Europska Dressed in Polish Attire: On the Subtle Influence of the Translator on Aleksander Gwagnin’s Chronicle (Linguist’s Observations)
No full textAleksander Gwagnin’s Sarmatiae Europeae descriptio was translated into Polish and published under the title Kronika Sarmacyjej europskiej. Marcin Paszkowski contributed to this endeavor, but despite numerous source-based and intertextual analyses, the precise nature of his work remains unclear. This article approaches the issue from a linguistic perspective, which has not been previously explored. The observations are preliminary and aim to provide linguistic evidence to shed light on the relationship between the author and the translator, as well as to elucidate the process of creating the Polish-language version of the chronicle. The study examines the narration in both linguistic versions, highlighting the use of firstperson forms “I” (ja) and “we” (my), along with the pronouns “our” (nasz) and “your” (wasz). Quantitative analyses revealed that the Polish text is more strongly what the Latin oriented toward building a relationship with Polish readers and portraying the narrator as a member of the Polish national community. This suggests that Paszkowski’s role extended beyond that of a translator to that of a co-author who enriched the chronicle with new elements and imbued it with a fresh tone.Sarmatiae Europeae descriptio Aleksandra Gwagnina została przełożona na język polski i opublikowana pod tytułem Kronika Sarmacyjej europskiej. Wkład w realizację przedsięwzięcia miał Marcin Paszkowski, jednak – mimo licznych analiz źródłoznawczych i intertekstualnych – nie udało się ustalić, na czym dokładnie polegała praca Polaka. W artykule na problem ten spojrzano z nieuwzględnianej dotąd perspektywy językoznawczej. Obserwacje mają charakter wstępny, a ich celem jest dostarczenie argumentów językowych, które pozwolą rzucić nieco światła na relacje między autorem a tłumaczem i przybliżyć proces powstawania polskojęzycznej wersji kroniki. Oglądowi poddano narrację w obu wersjach językowych, wskazując na obecność pierwszoosobowych form „ja” i „my” oraz stosowanie zaimków „nasz” i „wasz”. Analizy z wykorzystaniem danych liczbowych pokazały, że polski tekst jest silniej niż łaciński ukierunkowany na budowanie relacji z polskim czytelnikiem i kreowanie narratora jako członka polskiej wspólnoty narodowej. Może to świadczyć o znaczeniu Paszkowskiego nie tylko jako tłumacza, ale także jako współautora kroniki, który wzbogacił ją o nowe elementy i nadał jej nowy wydźwięk
