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Learning from emptiness. From vacancy to participation: Vienna and Tokyo in comparison
No full textIn dieser Arbeit wird der Umgang mit Leerstand als städtebauliche und gesellschaftliche Herausforderung untersucht. Im Mittelpunkt steht dabei ein systematischer Vergleich zwischen Wien und Tokio. Beide Städte sind von zunehmendem Leerstand betroffen, wenn auch aus unterschiedlichen demografischen, ökonomischen und rechtlichen Gründen. Analysiert wird, wie ungenutzte Räume für sozialräumliche Nutzungen aktiviert werden können, um Begegnung, Bildung und Teilhabe zu ermöglichen. Leerstand wird als Ressource verstanden, die neue, niederschwellige Angebote für Menschen aller Altersgruppen und Hintergründe erlaubt und bestehende Sozial- und Kulturinfrastrukturen sinnvoll ergänzt.Aus dem Vergleich entstehen Impulse für inklusive Strategien, die Leerstand als Ausgangspunkt für Räume des Austauschs nutzen. Der Vergleich ist bewusst nicht wertend, sondern analytisch, und legt den Fokus auf strukturelle, soziale und kulturelle Faktoren im Umgang mit ungenutztem Raum. Das Ziel soll sein, unterschiedliche Ansätze der beiden Länder zu erkennen und eventuell voneinander zu lernen. Forschungsfrage: Wie gehen Wien und Tokio mit Leerständen um? Inwieweit kann Leerstand für sozialräumliche Nutzungen eingesetzt werden, um Gemeinschaft, Bildung und Teilhabe im urbanen Raum für alle zu ermöglichen?This paper examines how vacancy is dealt with as an urban planning and socialchallenge. The focus is on a systematic comparison between Vienna and Tokyo.Both cities are aff ected by increasing vacancy rates, though for diff erent demographic, economic and legal reasons. This analysis examines how unused spaces can be utilised for social and spatial purposes to facilitate encounters, education and participation. Vacant spaces are viewed as a valuable resource, offering new, accessible opportunities for people of all ages and backgrounds, and providing a valuable addition to existing social and cultural infrastructure.The comparison provides impetus for inclusive strategies that utilise vacant spaces as a starting point for areas of interaction. It is a deliberate, non-judgemental and analytical comparison, focusing on the structural, social and cultural factors involved in dealing with unused space. The aim should be to identify the different approaches taken by the two countries and possibly learn from each other. Research Question: How do Vienna and Tokyo deal with vacant properties? To what extent can vacant properties be used for socio-spatial purposes to enable community, education and participation in urban areas for all
Verbesserung der Nachhaltigkeits berichterstattung gem. ESRS: Erkenntnisse aus der ersten Berichtssaison
No full textSelbst ohne Umsetzung der Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) in das deutsche bzw. in das österreichische (Bilanz-)Recht legte der größte Teil der „Welle-1-Unternehmen“ auf freiwilliger Basis bereits
für das Geschäftsjahr 2024 Berichte nach den neuen Vorgaben vor. Im Lichte fehlender Erfahrungswerte sowie weitreichender Interpretationsspielräume ist es nicht überraschend, dass diese Berichte von einer hohen diversity in practice charakterisiert waren. Es lässt sich aber zugleich erkennen, dass einige der gewählten Vorgehensweisen als besser geeignet erscheinen, um eine aussagekräftige und zugleich wirksame Nachhaltigkeitsberichterstattung zu ermöglichen. Der vorliegende Beitrag fasst ausgewählte Ergebnisse einer Studie zusammen, die von Deloitte Österreich durchgeführt wurde. Auf Basis ihrer Ergebnisse können Verbesserungsvorschläge abgeleitet werden, die
auch im Hinblick auf die Zielsetzungen der Omnibus-Initiative von Bedeutung sind
Identification of a novel PDE4 inhibitor inspired by leoligin-derived lignans
No full textThe phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) family comprises isoenzymes that selectively hydrolyse the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). PDE4s are widely expressed and play key roles in various physiologic paradigms, including immune responses, memory, cognition, and metabolism. Marketed PDE4 inhibitors, such as roflumilast and apremilast, treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and psoriasis. Identification and characterisation of PDE4 inhibitors offer a promising strategy for targeting diverse pathological processes. In this study, leoligin, a natural lignan found in the roots of Edelweiss (Leontopodium nivale subsp. alpinum (Cass.) Greuter (Asteraceae)) and 165 analogues were screened for their PDE inhibitory activity using a cAMP accumulation assay employing an exchange protein activated by cAMP-based biosensor. Six compounds, including leoligin itself, were identified to cause a significant accumulation of cAMP, and structure-activity relationships were deduced. One analogue, designated LT-104A, showed a concentration-dependent activity with the highest determined potency (EC50 = 1.9 μM) in the cAMP accumulation assay. LT-104A was further characterised using a CRE-Luciferase assay, showing comparable activity to known PDE4 inhibitors in inducing the anti-inflammatory cAMP-PKA-CREB pathway. The inhibitory activity of LT-104A was also confirmed against recombinant PDE4D3 in a cell-free cAMP hydrolysis assay (IC50 = 9.3 μM). The potential binding mode of LT-104A with the catalytic domain of PDE4D was predicted using induced-fit docking. Lastly, a functional study was conducted in LPS-activated macrophages, where LT-104A reduced nitric oxide release and decreased mRNA expression of Il1b and Nos2. In conclusion, extensive in vitro screening of leoligin analogues led to the identification and characterisation of a novel PDE4 inhibitor, LT-104A, with potential in vitro anti-inflammatory properties
Diazirines Beyond Photoaffinity Labeling: A Comprehensive Overview of Applications in Biological Sciences, Materials Chemistry, and NMR-Spectroscopy
No full textDiazirines are well-known for their role in photoaffinity labeling (PAL) probes, acting as reactive groups to fish out proteins for drug target identification or tag installation. Their key asset lies in the precise activation through UV light, heat, or voltage, and in the ability to covalently bind to organic materials. However, the versatility of diazirines extends beyond this application. It was demonstrated that diazirines act as diverse entities, functioning as bridging units to connect different materials or reinforce polymers for applications such as bulletproof armor. Some facilitate blending of non-mixable polymers, allowing the disassembly for recycling. Others serve as glues, aiding wound healing, or immobilize molecules on surfaces, creating new material and surface properties. Some contribute to the fabrication of elastic electronic materials, and others function as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biolabels without the need for a "conventional hook function." This review intends to showcase diazirines beyond PAL and provide an overview of these applications, often combined across different fields. In this regard, the chemistry of diazirines demonstrates how different disciplines draw inspiration from one another, disclosing exciting new methodologies. This review intends to inspire the development of further innovative methods and applications
An axiomatic approach to symmetric extensions
No full textWe provide a collection of natural axioms centered around the symmetric forcing theorem, which yield the concept of symmetric extensions, avoiding the technicalities involved in standard presentations
LongEval at CLEF 2025: Longitudinal Evaluation of IR Systems on Web and Scientific Data
No full textThe LongEval lab focuses on the evaluation of information retrieval systems over time. Two datasets are provided that capture evolving search scenarios with changing documents, queries, and relevance assessments. Systems are assessed from a temporal perspective—that is, evaluating retrieval effectiveness as the data they operate on changes. In its third edition, LongEval featured two retrieval tasks: one in the area of ad-hoc web retrieval, and another focusing on scientific article retrieval. We present an overview of this year’s tasks and datasets, as well as the participating systems. A total of 19 teams submitted their approaches, which we evaluated using nDCG and a variety of measures that quantify changes in retrieval effectiveness over time
Implementierung der Nachhaltigkeitsberichterstattung gemäß CSRD/ESRS
No full textUnternehmen in der EU bereiteten sich im Jahr 2024 auf die erstmalige Nachhaltigkeitsberichterstattung nach den Vorgaben von CSRD und ESRS vor. Jene von ihnen, die der sogenannten „Welle 1“ zuzurechnen sind, veröffentlichten inzwischen ihre ersten Berichte und treffen für ihre zweite Berichtssaison Vorkehrungen. Weitaus mehr Unternehmen, die demgegenüber erst für das Geschäftsjahr 2025 berichtspflichtig gewesen wären, profitieren nunmehr „dank“ der Omnibus-Initiative von einer Verzögerung, sind aber dennoch gut beraten, Vorkehrungen für eine spätere Berichterstattung zu treffen. Die Erfahrungen, die von Anwendern bisher gesammelt werden konnten, stellen in allen Fällen eine wertvolle Grundlage dar, um die Effizienz der Berichterstattungsprozesse zu verbessern. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse einer empirischen Studie vorgestellt, die sich der Erhebung solcher Erfahrungen widmete und damit bewährte Praxiszugänge aufzeigt
Performance of on-site flow cytometry for near-real-time microbiological analysis of alpine karst drinking water resources
No full textThis study presents the first rigorous, multi-parameter evaluation of near-real-time flow cytometry (FCM) for automated on-site monitoring at a model alpine karst spring used as a drinking water resource. We tested automated FCM for its capacity to indicate microbial cell inputs from the catchment surface (SRI) and to indirectly indicate diffuse faecal contamination (DFC). A nested 10-year study design combined low-frequency monitoring with high-frequency event sampling. The instruments tested in the study performed well under challenging field conditions and reliably quantified microbial cells, as validated against established methods. FCM parameters robustly detected SRI and, indirectly, DFC, in a catchment with diffuse animal faecal contamination sources. The same performance was observed for the online physico-chemical parameters UV254 and turbidity. The combination of these biotic and abiotic indicators outperformed single parameters in early warning analyses, demonstrating their potential for water safety planning by enabling timely and specific responses. The various aspects of the automated on-site monitoring devices used are discussed in detail. While automated FCM already supports the indirect detection of diffuse faecal pollution, further technical advances are necessary to extend its scope toward the specific and sensitive detection of faecal contamination
Backdoors to satisfaction continued
No full textA backdoor set is a set of variables of a propositional formula such that fixing the truth values of the variables in the backdoor set moves the formula into some polynomial-time decidable class. If we know a small backdoor set, we can reduce the question of whether the given formula is satisfiable to the same question for one or several easy formulas that belong to the tractable class under consideration. Continuing our 2012 survey, we review parameterized complexity results for problems that arise in the context of backdoor sets, such as the problem of finding a backdoor set of size, depth, or treewidth at most , parameterized by