20883 research outputs found
Sort by
Music as a Means of Healing - A Historical Aspect
No full textRazumevanje glasbe kot sredstva zdravljenja je prežeto z zgodovinskimi, s kulturnimi in z znanstvenimi spremembami, ki so oblikovale sodobno glasbeno terapijo kot priznano zdravstveno disciplino. Zdravilne učinke glasbe so poznali že v najstarejših civilizacijah. Stari Egipčani so pred več kot 4.000 leti glasbo uporabljali za zdravljenje bolnikov, v antiki pa so glasbi pripisovali magično moč očiščevanja, pomirjanja duha in zdravljenja telesnih bolezni. Pri številnih avtohtonih ljudstvih po svetu so bile pesmi, ritmi in zvoki ključni del magičnih ter zdravilnih praks, kar potrjuje univerzalnost glasbe kot sredstva za krepitev zdravja in skupnosti. V srednjem veku so menihi uporabljali cerkvene napeve za lajšanje duševnih stisk in bolečin. Skozi stoletja so se razvijali različni pristopi k uporabi glasbe v terapevtske namene. Ti segajo od ritualnih in religioznih praks do sodobne glasbene terapije, ki se je kot znanstvena disciplina začela razvijati konec 19. stoletja. Glasbena terapija je v 20. stoletju pomembno prispevala k rehabilitaciji vojnih veteranov in danes ostaja ključen del sodobne klinične prakse, ki temelji na interdisciplinarnem sodelovanju in se uporablja na različnih medicinskih področjih. V poglavju obravnavamo zgodovinski vidik zdravilne moči glasbe od pradavnih časov do sodobnosti, s poudarkom na ključnih zgodovinskih prelomnicah, kulturnih razlikah, znanstvenih utemeljitvah ter aktualnih trendih in izzivih v klinični praksi.The understanding of music as a means of healing is profoundly shaped by historical, cultural, and scientific developments that have culminated in recognising modern music therapy as a legitimate healthcare discipline. The therapeutic effects of music were already acknowledged in the earliest civilisations. More than 4,000 years ago, the ancient Egyptians used music to treat patients, while in antiquity, music was attributed with magical powers of purification, soothing the mind, and healing physical ailments. Among numerous Indigenous cultures worldwide, songs, rhythms, and sounds have been integral to magical and healing practices, underscoring the universality of music as a tool for enhancing health and community cohesion. In the Middle Ages, monks employed liturgical chants to alleviate psychological distress and pain. Over the centuries, various approaches to the therapeutic use of music evolved, ranging from ritualistic and religious practices to modern music therapy, which began to develop as a scientific discipline at the end of the nineteenth century. In the twentieth century, music therapy played a significant role in the rehabilitation of war veterans, and today, it remains a vital component of contemporary clinical practice. It is grounded in interdisciplinary collaboration and is applied across diverse medical fields. This chapter examines the historical dimension of music’s healing power from ancient times to the present, focusing on key historical milestones, cultural differences, scientific foundations, and current trends and challenges in clinical practice
A pan-European citizen science study shows population size, climate and land use are related to biased morph ratios in the heterostylous plant Primula veris
No full textThe distylous plant Primula veris has long served as a model species for studying heterostyly, that is the occurrence of multiple floral morphs within a population to ensure outcrossing. Habitat loss, reduced plant population sizes, and climate change have raised concerns about the impact of these factors on morph ratios and the related consequences on fitness of heterostylous species. We studied the deviation of floral morphs of P. veris from isoplethy (i.e. equal frequency) in response to plant population size, landscape context and climatic factors, based on a pan-European citizen science campaign involving observations from 28 countries. In addition, we examined the relative frequency of morphs to determine whether landscape and climatic factors disrupt morph frequencies or whether a specific morph has an advantage over the other. Theory predicts equal frequencies of short-styled S-morphs and long-styled L-morphs in populations at equilibrium. However, data from >3000 populations showed a substantial morph deviation from isoplethy and a significant excess of S-morphs (9% higher compared to L-morphs). Deviation of morph frequency from equilibrium was substantially stronger in smaller populations and was not affected by morph identity. Higher summer precipitation and land use intensity were associated with an increased prevalence of S-morphs. Five populations containing individuals exhibiting short homostyle phenotypes (with the style and anthers in low positions) were found. Genotyping of the individuals at CYP734A50 gene of the S locus, which determines the length of the style and the position of anthers of P. veris, revealed no mutations in this region. Our results based on an unprecedented geographic sampling suggest that changes in land use and climate may be responsible for non-equilibrium morph frequencies. This large-scale citizen science initiative sets foundations for future studies to clarify whether the unexpected excess of S-morphs is due to partial intra-morph compatibility, disruption of heterostyly or survival advantage of S-morphs. Synthesis. Human-induced environmental change may affect biodiversity indirectly through altering reproductive traits, which can also lead to reduced fitness and genetic diversity. Further research should consider the possible role of pollinators in mediating the ecological and evolutionary consequences of recent landscape and climatic shifts on plant reproductive traits