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Razlika med zgodnjo in pozno obravnavo otrok z motnjo avtističnega spektra
No full textSistematični pregled literature preučuje učinke zgodnje in pozne obravnave otrok z motnjo avtističnega spektra na njihov razvoj. Namen pregleda je bil sintetizirati in opisati razvojne izide, povezane z zgodnjo diagnozo in intervencijo, ter izide, povezane s pozno diagnozo in intervencijo pri otrocih z motnjo avtističnega spektra. V pregled je bilo vključenih 11 raziskav v angleškem jeziku, ki so primerjale učinek zgodnje in pozne diagnoze ter preučevale učinkovitost različnih intervencij motnje avtističnega spektra. V pregledu so bile uporabljene tri baze podatkov (PubMed, ScienceDirect in Web of Science), pri čemer so bile vključene raziskave, objavljene med letoma 2020 in 2024. Kakovost izbranih raziskav je bila ocenjena s standardiziranima kontrolnima seznamoma casp (Critical Appraisal Skills Programme) in jbi (Joanna Briggs Institute). Rezultati kažejo, da zgodnja diagnoza in intervencija pomembno izboljšata izide na področju socialnega, kognitivnega, gibalnega, čustvenega razvoja in razvoja vedenjskih značilnosti otrok z motnjo avtističnega spektra. Otroci, ki so bili deležni zgodnje obravnave, so dosegli boljše rezultate na področjih socialne komunikacije, prilagoditvenega vedenja, kognitivnih sposobnosti, finih motoričnih veščin in jezikovnih spretnosti. Nasprotno je pozna diagnoza pogosto povezana z resnejšimi simptomi in večjimi razvojnimi zaostanki. Ključna ugotovitev je, da je zgodnja intervencija ključna za zmanjšanje simptomov motnje avtističnega spektra in izboljšanje kakovosti življenja otrok, medtem ko lahko pozna diagnoza vodi do dolgotrajnih negativnih posledic. Pregled poudarja pomen pravočasne obravnave za optimalen razvoj otroka z motnjo avtističnega spektra in predlaga smernice za nadaljnje raziskovanje, ki temeljijo na preučevanju dolgoročnih učinkov različnih intervencij.This systematic literature review examines the association between the timing of diagnosis and intervention and developmen- tal outcomes in children with autism spectrum disorder. The aim of this review was to synthesize and describe outcomes associated with early diagnosis and intervention, as well as those associated with later diagnosis and intervention. The review included 11 studies written in English that compared the effects of early and late diagnosis and inves- tigated the effectiveness of various interventions for autism spectrum disorder. The review utilized three databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect and Web of Science), focusing on research published between 2020 and 2024. The quality of the selected studies was assessed using standardized checklists from the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (casp) and the Joanna Briggs Institute (jbi). The results indicate that early diagnosis and intervention significantly improve social, cognitive, motor, emotional development, and the development of behavioural characteristics in children with autism spectrum disorder. Children who received early intervention showed better results in social communication, adaptive behaviour, cognitive abilities, fine motor skills, and language proficiency. In contrast, late diagnosis is often associated with more severe symptoms and greater developmental delays. A key finding is that early intervention and diagnosis are crucial for reducing autism spectrum disorder symptoms and improving the quality of life for affected children, while late diagnosis can lead to long-term negative consequences. The review highlights the importance of timely intervention for the optimal development in children with autism spectrum disorder and suggests directions for future research focused on the long-term effects of various interventions
The Use of Social Networks and Other ICT Services among Seniors to Prevent Loneliness
No full textDanes živimo v starajoči se družbi, saj delež starejšega prebivalstva strmo narašča. Starejši so izpostavljeni določenim tveganjem, kot so npr. zdravstvene težave, revščina, osamljenost, družbena izolacija idr. Družbene izolacija in osamljenost imata velik vpliv na blagostanje starejših. Sodobna tehnologija in družbena omrežja ponujajo nekatere rešitve, ki lahko pripomorejo k soočanju s tovrstnimi izzivi, ob predpostavki, da se premosti razkorak med digitalno pismenostjo starejše generacije in digitalnimi kompetencami, ki so potrebne za suvereno uporabo družbenih omrežij in sorodnih aplikacij. Namen prispevka je ponuditi pregled znanstvene literature o obravnavani temi, predvsem izsledkov raziskav, objavljenih v znanstvenih revijah, ki so vključene v mednarodne baze podatkov. Zato smo za potrebe prispevka opravili sistematični pregled literature in pri tem sledili načelom PRISMA. Izbrane prispevke smo vsebinsko analizirali in v sklepni fazi podali zaključne ugotovitve. Učinki uporabe družbenih omrežij in IKT za preprečevanje osamljenosti še niso povsem raziskani, raziskovalci pa so si enotni, da starejši potrebujejo specifične pristope za digitalno opismenjevanje in namenska orodja ter aplikacije, ki so prilagojena tem uporabnikom in zanje prijaznejša.Today we live in an aging society, as the proportion of the elderly population is growing rapidly. The elderly are exposed to certain risks, such as health problems, poverty, loneliness, social isolation, etc. Social isolation and loneliness have a major impact on the well-being of the elderly. Modern technology and social networks offer some solutions that can help to deal with such challenges, assuming that the gap between the digital literacy of the older generation and the digital competencies necessary for the sovereign use of social networks and related applications is bridged. The purpose of the paper is to provide an overview of the scientific literature on the topic, especially the results of research published in scientific journals that are included in international databases. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of the literature, following the PRISMA principles. The selected papers were subjected to a content analysis and conclusions were drawn at the end. The effects of social networking and ICT use to prevent loneliness have not yet been fully explored, but researchers agree that older people need specific digital literacy approaches, dedicated tools and applications that are tailored to them and, therefore, more user-friendly
Izobraževanje STEAM za inovativen pristop k trajnostnemu razvoju
No full textModern education is increasingly viewed through the lens of sustainable development, with a focus on pedagogical practices that foster competent, creative, and socially responsible individuals. The STEAM approach integrates science, technology, engineering, the arts, and mathematics to foster creativity, critical thinking, and transdisciplinary problem-solving among learners. This approach directly contributes to education for sustainable development by enhancing the quality of education, gender equality, and innovation. The paper explores teacher education students’ awareness of STEAM, their attitudes toward its use, and their readiness to apply it in future teaching. A qualitative study was conducted through focus groups with students from various teacher education programmes (natural sciences, social sciences, and arts). Students’ attitudes were analysed, and the perceived benefits, obstacles, and needs for additional support in the implementation of STEAM were identified. The results reveal limited formal education about STEAM, but also a strong motivation among students to apply this approach, particularly in contexts that foster innovation, inclusion, and the connection of theoretical knowledge with real-life situations. Identified challenges include a lack of practical training, insufficient institutional support, and limited resources. Participants highlighted the need for greater integration of STEAM-related content in university curricula. In conclusion, the findings underline the necessity of systemic integration of STEAM education in teacher and preschool educator training programmes, as a key factor in developing sustainable educational practices. Supporting future teachers and educators in acquiring competencies for transdisciplinary learning and innovative teaching may be crucial for advancing education for sustainable development.Sodobno izobraževanje je vse pogosteje obravnavano skozi prizmo trajnostnega razvoja, s poudarkom na pedagoških praksah, ki spodbujajo razvoj kompetentnih, ustvarjalnih in družbeno odgovornih posameznikov. Pristop STEAM (iz angl. Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, Mathematicsznanost, tehnologija, inženirstvo, umetnost in matematika) je prepoznan kot inovativna metodologija, ki povezuje različna področja ter pri otrocih in učencih spodbuja transdisciplinarno razmišljanje, reševanje problemov, ustvarjalnost in kritično mišljenje. Ta pristop neposredno prispeva k izobraževanju za trajnostni razvoj z izboljševanjem kakovosti izobraževanja in s spodbujanjem enakosti spolov ter inovativnosti. Namen tega prispevka je raziskati ozaveščenost študentov pedagoških študijskih programov o izobraževanju STEAM, njihova stališča o njegovi uporabnosti ter pripravljenost za implementacijo v bodoči poklicni praksi. Kvalitativna raziskava je bila izvedena z uporabo fokusnih skupin s študenti različnih pedagoških smeri (naravoslovje, družboslovje in umetnost). Analizirana so bila stališča študentov, identificirane pa so bile tudi zaznane prednosti, ovire in potrebe po dodatni podpori pri uvajanju pristopa STEAM. Rezultati kažejo na omejeno formalno izobraževanje o STEAM-u, vendar tudi na močno motivacijo študentov za njegovo uporabo, zlasti v kontekstih, ki spodbujajo inovativnost, inkluzijo in povezovanje teoretičnega znanja z življenjskimi situacijami. Kot ključni izzivi so bili prepoznani pomanjkanje praktičnega usposabljanja, nezadostna institucionalna podpora in omejeni viri. Udeleženci so poudarili potrebo po večji integraciji vsebin, povezanih s STEAM-om, v visokošolske kurikulume. Zaključne ugotovitve poudarjajo nujnost sistemske integracije izobraževanja STEAM v programe usposabljanja učiteljev in vzgojiteljev predšolskih otrok kot ključni dejavnik za razvoj trajnostnih izobraževalnih praks. Podpora bodočim pedagogom pri pridobivanju kompetenc za transdisciplinarno učenje in inovativno poučevanje je lahko odločilna za napredek izobraževanja za trajnostni razvoj
Role of music therapy in the development of language skills in children with autism spectrum disorder
No full textAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition that typically emerges in early childhood, marked by difficulties in communication, social interaction, behaviour, and emotional regulation. Despite these challenges, many children with ASD demonstrate exceptional musical abilities, making music a powerful medium for enhancing self-expression, fostering social bonds, and supporting neurological development crucial for speech and social skills. Historically, minimally verbal children with ASD were often excluded from research due to the difficulty of assessment using standardised toolshowever, recent advancements have enabled more inclusive studies. Over the past decade, naturalistic approaches have gained prominence, with music therapy emerging as a particularly promising intervention. A systematic literature review, based on original research sourced from PubMed, Sage, and ScienceDirect, examined six studies involving children aged two to twelve years with minimal verbal abilities and a clinical diagnosis of autism. These studies consistently found that music therapy significantly supports the development of language and social communication skills, while also enhancing fronto-temporal brain connectivity. The review contributes valuable insights into the current state of research, underscores the importance of early intervention and parental involvement, and lays the groundwork for further exploration into the role of music therapy in language development for children with ASD
Razvoj didaktične mobilne igre za vzpodbujanje glasbene kreativnosti
No full textČlanek predstavlja razvoj in začetno vrednotenje prototipa mobilne aplikacije za igrivo glasbeno ustvarjanje. Aplikacija, zgrajena v okolju Flutter, združuje sekvencer in Piano Roll v preprost, a odziven vmesnik, ki spodbuja eksperimentiranje in glasbeno “čečkanje” tudi brez predznanja teorije. Ključna tehnična rešitev je ločen proces za sintezo zvoka, ki zagotavlja tekoče delovanje in neprekinjen ustvarjalni tok. Uporabniška raziskava potrjuje visoko stopnjo stimulacije, jasnosti in privlačnosti, kar podpira hipotezo o motivacijskem učinku igrive zasnove, čeprav omejitve vzorca (7 udeležencev) zahtevajo obsežnejše nadaljnje študije. V primerjavi z obstoječimi orodji, kot sta GarageBand in Soundtrap, prototip izstopa po preprostosti ter potencialu za sodelovalno in didaktično rabo. Načrtovana nadgradnja vključuje mrežno sodelovanje, poigritvene elemente in testiranje v realnem pedagoškem okolju. Razviti prototip prikaže možnost združevanja dostopnosti za začetnike z možnostjo kompleksnega ustvarjanja ter odpiranja novih poti za sodobno glasbeno izobraževanje
