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Measuring the muon content of inclined air showers using AERA and the water-Cherenkov detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory
No full textWe present a novel approach for assessing the muon content of air showers with large zenith
angles on a combined analysis of their radio emission and particle footprint. We use the radiation
energy reconstructed by the Auger engineering radio array (AERA) as an energy estimator and
determine the muon number independently with the water-Cherenkov detector array of the Pierre
Auger Observatory, deployed on a 1500 m grid. We focus our analysis on air showers with primary
energy above 4 EeV to ensure full detection efficiency. Over approximately ten years of
accumulated data, we identify a set of 40 high-quality events that are used in the analysis.
The estimated muon contents in data are compatible with those for iron primaries as predicted
by current-generation hadronic interaction models. This result can be interpreted as a deficit of
muons in simulations as a lighter mass composition has been established from Xmax
measurements. This muon deficit was already observed in previous analyses of the Auger
Collaboration and is confirmed using hybrid events that include radio measurements
for the first time
Functional nanomaterials for electrochemical energy conversion
No full textFunctional materials play a pivotal role in enhancing the efficiency and performance of electrocatalytic systems. These materials exhibit unique characteristics that facilitate electrochemical reactions, such as the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2), the splitting of water or the oxidation of organics, crucial for energy conversion applications. Understanding the fundamental principles governing the behavior of functional materials in electrocatalytic processes is essential for advancing this field. The correlation between material properties, such as composition, morphology, and surface structure, and their electrocatalytic performance are essential puzzle to design functional materials.
During this presentation, I will provide an overview of many potential technologies and concepts utilized in energy conversion. My presentation will center on the electrocatalytic oxidation of organic compounds, CO2 reduction and water electrolysis. I will discuss the utilization of MoSe2, WC, Fe2P, FeP, WO3, and Fe2O3 in water electrolysis. I will highlight effective solutions for CO2 electroreduction in high-pressure environments and with the use of flow cells. Electrooxidation of biomass will be discussed as a potential match for CO2 reduction and H2 production. Seeking effective materials for electrocatalytic energy conversion is a crucial aspect of the search for sustainable and clean energy solutions. Finally, a techno-economic analysis shall be overviewed to assess the economic viability and competitiveness of CO2 electrolysis as a carbon capture and utilization technology
Epistemic bias anti-licenses NPIs in polar questions
No full textThere is general agreement that the distribution of "any" is unrestricted in polar questions. I argue that this is not the case: in contexts where there is epistemic bias in favor of the prejacent of a polar question, the question exhibits the same behavior as a declarative with respect to the licensing of "any". I provide an account for this observation in terms of intervention: epistemic bias forces polar questions to be parsed as having a silent modal E which intervenes between "any" and the question operator "whether" that otherwise licenses "any"
On complex adjectival phrases in Standard Arabic
No full textNatural language differs from artificial ones in having the “displacement property,” allowing expressions to “move” from one position to another in the sentence. The mapping from syntax to phonology, therefore, must include rules specifying how objects created by movement are pronounced, or in technical jargon, how chains are linearized. One of these rules is Copy Deletion. The present study investigates the structural description of Copy Deletion. Specifically, it proposes a phrase geometric constraint on its application. The proposal is corroborated by empirical arguments based on distributional and interpretational facts concerning predicate clefts, NP-Splits, and head ordering patterns. The data are drawn from languages of different types and families including Chinese, English, Dutch, German, Hebrew, Norwegian, Swedish, and Vietnamese. The book, thus, contributes to our understanding of a crucial property of natural language and should be of relevance to readers who are interested in the cross-linguistic approach to Universal Grammar research
